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They breathe air with their lungs Most mammal gives more protection and trainings to their young to survive and live Mammas possesses different body coverings:
- HAIR - (e.g. Human, Gorillas, Horses ) - QUILLS provide protection from enemies; have spiny anteater (e.g. Porcupine ) - FUR (e.g. Grizzly bears, Cats, Dogs, Lions, Tigers ) - BRISTLES (e.g. Wild hogs and boars )
HAIR provides insulation against heat loss and allows mammals to be active even in cold weather (e.g. mammals that are found in polar regions)
- UNDERHAIR consists of soft, fine hairs that provide a thick, warm coat. - OUTER GUARD HAIR consists of longer, stiffened hairs that gives shape to mammals coat and protects the underhair.
The hair color of many mammals blends with the animals surroundings and so helps them to hide from enemies and preys. Hair purposes to keep the animal warm Mammals such as dolphins and whales dont have hair have a thick layer of fat that provides warmth SKIN covers mammals.
- DERMIS (Inner layer)- contains the arteries and veins that supplies the skin with blood - EPIDERMIS (Outer layer) - no blood vessels and protects the dermis. It also produces special skin structures such as hair, horns, claws, nails and hoofs.
Four chambered-heart
- It separates oxygenated blood coming from the lungs from the partially deoxygenated blood returning from the body to the lungs to be re-oxygenated. - The prevention of mixing of these two streams of blood ensures that tissues receive oxygen-rich blood which in turn enables sustained muscle activity and helps in maintaining constant body temperatures.
Warm-blooded animals
- ENDOTHERMIC generates their body heat internally. Many adaptations of mammals are related to temperature control - HOMEOTHERMIC maintains a constant internal temperature ; not just generating own heat when the temperature is low but also finding ways to cool down when the temperature are too high - Only mammals sweat but not all mammals have the same number of sweat glands (e.g. Primates have sweat glands all over their body ; Cats and dogs have only in their feet ; Whales dont have any )
CLASSIFICATION 1. Monotremes. Mammals that have cloaca and lay hard shelles amniote eggs Examples:
Spiny anteater - Has a pouch in the belly side formed by swollen mammary glands and longitudinal muscles. The egg moves from the cloaca to this pouch where hatching takes place. The young will remain there for 53 days, then they stay in a burrow where the mother periodically visits and nurses them. Duckbill Platypus - The female platypus lays her egg in the burrow in the ground and incubates it. After hatching, the young are fed with milk coming from the glands on the abdomen of both males and females.
2. Marsupials. They bear their young alive and complete their development in an external pouch called marsupium. Once inside the marsupium, the embryo locates a nipple, attaches to it and spends several months there. It will continue to drink milk in its mothers pouch until it can live independently. Examples:
Kangaroo Koalas Wombat
3. Placental Mammals. Any member of the mammalian group characterized by the presence of a placenta, which facilitates exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood of the mother and that of the fetus. Main Features of Placental Mammals:
1. Hair that covers the body ; 2. Differentiated teeth ; - DIPHYODONTY is a pattern of tooth replacement in animals which the teeth is replaced only once throughout the lifetime. Young mammals have a set of teeth that are smaller and weaker than their adult teeth. This first set of teeth, also known as the deciduous teeth, fall out and are later replaced by a set of larger, permanent teeth.
3. A well-developed brain ; - The size and the complexity of the brain is usually cited as a basis by which vertebrates are more successful than other living things - Homo sapiens the most intelligent vertebrate 4. 5. 6. 7. Infant dependency takes place ; Presence of mammary glands ; Homeothermic ; and ; Internal development of the young
Examples:
Bats Whales Dolphins Seals Sea Lions Manatees Dogs Cats Elephants Monkeys Lions
Benefits:
Ecological balance Improve researches Source of food (e.g. Chickens produces egg ) Serves as agents for transportation, agriculture and different activities (e.g. Dogs were used to detect bombs ) Source of materials ( e.g. An insulating layer of fat under the skin of whales were used as oil) Can be pets
Harmful:
Causes ailments and diseases (e.g. Rabies from dogs ) Causes injuries Some activities of human can cause the extinction of other mammals Class Mammalia Prepared by: Ayra Mae P. Misamin II- Aristotle
MARSUPIAL: KANGAROO
MARSUPIAL: KOALA