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EXHIBIT B-28 PILING

This Exhibit for Piling includes the following: 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 General Codes, Standards, and Specifications General Information Types of Piles and Pile Accessories Pile Driving Equipment Driving Procedures Driving Requirements Pile Axial Load Tests Pile Lateral Load Tests Pile Driving Records

1.0

GENERAL This Exhibit covers the requirements for piling, if required, for the Steam Plant. This includes furnishing all plant, labor, equipment, appliances and materials and in performing all operations related to the installation of piling, complete.

2.0 2.1

CODES, STANDARDS, AND SPECIFICATIONS All codes, standards, and specifications referred to in this Exhibit shall form a part of this Exhibit. The abbreviations used herein have the following meaning: ASTM -American Society for Testing and Materials ACI -American Concrete Institute

2.2

Any conflict between the requirements of this Exhibit and those in the contract drawings or in the codes, standards, and specifications referred to herein shall be brought to the attention of MARAFIQ for resolution. GENERAL INFORMATION Drawings Contractor shall prepare and submit to MARAFIQ drawings showing all piles included in the scope of work plus the required test piles.

3.0 3.1

P.O. Number : 7200018725

3.2

Geotechnical Data Refer to paragraph 3.1.C of Specification Section -D4 for soil information on the site area. It is the responsibility of Contractor to verify the validity of the data provided and/or the conclusions drawn there from.

3.3

Pile Capacities The design capacities of piles in compression, in uplift and laterally, shall be established by Contractor in accordance with the requirements of his design criteria. The criteria and design capacities shall be subject to MARAFIQ's acceptance.

3.4

Lines and Grades Access to site established monuments, and bench marks will be provided by MARAFIQ. All other lines and elevations shall be established by Contractor, who shall be responsible for the correctness of all pile locations. When piles are driven out of the positions shown on the drawings, and then additional piles are driven to replace rejected piles, it shall be the responsibility of Contractor to provide MARAFIQ with a sketch showing the revised as constructed pile layout with the new pile loadings.

4.0

TYPES OF PILES AND PILE ACCESSORIES Several types of piles considered as appropriate are listed herein. Contractor may elect to use other types of piles, subject to their demonstrated suitability for the requirements of the specific site and their acceptance by MARAFIQ. Contractor shall submit its pile type selections and all necessary data to permit an evaluation of the pile as to its suitability.

4.1

Steel H-Piles

4.1.1 Rolled steel piles shall conform to the Standard Specification for Structural Steel, ASTM Designation A 36. Steel piles shall be reinforced at the tips if driving through boulders or other obstructions. The tip reinforcement shall consist of cast steel shoes conforming to ASTM A 27, 65/35. Pile shoes shall be a product of a recognized manufacturer with a documented experience record and shall be subject to approval by MARAFIQ. 4.1.2 H-Pile splicing shall be accomplished using fabricated steel splices conforming to ASTM A 36. These splice pieces shall be a product of a recognized manufacturer with a documented experience record and shall be subject to approval by MARAFIQ. The splicing of H-Piles using any patented devices shall be performed in strict conformance with the written instructions of the manufacturer. 4.2 Steel Pipe Piles

4.2.1 Pipe piles shall conform to ASTM Standard Specification for Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe Piles, A 252, Grade 2.

P.O. Number : 7200018725

4.2.2 Steel pipe piles shall be closed ended. The diameter of the pipe shall be uniform throughout the length of the pile and shall be not less than 32-cm (123/4-in.) OD having a minimum wall thickness of 8 mm (5/16 in.). 4.2.3 The concrete fill for the pile shall have a 28-day compressive strength (f'c) of 305 kg/cm2 (4350 psi) and shall comply with the requirements of Specification Section 03300. Twenty-five percent of this value multiplied by the cross-sectional area of the concrete in combination with the load carried by the steel at 840 kg/cm2 (12,000 psi) shall develop the required capacity of the pile. 4.2.4 Steel points shall be installed on the tips of all closed end pipe piles. These fittings shall be the product of a recognized manufacturer with a documented experience record and shall be subject to approval by MARAFIQ. 4.2.5 Pipe pile splicing shall be accomplished by the use of a steel, inside flange, pipe sleeve. It shall be a product of a recognized manufacturer with a documented experience record and shall be subject to approval by MARAFIQ. The splicing of pipe piles using any approved patented devices shall be performed in strict conformance with the written instructions of the manufacturer. 4.3 Thin-Shelled Cast-In-Place Concrete Piles

4.3.1 All shells shall be steel having adequate strength characteristics with a minimum thickness of 18 gauge to be driven to the required depth using a steel mandrel. Shells shall be capable of withstanding the pressure of the surrounding soil without distortion due to the driving of adjacent piles. The perimeter of these piles at any point in their length shall be circular. The shells shall be of the following types: 4.3.1.1 Step Taper -Shells of the step-taper type shall have increments of their length increasing in diameter from the tip to the cutoff in such a manner as to closely approximate a taper of 1.0 percent (1/8 in. per ft), although this may be modified to permit use of manufacturer's standard lengths, subject to approval by MARAFIQ. The minimum point diameter shall be 20 cm (8 in.). 4.3.1.2 Constant Section -Shells of constant section, straight sided shells, shall have a minimum diameter of 30 cm (12 in.). 4.3.2 Concrete -No concrete shall be placed in any pile shell until all of the piles in the group or in the immediate area have been driven and the driven shells have been inspected and accepted. The method used for placing concrete in the shells shall be subject to acceptance by MARAFIQ. All water in any shell shall be removed prior to concreting. 4.3.2.1 Concrete shall comply with the requirements of Specification Section 03300. Contractor shall take suitable precautions or incorporate appropriate measures to ensure against corrosion or deterioration of installed piles.

P.O. Number : 7200018725

5.0

PILE DRIVING EQUIPMENT Pile driving equipment shall be of the type generally used in standard pile driving practice and shall be subject to approval by MARAFIQ. Equipment for driving shall be in first class condition and shall be maintained and operated at all times at the efficiency and capacity required. Driving shall be accomplished with fixed leads that hold the pile firmly in position and in axial alignment with the hammer. Followers shall not be used except with the written permission of MARAFIQ. The pile driving hammer shall have a rated striking energy per blow as appropriate to the type of pile and material into which it is installed. The weight of the hammer ram shall be approximately equal to or greater than the weight of the pile. Piles shall be protected with an approved cushion and drive cap system while being driven. Cushion blocks shall be replaced if burned, crushed, or otherwise damaged.

6.0 6.1

DRIVING PROCEDURES No piles shall be driven until the excavation or fill in the area in which piles are to be driven has been completed to the proper elevations. Piles shall be accurately located to the established lines and spacings, and shall be driven to the plumb position or batter as required. The maximum permissible deviation for piles out of plumb or off batter shall be 2 percent. The maximum permissible deviation from indicated locations shall be 15 cm (6 in.) for each pile. The center of gravity for each pile group shall conform to the location indicated. Any deviation will necessitate a redesign by the Contractor, and if it is indicated that the load on any pile exceeds 110 percent of the design load, an additional pile or piles shall be driven as appropriate and at the Contractor's expense. Each pile shall be driven without interruption until the required penetration has been obtained. Permission to deviate from this requirement may be given to make pile splices that could not be made prior to driving or when conditions due to unforeseen causes warrant deviation. The duration of any required interruption in driving shall be held to a minimum. Each time that ten piles are driven in a given area, the Contractor shall re-drive the first pile driven in this group to the original blow count resistance. If uplift has taken place or if additional penetration is achieved, all of the adjacent piles shall be back driven to the specified resistance. If after a reasonable number of piles are re-driven, it becomes apparent that the back-driving of piles is not necessary, this specification requirement may be waived, upon the submission of proper documentation by Contractor for MARAFIQ's review and acceptance. The procedures incident to the driving of piles shall not subject them to excessive or undue abuse. Any pile which is damaged or its strength impaired in any manner either by reason of internal defects of by improper handling or driving or as a result of encountering obstructions shall be rejected and replaced at Contractor's expense. Driven piles which are rejected shall either be removed or cut off 15 cm (6 in.) below the level of the bottom of the pile cap. Rejected pipe piles or thin shelled piles left in place shall be filled with concrete.

6.2

6.3

6.4

P.O. Number : 7200018725

6.5

The use of water jets will be allowed when, in the opinion of the Contractor, subject to approval of MARAFIQ, it is necessary to do so to obtain the required penetration of the pile. When water jets are used, the number and size of jets and the volume of water at the jet nozzles shall be sufficient to freely erode the material adjacent to the pile. Before the specified penetration is reached, the jets shall be withdrawn and all piles shall be driven a minimum of 1.5 meters (5 ft) to their final penetration. Pre-boring will be allowed when, in the opinion of Contractor, subject to approval of MARAFIQ, it is necessary to obtain the required penetration of the pile. The diameter of the pre-bored hole shall be equal to or less than the diameter of the pile. Pre-boring shall cease a minimum of 1.5 meters (5 ft) before the specified penetration is reached and all piles shall be driven to their final penetration. DRIVING REQUIREMENTS Piles shall be driven to the minimum elevation requirements and to satisfy the penetration criteria determined by the following formula modified as may become necessary according to the data obtained by the load tests: P = * 2E S + 0.1

6.6

7.0 7.1

Where: P E S is the allowable pile load in pounds is the actual energy delivered by the hammer per blow in foot-pounds is the average net penetration in inches per blow for the last five blows * Note that this formula is valid only for values in units S + 0.1 as specified. It is not applicable directly for submission of metric equivalents. 7.2 All piles shall be installed in an identical manner to the pile(s) that were successfully tested. Sequence of driving of piles shall start from the center of the pile group and progress outward, unless otherwise determined by Contractor and approved by MARAFIQ. 8.0 8.1 8.2 PILE AXIAL LOAD TESTS Contractor shall verify pile axial load capacity by pile axial load tests. Contractor shall perform the tests per one of the two following options, as it may elect: a) Prior to start of production piling for guidance towards determination of piling selection and criteria, followed by confirmation testing of production piles.

P.O. Number : 7200018725

b)

During and upon production piling for confirmation of piling and design basis adequacy.

8.3

All pile axial load tests shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D 1143 using the Cyclic Loading Method. The allowable load per pile shall be determined by the smaller of the values obtained from consideration of the following two criteria: The load at which the plastic settlement begins to exceed 8 mm (5/6 in.) per metric ton (2204 lbs) of additional load. Divide this load by a factor of safety of 2 for static loads or 3 for vibratory loads. The load at which the settlement on the plastic deformation curve begins to exceed 12.5 mm (1/2 in.). Divide this load by a factor of safety of 2 for static loads or 3 for vibratory loads.

8.4

8.5.

If it is elected to conduct pile tests prior to production piling, at least two piles of each type contemplated shall be tested. Piles shall be tested to twice the design load. Production piles shall be tested at the rate of one test for every 200 piles or portion thereof installed (with a minimum of one test if less than 200). The piles to be tested shall be selected by Contractor subject to the approval of MARAFIQ. Piles shall be tested to twice the design load. All pile load tests shall be continuously supervised by a qualified geotechnical engineer. Contractor shall prepare a detailed description of the equipment, arrangement, method, and governing criteria he proposes for performance of the pile tests and shall submit to MARAFIQ for acceptance.

8.6

8.7

9.0 9.1

PILE LATERAL LOAD TESTS Pile lateral load tests, if required, shall be performed in accordance with ASTM document "Suggested Method of Test for Load-Deflection Relationship for Individual Piles Under Lateral Load." Contractor shall prepare a detailed description of the equipment, arrangement, method and governing criteria he proposes for performance of the pile tests and shall submit to MARAFIQ for acceptance.

10.0

PILE DRIVING RECORDS A complete report shall be made of each pile driven. This report shall include but not be limited to the following: pile designation, type, size and location, any deviation from the drawing location and plumbness, ground elevation, elevation of the pile tip, length of pile from tip to cutoff, continuous blows per foot of length, and blows per every inch for the last foot of driving, the cause of any interruption in driving and the duration of the delay. Hammer make and model, weight, rated

P.O. Number : 7200018725

energy, material and weight of cushion block, times of start and finish of driving, actual driving time shall also be included.

P.O. Number : 7200018725

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