Terms and Concepts Final Exam Chapters 12-14

Terms: pilgrimage- long journey in search of moral or religious significance; journey to important shrine; structure; place.
relics- the body parts, clothing, or objects associated with a holy figure, such as the Buddha or Christ or a Christian saint

Reliquary- the container of a relic choir- space within church that is reserved for clergy members and singers of the church radiating chapels-chapels that are reserved for the display of relics. Typically, radiating chapels open directly onto the ambulatory or the transept transept- the part of a church with an axis that crosses the nave forming a T shape; transepts resemble arms thus exaggerating the cruciform shape crossing square-the area in a church formed by the intersection (crossing) of a nave and a transept; the crossing square also is used as a measure of proportionality jambs- side posts of a portal door trumeau- center post supporting the lintel in the middle of the portal doorway tympanum- semicircular lunette above doorway of a portal; typically where primary decoration is located sexpartite vaulting-vaulting where ribs are divided into 6 compartments. Ex: Saint tienne, Caen, France. seven-part vaulting- vaulting where ribs are divided into 7 compartments . Ex: Durham Cathedral. pointed arch-narrow arch used in Gothic architecture rib vault-a vault in which the diagonal and transverse ribs compose a structural skeleton ; specific to Gothic architecture lancet- tall, narrow window crowned by a pointed arch rose window- circular stained-glass window flying buttress- exterior arches that spring from lower roofs over the aisles and ambulatory. Flying buttresses transfer the thrust of the nave vaults across the roofs of the side aisles and ambulatory to a tall pier rising above churchs exterior wall.

stigmata- In Christian art, the wounds of Christs crucifixion appearing miraculously on the body of a saint. perspective- depiction of three-dimensional objects in space on a two-dimensional surface Renaissance-French word for rebirth. Ultimately describes the reemergence of history, culture, and art of the 14-16th centuries. Denotes the intentional focus on classical style. Humanism- Within the Renaissance; an emphasis on education and the expansion of knowledge. Humanism also meant a focus on the individual potential and the desire to excel, and the commitment to civic responsibility and moral duty. Concepts: *** Be able to identify artist, title, date (by century), artistic period, location (if architecture) for each of the images posted to elearning. ***Remember, you will be tested on the individual characteristics of each image as well as the overarching characteristics of the artistic periods. During which years does the Romanesque period occur? What was it called Roman-like or in the Roman manner by early historians? What is a pilgrimage? What are the characteristics of a pilgrimage church? What is an example of a pilgrimage church? What relic is in Chartres Cathedral? Hint: The holy tunic of the Virgin Mary. What is a portal door? What scene is usually depicted on the tympanum? What church did William the Conqueror build? What is the Bayeux Tapestry? What did it commemorate? Be sure to know the new architectural elements: choir, transept, and crossing square. For portals: trumeau, tympanum, jamb. For Gothic: rib vault, pointed arch, stained-glass/rose window(these 3 Gothic elements are referred to as the Gothic Recipe). Who coined the term, Gothic? In what church did the Gothic style first appear? What specific person introduced the Gothic style at this church? What does it mean to achieve soaring heights in the Gothic period? In what country was the Gothic style most prevalent? What year did Chartres Cathedral burn down? How long did it take to rebuild it? What are flying buttresses? Why are they called flying? How does the view of the Virgin Mary change during the Gothic period and what is the cult of the virgin? What even during the 14th century would influence the death and suffering highlighted in the Rttgen Piet? How does the English Gothic style, i.e. Salisbury Cathedral, differ from the French Gothic (Reims Cathedral or Amiens Cathedral). What does Proto-Renaissance mean? What does the term Renaissance mean? In what city did the Renaissance period emerge? What is the Italo-Byzantine style? What was the relationship of Cimabue and Giotto? What is the relationship between Humanism and the Renaissance?