CH NG 4: Thiõt Kõ Hö ®iòu Khión Cho M H×NH

Chng 4: Thit k h iu iu khin cho m hnh
chng 4
Thit k h iu khin cho m hnh
4.1. S cng ngh h thng l nung.
S cng ngh h thng l nung c trnh by trong hnh v.
xp
v sinh,
thi bi
ln xe
NL
v
tr
oxi ha
kh
tp
ng
khi
kt
Qut
L
nung
ng
dn
Van
Kho
gas
Lm lnh
ng
dn
Vi phun
Van
Phn
loi
Hnh 4.1. S cng ngh h
thng l nung
4.2. Nguyn l lm vic ca m hnh

4.2.1. Thao tc sy, t l v nung sn phm
* Sy t nhin: chy qut lm lnh cui l. Thi gian 72h
28

* Sy bng nhit bc x: Thi gian sy 60 gi
-
y 29 xe gong c mt xe bao xen k mt xe dn vo l
Thng bo cho l gas y hi nc thi qut thp lnh v ng

ng dn gas sang l tuynel trc khi chun b chm la t 2- 4 h
M cc van x trn nc l, m cc van gas tng ph trch cm

gas BG1, BG2, BG3, BG4 m cc van nhnh, cc rn thot nc
m van chung. Dng hi nc thi qua thp lnh, ng ng dn
gas t 15 20 pht, khi thy hi nc thot ra trn van x v cc
rn thot nc ca cc van gas. bo l chun b cp gas. Khi thy
iu kin an ton th cho gas vo ng ng , quan st
thy van x, cc rn thot nc, c hi gas th ng cc van gas
tng ca cm gas BG1, BG2 v BG3, van chung v bo ngng
cp gas.
Chy qut kh thi, qut lm lnh cui l. Van qat kh thi m

t 40 60%; cc van ht kh thi t 50 60%.
- Sau khi chy quat kh thi, qut cui l t : 10 15 pht

thi ht kh gas c trong l ra ngoi. Chy qut kh t duy
tr p lc PCA = 20 22 mbar (ch t ng).
-
M cc van gi ln lt t pha cui l ln, m mi van khong 30

giy ri ng li. Ngng qut lm lnh cui l.
Kim tra cht lng v p lc gas, khi iu kin chm la,

bo l gas cp gas 2 ln (kim tra hm lng CO trong l di mc
quy nh mi c chm la).
- Khi gas c cp n nh, mi m hai van gas tng ca

cm gas BG1 v BG2 p lc duy tr t : 150 250 mm H20.
-
Chm mi bt u t sy l bng cc cp van s: 9; 7; 5;

3.
M cc van gas, van gi t : 30 50% cho mi la vo l n nt

in cho mi la bt chy, m van gas t t a gas vo l
(ch : t u tng cp van v t t van s 9 tr ln u
l).
Quan st qua l xem la khi cp van hai bn l chy u mi

chuyn ln t van tip theo (trng hp chm khng chy
29

hoc chy ri tt phi ng ngay van gas v tm r nguyn
nhn x l sau mi chm la tr li).
-
Khi cc van t chy n nh ng ton b van x trn nc l

li.
Chy qut nhit tha, iu chnh tng m van qut nhit

tha v gim qut kh thi sao cho dng kh nng i ngc v
pha cui l.
Tc nng nhit (Ly nhit cm BG3 xc nh)

trong qu trnh sy duy tr nh sau:
+ T nhit thng n 2500C trong 24h. Khi nhit
t 2500C, y xe vo l. Tc y: 100 120
pht/xe.
+ Lu nhit 2500C trong 12h
+ T nhit 2500C n 4000C trong 12h.
Tc tng nhit: 10 150C/h
Lu nhit 4000C trong 12h
ng cc van gas, van gi cc cp van t. iu chnh m

cc van qut nhit tha v qut kh thi m bo cho dng kh
nng i tr li v pha u l. Chy qut lm lnh cui l.
* Sy, t l v nung sn phm

- M 50% ton b cc van gi ph ca cc van t cm BG3 , BG4,
cc van gas ng.
-
t p lc kh thi : 0,05 0,07 mbar ( Ch bng tay ).
- Lng gas cm BG3 , BG4 s dng t : 2,5 7 m3 / h

-
t t l gas/ gi cc cm BG t : 1,30 1,70.
M van gas tng, t iu p 1: 1,2 bar v iu p 2: 40

mbar.
- M van gas ca cc cm BG3 , BG4 t 3 5 pht trc khi chm

la.
- t nhit cm BG4 t: 300-4000C (ch bng tay ).

-
Chm la cc cp van: 20,18,16 pha dui. Lng gas/ gi ti cc

van khi t s dng cho ph hp.
- Nng nhit thng n 3000C trong 40 gi.

30

+ Tc nng nhit t: 5 100C/h.
+ Khi nhit BG4 = 1200C th y xe vo l. Tc y:
100-140 pht/ xe
- Khi nhit BG4 = 3000C.

+ t nhit cm BG3 = 6000C; BG4 = 6000C,
+ t cc cp van s: 21, 19, 17 pha di.
+ Dng qut cui l.
+ Nng nhit t: 3000C 6000C trong 30h. Tc nng nhit
t: 5 150C/h.

+ t nhit cm BG3 = 8000C, BG4 = 8000C
+ t cc cp van 14, 13.
+ Nng nhit t: 6000C- 8000C trong 15h. Tc nng nhit
t: 10 150C/h.
+ Tc y t: 70- 90pht/ xe.

+ t nhit cc cm BG3 = 10000C , BG4 = 10000C.
+ t cc cp van: 12, 11, 9, 7.
+ Thi gian nng nhit t 800 10000C l: 15h. Tc
nng nhit 10 150C/h.

+ t nhit cc cm BG3 = 11500C; BG4 = 12000C.
+ i vi cc cp van: 19, 18. Pha di: 5,3.
+ Vn hnh chy cc qut: Lm lnh cc trc tip, thi kh, cui
l.
+ Thi gian nng nhit l: 12h, tc nng nhit: 15
200C/h.
- Khi nhit BG4 = 12000C. t nhit cc cm:

BG4 = 1300 13100C, BG3 = 1170 11900C.
BG2 = 1020 10500C, BG1 = 850 9000C
+ t t l gas/gi ca cc cm:BG4 = 0,70 0,80; BG = 0,05
- 0,7;
+ S dng gas/ gi ca cc cm:
31

BG1: P gas t : 120 160 mm H20; Lu lng gi t t : 400
- 450 m3/ h.
BG2: P gas t : 110 150 mm H20; Lu lng gi t t : 200
- 250 m3/h.
+ t ton b cc cp van cn lil
+ y cc xe xp sn phm vo l. Tc y xe: 60 70
pht/
xe.
4.2.2. Thao tc ngng

* Chun b
- Kim tra m bo an ton:
+ H thng xe gong v cc thit b vn hnh.
+ H thng l nung: cc can nhit, bung t, van t, van
chung, cc van an ton, tng l, vm l, mng ct, ng ray.
+ H thng cung cp gas bao gm: Bn cha, my ho hi, van
iu p.
+ H thng qut, ng ng dn gas, gi.
+ H thng in. H thng iu khin....
* Thao tc ngng l
- y xe gong trn xp bao nung khng ng sn phm vo l. Tc
y t : 60 70 pht/xe.
- Khi y ht 16 xe gong, bt u h nhit l nung tnh theo
nhit cm BG4.
- Chuyn nhit im t ti cc cm BG nh sau:
BG4 = 11600C,
BG3 = 10000C.
BG2 = 9500C,
BG1 = 8200C
+ P kh thi duy tr t : 0,05 007 mbar.

+ T l gas/ gi ca cc cm BG4, BG3 chuyn t t 1,00 1,20.
+ Tc h nhit t : 15 250C/ h.
- Khi nhit BG4 11600C chuyn nhit im t ti cc

cm BG:
BG4 = 10000C,
BG3 = 9300C.
BG2 = 8200C,
BG1 = 7000C
32

Cc thng s khc khng thay i.
- Khi nhit BG4 10500C

+ Ngng y xe gong.
+ ng van tng v ton b van gas cm BG1, BG2
+ Ngng qut lm lnh nhanh, qut y kh.
+ Thi gian h nhit t 20 300C /h
- Khi nhit BG4 10000C. Chuyn nhit n im t

cc cm:
BG4 = 8500C,
BG3 = 7000C.
+ Cc thng s khc khng thay i.

+ Thi gian h nhit t 1000 850 0C trong 10h.
+ Tc h nhit t 15 200C/h
- Khi nhit BG4 8500C. Chuyn nhit im t cc

cm.
BG4 = 6500C,
BG3 = 6000C.

- Khi nhit BG4 6500C. Chuyn nhit n cc cm

BG4 = 6500C,
BG3 = 5000C.

- Khi nhit BG4 5000C v m bo thi gian h nhit th :

+ Ngng cp gas: Nhn nt ngt khn. ng van chung v
van gas ti cc vi t.
+ Khi ng qut lm lnh nhanh, qut y kh.
+ Chuyn iu khin cc cm BG v ch bng tay. M
van gi ca cc van t t : 70 100%.
+ Chuyn iu khin p lc v ch bng tay. M van
kh thi t : 70 100%.
+ Khi nhit cc cm BG t : 150 2000C tip tc y xe
gong vo. Tc y t : 60 70 pht /xe.
33

+ Ngng qut lm lnh nhanh, qut thi kh, qut y kh.
+ Thi gian h nhit t 5000C ti nhit thng l 48 gi.
4.3. Quy nh vo ra ca chng trnh iu khin.

4.3.1. Bng phn cng u vo trong m hnh
A. Cc u vo: c 21 u vao:
+ I0.0 :
Nt bm khi ng.
+ I0.1 :
Nt bm dng.
+ I0.2 :
ng h bo p lc gas.
+ I0.3 :
ng h bo p lc l .
+ I0.4 :
ng h bo p lc gi.
+ I0.5 :
Nt bm th my.
+ I0.6 :
Nt bm ngng gas khn cp.
+ I0.7 :
Khi ng sy t nhin.
+ I1.0 :
Nt bm dng qut gi t.
+ I1.1 :
Nt bm dngqut nhit tha.
+ I1.2 :
Nt bm dng qut kh thi.
+ I1.3 :
Nt bm dng qut lm lnh.
+ I1.4 :
Cm bin nhit nhm 1.
+ I1.5 :
Cm bin nhit nhm 2.
+ I1.6 :
Cm bin nhit nhm 3.
+ I2.0 :
Cm bin nhit nhom 4.
+ I2.1 :
Cm bin vn tc.
+ I2.2 :
ng h bo p lc gas nhm 1.
+ I2.3 :
+ I2.4 :
+ I2.5 :
34

B. Cc u ra : c 23 u ra :
+ Q0.0 :
Van gas tng.
+ Q0.1 :
Van gas nhm 1.
+ Q0.2 :
Van gas nhm 2.
+ Q0.3 :
Van gas nhm 3.
+ Q0.4 :
Van gi nhm 4.
+ Q0.5 :
Van gi tng.
+ Q0.6 :
Van gi nhm 1.
+ Q0.7 :
Van gi nhm 2.
+ Q1.0 :
Van gi nhm 3.
+ Q1.1 :
Van gi nhm 4.
+ Q1.2 :
Van kh thi.
+ Q1.3 :
Qut gi t.
+ Q1.4 :
Qut nhit tha.
+ Q1.5 :
Qut kh thi.
+ Q1.6 :
Qut lm lnh.
+ Q1.7 :
Nhm u t 1.
+ Q2.0 :
Nhm u t 2.
+ Q2.1:
Nhm u t 3.
+ Q2.2:
Nhm u t 4.
+ Q2.3 :
Van u t pha di.
+ Q2.4 :
Van u t pha trn.
+ Q2.5 :
Chy my y.
+ Q2.6:
Chuyn ch bng tay.
35
4.3.1. Lu thut gii cc chng trnh.
- Chng trnh chy kim tra thit b:

START
Chy my y thu
lc
No
t = 20 pht
Yes
Dng
36
- Sy v nung sn phm:
*Tao tc sy:
+Sy t nhin:
START
Chy qut lm lnh cui

l
t = 72 gi
Yes
Dng
37
No
+Sy bng nhit bc x:

START
M cc van gas nhm: T 1

n 4
Chy qut lm lnh, qut kh thi

cui l
t = 15
pht
Yes
Chy qut kh t
38
No
1,
PK= 22mbar
1,
No
Yes
M cc van gi t cui l
ln
t = 30
giy
Yes
M van gas nhm: T 1

n2
39
No
2,
2,
P=
250mH20
No
Yes
Chm la cc u t
nhm : 1 v 2
No
0
T = 250 C
Yes
No
t = 24 gi
Yes
40

3
y xe vo
l
No
Vy = 100
pht/xe
Yes
Nhit l t
4000C
No
t = 12gi
Yes
41
ng cc van gas, gi ca
nhm : 1 v 2
Chy qut lm lnh

cui l
Dng
42
+Nung sn phm:
START
M ton b cc van gi ph
nhm: 1 v 2
M van gas
tng
No
P = 1,2mbar
Yes
M van gas ca cm gas

nhm: 1 v 2
43
t = 5 pht
No
Yes
1
Chm la cc u t nhm: 1v
2 pha di
No
T0= 4000C
Yes
y xe vo
l
Chm la cc u t nhm: 1
v 2 pha trn
44
T0= 6000C
Dng qut cui

l
2
M cc cp van gas nhm 3

pha trn
No
0
T = 800 C
Yes
No
t = 15 gi
Yes

pha di
45
No
0
T = 1000 C
Yes
3

pha trn
No
0
T = 1120 C
Yes
t = 12 gi
Yes
46
No
Dng
+Chng trnh ngng l:

STARTT
y xe gong khng ng sn
phm vo l
No
M = 16 xe
Yes
47

No
0
T = 1120 C
Yes
Ngng y xe
vo l
ng van gas tng v ton b van gas

nhm: 1 va 2
ng van gi nhm: 1
v 2
No
T0= 8500C
Yes
48
ng ton b cc van gas, van gi

nhm 3
No
T0= 6500C
Yes
2
2
ng ton b cc van gi, van gas

nhm 4
T = 200 C
Yes
ng van gi
tng
49
No
Chy qut lm
lnh
t = 48 gi
Yes
3
Chuyn v ch
bng tay
Dng
50
No
4.3.2.Lp gin thang: Chng trnh iu khin dng

LAD:
- Chng trnh chy kim tra thit b:
Network1: Khi ng tt c cc qut gi, chy my y:
I0.0
I0.1
T1
Q1.3
Q1.3
Q1.4
Q1.5
Q1.6
51
T1
Q1.6
IN
S5T#20M
PV
END
- Sy v nung sn phm:
*Thao tc sy:
+Sy t nhin:
Network 1: Chy qut lm lnh cui l:
I0.0
I1.3
T2
Q1.6
Q1.6
T2
Q1.6
52

IN
S5T#72H
PV
END
+Chng trnh sy bng nhit bc x:

Network 1: M cc van gas nhm: T 1 n 4:
I0.0
I0.1
Q0.1
Q0.1
Q0.2
Q0.3
53
Q0.4
Net work 2: Chy qut lm lnh, qut kh thi cui l:

I0.4
I0.1
Q1.5
Q1.6
Network 3: T3 bt u m thi gian 15 pht:
T3
Q1.5
IN
S5T#15M
PV
Netwrork 4: Chy qut kh t:

I1.6
I1.0
I0.3
T3
Q1.3
Network 5: M cc van gi t cui l ln:

Q1.3
T3
Q1.1
Q1.0
54
Q0.7
Q0.6
Network 6: T4 bt u m thi gian 30 giy:

T4
Q0.7
IN
S5T#30S
PV
Network 5: M van gas nhm: 1 v 2:

Q0.1
I2.2
T4
Q0.1
Q0.1
Q0.1
I2.3
T4
Q0.2
Q0.2
Network 6: Chm la cc u t nhm: 1 v 2:

55
Q0.2
I1.4
T4
Q1.7
Q1.7
I1.5
T4
Q2.0
Network 7: T5 bt u m thi gian 24 gi:

T5
Q2.0
IN
S5T#24H
PV
Network 8: y xe vo l:
I2.1
I1.4
T5
I0.6
Q2.6
Network 8: ng van gas nhm 1:

I2.5
Q0.1
I1.4
56
Network 9: ng van gas nhm 2:

I2.5
Q0.2
I1.4
Network 10: ng van gi nhm 1:

I2.5
Q0.6
I1.4
Network 11: ng van gi nhm 2:

I2.5
Q0.7
I1.4

I2.5
I1.3
Q1.6
Q1.6
57
END
+ Chng trnh nung sn phm:

Network 1: Chy qut kh t:
I0.0
I1.0
58
T9

Q1.3
Q1.3
Network 2: M van gas tng:

Q1.3
I0.6
I0.2
Q0.0
Q0.0
Network 3: M van gas nhm 1:

Q0.0
I2.2
Q0.1
Network 4: M van gas nhm 2:

Q0.1
I2.3
Q0.2
Network 5: T5 bt u m thi gian 5 pht:

Q0.2
T6
IN
59PV

S5T#5M
Network 6: Chm la u t pha di:

Q0.1
Q0.2
T6
Q2.3
Network 7: Chm la u t nhm 1 pha di:

Q2.3
Q0.1
T6
Q1.7
Network 8: Chm la u t nhm 2 pha di:

Q1.7
Q2.3
Q2.0
Network 9: y xe vo l:
Q1.3
I1.4
Q2.6
Q2.6
I1.4
Q0.6
Network 10: Chm la u t pha trn:

Q1.3
Q0.6
60

Q2.4
Network 11: Chm la u t nhm 1 pha trn:

Q2.4
I1.4
Q1.7
Network 12: Chm la u t nhm 2 pha trn:

Q0.7
I1.5
Q2.0
Network 13: Dng qut cui l:

Q2.0-
I1.3
Q1.6
Network 14: M cc cp van gas nhm 3 pha trn:

Q2.0
I1.6
Q0.3

61
T7
Q0.3
IN
S5T#15H
PV
Network 16: M cc cp van gas pha di:

Q0.3
Q1.3
T7
Q2.3
Network 17: M cp van gas nhm 4 pha di:

Q0.3
T7
I2.0
Q2.2
T8
Q2.2
IN
S5T#15H
PV
Network 17: M cc cp van gas pha trn:

Q2.2
I2.0
T8
Q2.4
62
Network 18: M cp van gas nhm 4 pha trn:

Q2.4
T8
I2.0
Q0.4
Network 19: T9 m thi gian 12 gi:

T9
Q0.4
IN
S5T#12H
PV
END
63
+ Chng trnh ngng l:

Network 1: y xe gong khng ng sn phm vo l:
I0.0
I0.1
Q2.5
C1
Q2.5
CV
C1
R
#16
Network 2: Ngng y xe vo l:
C1
I2.0
Q2.5
Network 3: ng van gas tng:

Q2.5
I0.1
Q0.0
Network 4: ng ton b cc van gas nhm 1 v 2:

I1.4
I1.5
Q0.1
Q0.2
64
Network 5: ng van gi nhm 1 v 2:

I1.4
I1.5
Q0.6
Q0.7
Network 6: ng ton b van gas, van gi nhm 3:

I1.4
I1.5
Q0.3
Q1.0
Network 7: ng ton b cc van gas, van gi nhm 4:

I1.6
I2.0
Q0.4
Q1.1
65
Network 8: ng van gi tng:

I2.0
I0.1
Q0.5

T10
Q0.5
IN
S5T#48H
PV

Q0.5
Q1.2
T10
Q1.6
Network 11: Chuyn iu khin v ch bng tay:

Q1.6
T10
Q2.0
END
66
67

CH NG 4: Thiõt Kõ Hö ®iòu Khión Cho M H×NH

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CH NG 4: Thiõt Kõ Hö ®iòu Khión Cho M H×NH

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Chng 4: Thit k h iu iu khin cho m hnh

4.2. Nguyn l lm vic ca m hnh

Chng 4: Thit k h iu iu khin cho m hnh

y 29 xe gong c mt xe bao xen k mt xe dn vo l

Thng bo cho l gas y hi nc thi qut thp lnh v ng

M cc van x trn nc l, m cc van gas tng ph trch cm

Chy qut kh thi, qut lm lnh cui l. Van qat kh thi m

- Sau khi chy quat kh thi, qut cui l t : 10 15 pht

M cc van gi ln lt t pha cui l ln, m mi van khong 30

Kim tra cht lng v p lc gas, khi iu kin chm la,

- Khi gas c cp n nh, mi m hai van gas tng ca

Chm mi bt u t sy l bng cc cp van s: 9; 7; 5;

M cc van gas, van gi t : 30 50% cho mi la vo l n nt

Quan st qua l xem la khi cp van hai bn l chy u mi

Chng 4: Thit k h iu iu khin cho m hnh

Khi cc van t chy n nh ng ton b van x trn nc l

Chy qut nhit tha, iu chnh tng m van qut nhit

Tc nng nhit (Ly nhit cm BG3 xc nh)

ng cc van gas, van gi cc cp van t. iu chnh m

* Sy, t l v nung sn phm

t p lc kh thi : 0,05 0,07 mbar ( Ch bng tay ).

- Lng gas cm BG3 , BG4 s dng t : 2,5 7 m3 / h

t t l gas/ gi cc cm BG t : 1,30 1,70.

M van gas tng, t iu p 1: 1,2 bar v iu p 2: 40

- M van gas ca cc cm BG3 , BG4 t 3 5 pht trc khi chm

- t nhit cm BG4 t: 300-4000C (ch bng tay ).

Chm la cc cp van: 20,18,16 pha dui. Lng gas/ gi ti cc

- Nng nhit thng n 3000C trong 40 gi.

Chng 4: Thit k h iu iu khin cho m hnh

- Khi nhit BG4 = 3000C.

- Khi nhit BG4 = 6000C.

- Khi nhit BG4 = 8000C.

- Khi nhit BG4 = 10000C.

- Khi nhit BG4 = 12000C. t nhit cc cm:

Chng 4: Thit k h iu iu khin cho m hnh

4.2.2. Thao tc ngng

+ P kh thi duy tr t : 0,05 007 mbar.

- Khi nhit BG4 11600C chuyn nhit im t ti cc

Chng 4: Thit k h iu iu khin cho m hnh

- Khi nhit BG4 10500C

- Khi nhit BG4 10000C. Chuyn nhit n im t

+ Cc thng s khc khng thay i.

- Khi nhit BG4 8500C. Chuyn nhit im t cc

+ Cc thng s khc khng thay i.

- Khi nhit BG4 6500C. Chuyn nhit n cc cm

+ Cc thng s khc khng thay i.

- Khi nhit BG4 5000C v m bo thi gian h nhit th :

Chng 4: Thit k h iu iu khin cho m hnh

4.3. Quy nh vo ra ca chng trnh iu khin.

Nt bm ngng gas khn cp.

Nt bm dngqut nhit tha.

Nt bm dng qut kh thi.

Nt bm dng qut lm lnh.

Cm bin nhit nhm 1.

Cm bin nhit nhm 2.

Cm bin nhit nhm 3.

Cm bin nhit nhom 4.

Chng 4: Thit k h iu iu khin cho m hnh

Van gas tng.

Van gas nhm 1.

Van gas nhm 2.

Van gas nhm 3.

Qut nhit tha.