Study Guide Plants Chapter 22 and 23

**Study From Class Notes use the text as a backup. Ch 22-1 / Plants 1) What is a plant? Plants are multicellular eukariotes that have cell walls made of cellulose. They develop from multicellular embryos and carry out photosynthesis using the green pigments chlorophyll a and b. 2) What is the cell wall made of? A cell wall is made of cellulose. They develop from multicellular embryos and carry out photosynthesis using the green pigments chlorophyll a and b. 3) Know the functions of roots, stems, leaves and flowers. Roots:are underground organs that absorb water and minerals. Leaves: Are photosynthetic organs that contain one or more bundles of vascular tissue. Veins: Made of xylem and phloem. Stems: are supporting structures that connect roots and leaves, carrying water and nutrients between them. Flowers: in angiosperns is to attract pollinators (vectors) to facilitate pollination. in gymnosperms into separate male and female cones as the primary method of pollination is by wind. 4) Know how the plant is adapted for life on land. What adaptations allowed them to move from water to land? The lives of a plants center on the need of sunlight, water and minerals, gas exchange, and the transport of water and nutrients throughout the plant body.Most plants have specialized tissues that carry water and nutrients upward from the soil and distribute the products of photosynthesis throughout the plant body. 5) Know the general plant life cycle. What are gametophytes, sporophytes, fertilization, meiosis, haploid, diploid, zygotes, alternation of generations. The Plant Life Cycle: Reproductive Cell: Gametes & Spores Alternation of Generation: Diploid(2n)-Knwon as Sporophyte Haploid(n)-Gametophyte Plant spores are haploid(n), reproductive cells formes in the sporophyte plant by meiosis that can grow into new indivuduals.The new individual is the gameophyte. A gamate is a reproductive cell that is produce a new individual, the diploid sporophyte. Many plants also have forms of vegetative, or assexual, reproduction.

Vocabulary Plant Stem Root Cuticle Leaf vascular tissue Sporophyte Gametophyte Haploid Diploid Xylem Tracheids Phloem Spore Bryohyta Pterophyta Sori Sporangia Gymnosperm Angiosperm Alternations of generations Stigma Style Ovary Pistil Stamen Anther Filament Seed Cones seed coat Fruit Flower (pg 612) leaf veins Annual Biennial Perennial Fertilization Meiosis Mitosis sperm and egg Pollen Frond Rhizome Sori

6) What did plants evolve from? They evolved from Green Algae 7) Know the difference between meiosis and mitosis Meiosis: is a process of reductional division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is halved. Mitosis: is the cell division process in which a eukaryotic cell divides the chromosomes into two identical sets of two daughter nuclei in its cell nucleus

Ch 22-2 Bryophyta 1) What are bryophytes. 2) Know that they are non-vascular, seedless 3) Be able to identify the sporophyte and gametophyte from pictures (remember the gametophyte is the dominant generation and photosynthetic) 4) Knowand be able to draw the life cycle from your notes and your folder. Remember, the gametophytes are either male or female Ch 22-3 Pterophyta 1) What are pterophyta. 2) Know that they are vascular, seedless 3) Be able to identify the sporophyte and gametophyte from pictures (remember the sporophyte is now the dominant generation and photosynthetic) 4) Know and be able to draw the life cycle from your notes and your folder. Remember, the gametophytes are both male and female (hermaphrodites). Where are the sporangia? What do the sporangia make up? Ch 22-4 Gymnosperms 1) What are conifer? What is a cone? 2) Know that they are vascular and make seeds 1) How are seeds an advantage over spores? Why can they colonize drier habitats? 2) The sporophyte is the dominant generation and photosynthetic. The gametes are pollen and eggs. Where are pollen and egg produced? How does the pollen get to the egg in most conifers? 3) Be able to identify a conifer from a picture. Ch 22-5 Flowering plants - Angiosperms 1) What are the characteristics of flowering plants. 2) Know that they are vascular and make seeds 3) What do seeds consist of? Vocab: seed coat, embryo, food supply 4) Explain the role of the flowers and fruits. How are they advantages over cones. 5) The sporophyte is the dominant generation and photosynthetic. The gametes are pollen and eggs. Where are pollen and egg produced? How does the pollen get to the egg in most angiosperms? 6) Know the parts of the flower and their functions (pg 612) 7) How can you tell monocots from dicots See Back

Ch 23-1 / Specialized Tissues in Plants 1) 2) 3) 4) What are roots leaves stems and their purposes? What are the four types of tissue? What types of cells can be found in ground tissue? Know the root tip diagram (page 585). Know where you can find the root cap, apical meristem and vascular tissue 5) Know the leaf diagram (Page 596). Be able to identify the following structures, guard cells, stomata, vascular tissue, ground tissue (the palisade and spongy mesophyl is the ground tissue), epidermis and cuticle

Monocot Dicot Cotyledon tap root fibrous root dermal tissue vascular tissue meristematic tissue ground tissue collenchymas sclerenchyma parenchyma companion cell sieve tube