SMO(J) Mock Paper

Duration: One hour May 18, 2012

1. Given a trapezium ABCD with AB CD, AB > CD and A + B = 90 . Points M and N are midpoints of AB and CD respectively. Prove that M N = AB CD . 2 2. Around a circle, 5 ones and 4 zeros are arranged in any order. Then, between any two equal digits you write 0 and between any two dierent digits you write 1. Finally, the original digits are wiped out. Can there be an instance where all 9 digits will become 0? 3. For nonnegative reals a, b, c, prove that a b c + + 2. a b+c c

2 1. Given a trapezium ABCD with AB CD, AB > CD and A + B = 90 . Points M and N are midpoints of AB and CD respectively. Prove that M N = AB CD . 2 Solution. Extend AD and BC to meet at point E. We note that E, M , N are collinear because the segment EM must intersect the midpoint of CD since AB CD. Also, AEB = 90 . Hence, we must have EM = AM and EN = CN . Taking the dierence of the two equations, we obtain M N = AM CM = AB CD . 2

2. Around a circle, 5 ones and 4 zeros are arranged in any order. Then, between any two equal digits you write 0 and between any two dierent digits you write 1. Finally, the original digits are wiped out. Can there be an instance where all 9 digits will become 0? Solution. Suppose it is possible. Before the nal state is achieved, all digits must be 1s. Before all digits are 1s, all adjacent digits must be dierent. However this is not possible with an odd number of digits. 3. For nonnegative reals a, b, c, prove that a b c + + 2. a b+c c

Solution. Using AM-GM inequality, we have: c a b c a b+c + + = + + 1 a b+c c a b+c c 31 =2 Equality is achieved when a = c, b = 0.