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2.2.2 Identify the forces acting on an object and draw free-body diagrams representing the forces acting.
Tension A string that is taut is said to be under tension. Therefore we can say tension (T) is the force that arises in any body when it is stretched. (Note that a string or rope that is not taut has zero tension in it).
Figure 2.2.1 - Tension forces Normal Reaction force: If a body touches another body, there is a reaction force(R) between the two bodies. This force is perpendicular to the body exerting the force:
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Figure 2.2.2 - Normal reaction forces Drag Force: Drag forces are forces that oppose the motion of a body through a fluid (gas or liquid). They are directed opposite to the velocity of the body and generally depend on the speed of that body. Higher speed equals higher drag force.
Up thrust: An object placed in a fluid medium will experience up thrust. If the up thrust force on a body is equal to the weight, the body will float in the fluid.
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The realm of physics Measurement & uncertainty Vectors & scalars
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Kinematics Forces and dynamics
Figure 2.2.4 - Up thrust equal to weight and up thrust less than weight
Frictional Forces: Frictional forces (f) are forces that oppose the motion of a body f.
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Figure 2.2.5 - Frictional forces acting on a body Hookes Law: Hookes law states that up to the elastic limit, the extension, x of a spring is proportional to the tension force, F. The constant of proportionality k is called the spring constant. SI units of spring constant are N m-1 . Mathematically, Fx F = Kx
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Figure 2.2.7 shows the free body diagram of an object with three forces acting upon it. In order to determine the resultant force we must add these forces together. This is shown in figure 2.2.8 below:
Figure 2.2.8 - The resultant force Figure 2.2.8 shows the resultant force attained through simple vector addition, for more on vector addition see section 1.3.2.
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