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DISEASE

CAUSATIVE AGENT

INCUBATION PERIOD

MODE OF TRANSMISSION Direct Indirect Airborne Fomites Droplets

PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN

PERIOD OF COMMUNICABILITY

COMPLICATIONS

DIAGNOSTIC TEST

MEDICAL AND NURSING MANAGEMENT Penicillin, Erythromycin Anti toxin Tracheostomy set/ ice collar CBR Strict isolation Strict isolation CBR Erythromycin/ ampicillin

DIPTHERIA Other names: Nasal, Pharyngeal, Laryngeal diptheria PERTUSSIS Other names: Whooping Cough Tusperina No day Cough MUMPS Other names: Epidemic Parotitis, Infectious Parotitis TUBERCULOSIS Other names: Kochs Disease, Pthitis, Consumption disease

Corynebacterium Diptheriae (Klebs Loefflers bacterium) Bordetella Pertussis Bordet Gengou Bacillus Haemophillus Pertussis RNA mumps virus, paramyxoviridae

2-5 days

5-21 days

Droplet LaryngoBronchial secetions Airborne Indirect

Pseudomembrane gray exudates Bullneck Dysphagia, hoarseness of voice aphonia Dypsnea Catarrhal Stage Paroxysmal Stage whooping cough Convalescent stage

2-4 weeks if untreated, 1-2 days if treated

Myocarditis and other heart disease Polyneuritis

Moloneys test Schicks test Nose/throat swab

It varies.

Bronchopenumonia Abdominal Hernia

Bordet Gengou agar test with throat culture

14-25 days

Droplets Fomites Saliva

Painful swelling at the angle of the jaw Fever, Maise, loss of appetite Photophobia

*48 hours after onset of swelling 6 days before swelling and 9 days after swelling subsides Entire duration of the Illness.

Orchitis - Sterility

ELISA enzyme linked immunpsorbent assay

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Koch/ TB bacillus Mycobacterium bovis

2-10 weeks

Airborne-droplet Direct contact in secretions

Hemoptysis Low grade fever in the afternoon Night sweating Anorexia, wt. loss, body malaise, productive dry cough

Miliary type Potts disease

Sputum microscopy (AFB) acid fast bacilli CXR Tuberculin/ Mantoux test PPD, Tine test

Dark glasses Supporter Cortisones Analgesics Cold compress Sedatives Steroids R-ifampicin I-soniazid P-yrazinamide E-thambutol S-treptomycin Respiratory precautions

DISEASE

CAUSATIVE AGENT

INCUBATION PERIOD

MODE OF TRANSMISSION Direct Droplet Airborne Nasopharyngeal discharges Droplet

PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN

PERIOD OF COMMUNICABILITY

COMPLICATIONS

DIAGNOSTIC

MEDICAL AND NURSING MANAGEMENT Isolation TSB CBR

INFLUENZA Other names: La Grippe

PNEUMONIA Types: CAP community Acquired Pneumonia, Nosocomial, Atypical

DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER Other names: H-fever, Dandy fever, breakbone fever, Phil. Hemorrhagic fever

Influenza virus A most common B less severe C- rare Pneumococcus Strep. pneumoniae Staph. Aureus Kleb. Pneumoniae Haemophillus pneumoniae Pneumocytis carinii pneumonia Flavivirus Dengue virus 1,2,3,4 Chikungunya virus

Usually 24 72 hours

Sudden onset of fever and chills Headache Myalgia Arthralgia Rusty Sputum Fever and chills Rhinitis and Coryza Flushed face Chest pain and withdrawing Fast respiration

Limited to 3 days from clinical onset

Seizures Convulsions Encephalitis

Self limiting CBC Urinalysis

2-3 days

It varies.

Convulsions Pulmonary Edema Pulmonary congestion Atelectasis Respiratory Failure

Sputum Examination CXR

Bed rest Adequate nutrition TSB Antibiotics Frequent turning from side to side Oxygen therapy Bronchodilators Oral/ IV fluids CPT

3-10 days

Vectorborne Aedes Aegypti

Flu like symptoms, Arthralgia, myalgia Hermans rash Petechiae Ecchymosis purpura Gum bleeding Hematemesis Melena

1 week of the illness up to when the virus is still present in the blood

st

Hypovolemia shock Hemorrhage Dengue Shock Syndrome

Torniquet test/ rumple leades test/ capillary fragility test Platelet count Specific antigen test

Increase fluid intake IVT, Oresol, CBR, TSB Analgesic and antipyretic No Aspirin, NDCF BT, Supine with legs elevated

LEPTOSPIROSIS Other names: Weils Disease, Mud fever, Trench fever, Flood Fever, Leptospiral Jaundice, Japanese seven days fever, Hemorrhagic Jaundice, Swine herds disease, Canicola fever MALARIA Other names: Ague, King of tropical Disease

Leptospira Interrogans bacterial spirochete L. Manilae, Canicula, Pyrogens

6-15 days

Ingestion of contaminated food and water, Open wound contact with infected rat

ANICTERIC: Fever, conjunctival infection, meningeal irritation ICTERIC: Hepatic and renal manifestation Jaundice, hepatomegaly, Oliguria, anuria

It varies.

Weils syndrome Shock Congestive Heart Failure Coma Kidney failure

Leptospira agglutination test Culture Lumbar tap CBC BUN Creatinine Liver enzymes

Administer fluids and electrolytes B-lactams antibiotic Tetracycline/ Doxycycline Peritoneal dialysis Use of protective clothing and boots Rodent control

Plasmodium Falciparum malignant tertian, most common in Philippines P. Vivax benign tertian P. Ovale Quartan P. Malariae Oriental blood fluke Schistosoma japonicum, hematobium, mansoni

12 30 days

Female anopheles minimus flavirostris

COLD: Recurrent Chills WARM/HOT: Fever, headache WET: Profuse Sweating

1 3 years if untreated but not more than a year in p. falciparum

Hemorrhage or Bleeding Cerebral Malaria: Severe headache Vomiting Seizures

SCHISTOSOMIASIS Other names: Snail fever, Bilharziasis, katayama

2 months

Oncomelania Quadrasi Cercaria Fecal oral transmissions

Swimmers itch/ cerecarial dermatitis Fever, chills, Cough Diarrhea, sweating, Eosinophilia

It varies.

Splenomegaly Hepatomegaly Anemia Katayama fever

Malarial Smear Blood culture (extract blood at the height of fever or 2 hrs before chilling) RDT Rapid Diagnostic test QBC Quantitative buffy coat COPT cercum ova precipitin test (Fecalysis) Kato katz technique ELISA

Chloroquine Primaquine Fansidar Quinine Cinchonism Avoid outdoor night TSB Keep the patient warm Increase fluid intake

Praziquantel (Biltracide) Oxamniquine Merifonate

FILARIASIS Other names: Elephantiasis, Lymphatic Filariasis

Wuchereria Bancrofti (African Eye Worm) Brugia Malayi Brugia Timori -Nematode parasites

8 16 months

Aedes Poecillus, flavirostris

Chills Headache Fever Lymphadenitis Lymphangitis

It varies.

Onchoceriasis Hydrocele Lymphadema Elephantiasis Orchitis

NBE Nocturnal Blood Exam ICT immunochromatic test

DEC Diethylcarbamazine Citrate (Hetrazan) Mosquito repellants Vit. B supplements

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