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Ti Liu Tng Tc Ngi - My MC LC Cu 1: Nu khi nim v tng tc ngi-my (HCI) v vai tr ca n?. 2 Cu 2: S dng m hnh tng tc (Framework) lm g?

? Nu cc thnh phn ca m hnh tng tc? Cc kha cnh phi xem xt trong m hnh tng tc?. 2 Cu 3: Nu cc dng tng tc (bn cht, u nhc im v ng dng)?. 2 Cu 4: WIMP l g (bn cht, u nhc im v ng dng)?. 3 Cu 5: Trnh by khi nim, cc nguyn tc v tnh dng c, (Usability)?. 4 Cu 6: V v gii thch vng i hnh sao trong thit k giao tip ngi-my?. 4 Cu 7: Nu khi nim v m hnh GOMS?. 6 Cu 8: Cho mt v d v m hnh GOMS? a ra cc nh gi v hn ch ca m hnh GOMS?. 6 Cu 9: Nu khi nim v m hnh Keystroke?. 7 Cu 10: Hy nu nguyn tc tnh thi gian thc hin trong m hnh Keystroke?. 7 Cu 11: Hy nu mt s lut heuristic trong m hnh Keytroke?. 7 Cu 12: Nu cc u im v cc hn ch ca m hnh Keystroke?. 8 Cu 13: Nu khi nim v vai tr ca nh gi trong thit k HCI?. 8 Cu 14: Nu khi nim v cc kiu nh gi (ni, thi im thc hin)?. 9 Cu 15: Nu k thut nh gi Cognitive WalkThrough trong giai on thit k?. 10 Cu 16: Nu k thut nh gi Heuristic trong giai on thit k?. 11 Cu 1: Nu khi nim v tng tc ngi-my (HCI) v vai tr ca n? nh ngha: Khng c nh ngha chnh xc v tng tc ngi-my .Tuy nhin, chng ta c th dng hai nh ngha sau: nh ngha 1: Tng tc ngi-my l tp cc qu trnh, i thoi v cc hnh ng, qua ND con ngi s dng v tng tc vi MT (Backer & Buxton, 1987). nh ngha 2 Tng tc ngi-my l mt lnh vc lin quan n thit k, nh gi v ci t H thng MT tng tc cho con ngi s dng v nghin cu cc hin tng chnh xy ra trn (ACMSIGCHI 1992). Vai tr ca HCI: To ra cc H Thng an ton v s dng c (Usability) nh cc H Thng chc nng.Trong Usability (tnh tin dng) l khi nim trong trong HCI c th hiu l lm cho HT d hc v d dng. Cu 2: S dng m hnh tng tc (Framework) lm g? Nu cc thnh phn ca m hnh tng tc? Cc kha cnh phi xem xt trong m hnh tng tc? Tng tc l s giao tip gia ngi dng v h thng. c ci nhn tng quan, ngi ta hay biu din di dng framework (D. Norman), pht trin bi Abowd v Beale. S dng framework (6 ): (1) Thit lp mc ch (user), (2) Hnh thnh ch , (3) c t hnh ng trn giao tip, (4) Thc hin hnh ng, (5) Nhn v gii thch trng thi ca HT (6) nh gi trng thi HT vi mc ch t ra Framework c 4 thnh phn: (1) Ngi dng, (2) u vo, (3) H thng, (4) u ra Cc kha cnh phi xem xt trong m hnh tng tc (5 ): (1) Cng thi hc (ergonomie): nhm /k theo chc nng , tn xut; mi trng, mu sc; (2) D dng, thi gian o to ngn; (3) Thng tin phn hi; (4) Khi phc li, tr v trng thi c; (5) Tnh nht qun, chun ho.

Cu 3: nu cc dng tng tc (bn cht,u nhc im v ng dng) ? C 5 dng tng tc bao gm: (1) Cu hi/ tr li dng truy vn; (2) in theo mu; (3) Ngn ng lnh; (4) Ngn ng t nhin; (5) Menu. *Cu hi/ tr li dng truy vn* Bn cht: Dn dt qua mt lot cu hi. u im (v cht lng): + T nhin + D thit k + Quen thuc (nht l vi ngi dng mi, thiu kinh nghim) Nhc im + Phc tp i vi tnh hung phc tp, thiu tnh tng qut. + Cn nhiu giao tip. *in theo mu* Bn cht: S dng cc khun mu c sn, ch yu dng truy xut DL: nhp, trch rt. Mn hnh ging nh khun mu. u im (v cht lng): + T nhin, quen thuc, d thit k, c ch dn cn thit. + D dng thay i khi cn. Nhc im: + Thiu sng to ca ngi dng + Ti cao vi H Thng, mng. *Ngn ng lnh* Bn cht: L loi giao tip c s dng sm nht v n nay vn cn kh ph dng (mi trng VB). N cung cp phng tin biu din lnh trc tip cho my tnh thng qua cc phm chc nang, k t n, t vit tt hay y . u im (v cht lng): + Thch hp vi nhim v c tnh lp + Thch hp vi ND c knghim do tnh ngn gn, nhanh v d hiu ca cu lnh. Nhc im: + Cn phi o to. + Sai st cao. + Kh x l tnh hung li. *Ngn ng t nhin* Bn cht: S dng ngn ng t nhin trong HCI. y c th l phng tin hp dn nht trong giao tip vi my tnh v ngi s dng kh c th nh dng lnh hay qun mt cc mc phn cp ca menu. Ngn ng t nhin vi 2 dng: ch vit v li ni u rt c quan tm v nghin cu. u im (v cht lng): + T nhin, khng tn cng o to. + D thch ng, sa li d.

Nhc im: + Khng r rng: c php, cu trc, cu c th khng r + Di, ti cao. *Menu* Bn cht: Menu l tp cc la chn c th cho ND c hin trn mn hnh v c chn bi chut, phm s hay phm ch ci. C nhiu mc khc nhau: 1, 2 hay nhiu mc. Dng: cy, mng, ko th (pull-down hay pop up), ng cnh, tch ri, chng cho, . u im (v cht lng): D hc, d dng v c nhiu la chn. C hng dn, t nh. Thch hp vi ND khng thng xuyn. Nhc im: Tn khng gian nh mn hnh. Thng tin c th b che du trong cc menu con. Chm vi NSD thnh tho. *Cu 4: WIMP l g (bn cht, u nhc im v ng dng)?*** Bn cht: WIMP l kiu giao tip trong tng tc gia con ngi v my tnh c s kt hp ca VB v ho bao gm 4 thnh phn: (1) Windows: nh mn hnh c lp, c th cha Text hay ho. Kch thc c th thay i v iu chnh; (2) Biu tng (Icons): tranh hay hnh nh thu nh v a dng; (3) Menu: tp cc la chn c th cho ND c hin trn mn hnh; (4) Con tr (Pointers): L 1 thnh phn quan trng v WIMP dng ch yu nh v v la chn. Dng con tr c ngha gn vi hnh ng.Ngoi ra, c th b sung : phm lnh, thanh cng c, spinner, hp hi thoi, check box. . Hin nay WIMP l dng ngm nh ca nhiu loi MT: PC hay Desktop u im (v cht lng): + Tt, d hc, t nh. + Tnh ch ng ca ND cao, gim sai st Nhc im: + Kh lp trnh, ti cao. (v Mn hnh ho) + Chm vi ND c kinh nghim. *Cu 5: Trnh by khi nim, cc nguyn tc v tnh dng c, (Usability)?*** Usability (tnh tin dng, hay tnh dng c) l khi nim trong trong HCI c th hiu l lm cho HT d hc v d dng.

Cc nguyn tc cho tnh dng c: Tnh d hc (learnability): p dng cho ngi mi t vic giao tip c hiu qu => hon thnh vi hiu sut ti a. Mm do (flexibility): ngi dng v h thng c th giao tip vi nhau theo nhiu cch thc Vng chc (robustness): mc h tr cho ngi dng xc nh vic thc hin thnh cng v nh gi hnh vi c iu khin Tnh d on (predictability): Xc nh hiu qu ca cc hnh ng tng lai da vo lch s giao tip qua. Tnh thn thin (familiarity): c cn cc tri thc khi s dng h thng mi Tnh tng hp: thay i mu sc dn n thay i trng thi ca mt s thnh phn ca h thng Tnh khi qut (generalizability): m rng cc tri thc ring cho tnh hung mi Tnh nht qun (consistency): s tng t ca trng thi vo ra cho cc tnh hung ging nhau hay cc nhim v ch Tnh khi qut ho v n nh: tnh n nh thng tng i i vi mt s c trng khc ca tng tc gia ND v H thng. *Cu 6: V v gii thch vng i hnh sao trong thit k giao tip ngi-my?*** Vng i trong CNPM l tng i tuyn tnh (v d nh m hnh thc nc bao gm cc hot ng nh: c t yu cu ngi dng, Thit k kin trc, Thit k chi tit, Lp trnh v kim th, Tch hp v kim th, Khai thc v bo tr), trong khi vng i hnh sao li khng hon ton nh vy v: th nht, trong vng i hnh sao th ngi dng l trung tm v c nh hng n h thng; th hai, n l s tch hp tri thc v chuyn gia t nhiu lnh vc v th ba, n c tnh lp cao. Hnh di y l Vng i hnh sao ca HCI (Hix & Hartson,1993) / Vng i hnh sao ca HCI (Hix & Hartson,1993)/ *c t yu cu ngi s dng* Ngi thit k v khch hng c gng thu tm nhng ci hy vng h thng s phi cung cp Vic c t ny c th biu din bi ngn ng t nhin hay cc ngn ng chuyn dng khc nh ngn ng phn tch nhim v *Thit k logic/ vt l* Thit k kin trc (architectural design): M t mc cao: h thng s cung cp cc dch v yu cu nh th no Chia h thng thnh cc thnh phn chnh v m t mi lin h gia cc thnh phn . Cn p ng c 2 loi yu cu: chc nng v phi chc nng Thit k chi tit (Detailed design)

Tinh chnh cc thnh phn kin trc v cc mi quan h xc lp cc m-un nhm ci t mt cch ring bit Vic tinh chnh c qun tr bi cc thnh phn phi chc nng *Mu th* Mu th l s bt chc hay m hnh, thng dng cho mt HT cn cha tn ti M phng hay minh ho mt s c trng ca h thng Vic s dng mu th nhm: lm mn c t, lm mn thit k, so snh cc thit k, t thit k, chng minh cho mt tng hoc thc hin kinh nghim C nhiu kiu mu th nh: Tung gia (Throw - away), Gia tng (incremental), Tin ho (evolutionary) *Ci t* *Phn tch nhim v/ chc nng* *nh gi*

*Cu 7: Nu khi nim v m hnh GOMS?*** *Khi nim*: GOMS l m hnh miu t phn ng, to ra tnh tng thch vi ch th con ngi. GOMS cho php m hnh ho s phn ng nhiu cp tru tng, t nhim v ti cc hnh ng vt l. GOMS s dng nguyn tc v tnh hp l ca m hnh b x l con ngi nh im bt u: ng gp c bn l mt cu trc hnh thc cho php t chc qu trnh quan nim. GOMS bao gm: Goal, Operator, Methods v Selection l *Goal* l mc ch m ngi dng mun thc hin. l mt cu trc k php nh ngha mt trng thi mong mun, bao gm nhiu ch con (mc tiu c s). Mt mc tiu c s t c khi tin hnh mt chui cc hnh ng (Operators). Cc mc tiu c phn cp to nn mt cy m cc l l cc hnh ng. l *Operator* l cc thao tc c bn ca ngi dng nh: nhn phm, r chut, suy ngh, ...vv ,nhm thay i trng thi (trng thi tm l ca ngi dng hay trng thi mi trng). Mt hnh ng c nh gi qua cc ton hng vo, ra v thi gian cn thit thc hin. Hnh ng c th l c ch tm l hay c th ca mi trng. l *Method*: phn r mc ch thnh cc mc ch con/thao tc con.

Phng thc m t cch thc t mc ch. N c biu din di dng mt chui c iu kin cc mc tiu v hnh ng ly t b nh ngn hn. N khng phi l k hoach hnh ng hon thnh nhim v m l kt qu ca kinh nghim c tch lu. l *Selection*: la chn cc phng php c biu din di dng: Nu iu kin th chn phng php M *Cu 8: Cho mt v d v m hnh GOMS? a ra cc nh gi v hn ch ca m hnh GOMS?*** *V d:* dch chuyn con tr trong mt h son tho vn bn. Ngi dng c th dng chut hay bn phm. Gi s c 2 phng php M1 v M2. M2 dng khi khong cch ln v thng dng chut, ngc li khi khong cch nh dng M1 vi bn phm. l M1: Di chut n v tr ch ri chn l M2: chng no con tr cha ng hng nhn , chng no con tr cha ng v tr nhn ( ) Hai nguyn tc chn R1 v R2: l R1: Nu v tr cn t xa th dng M1 l R2: Nu v tr cn t gn th dng M2 *nh gi* (J.Coutaz) l GOMS ch l m hnh hiu nng theo ngha lin quan n kha cnh phng thc ca quan nim v k thut nh gi. l GOMS a ra phng thc quan nim ging nh cc nh tin hc thc hin. S m hnh ho mt nhim v c th c tinh ch hay bin i t cc thnh phn to ra l Cung cp cho cc nh thit k nhng h tr hnh thc nh gi trc hi nng.

*Hn ch ca GOMS* l GOMS khng h tr l thuyt cu trc ho nhim v

l Trong GOMS , cc hin tng c quan st l s hon thnh nhim v vi gi thit l cc thao tc khng c li. Song li li l iu kh trnh. l GOMS qu gin lc *Cu 9: Nu khi nim v m hnh Keystroke?*** *Khi nim:* Keystroke l m hnh con ca GOMS, lin quan ti cc mt c php, t vng ca tng tc. Nhng thnh phn ca n l cc hnh ng mc vt l m ngi dng phi thc hin . Gi thit: bi ton pht biu Keystroke vi gi thit sau: l Mt nhim v c th phn tch thnh cc nhim v con l Ngn ng iu khin hnh ng l Cc thng s v kh nng vn ng ca ngi dng *Cc thao tc chnh trong m hnh Keystroke: * l K (keystroking): g phm hay nhn chut l P (pointing): ch nh l H (homming): thay i cng c l D (drawing): hot ng v l M (mental activity): hot ng suy ngh l R (response time): thi gian tr li ca h thng *Cu 10: Hy nu nguyn tc tnh thi gian thc hin trong m hnh Keystroke?*** Thi gian thc hin mt nhim v l tng thi gian thc hin mi loi thao tc: Texec = TK + TP + TH + TD + TM + TR vi: *Thao tc K:* biu din hnh ng g phm hay nhp chut. Vic tnh TK l kh phc tp v n ph thuc vo nt bm, bn phm v thi quen ca ND. C th tnh mt cch xp x nh sau: TK = (Thi gian test/ s phm bm) *Thao tc P:* biu din vic di chuyn con tr ti ch. TP c tnh theo lut Fitt: TP = (K0 - TK) + Ilog2(D/L)+0.5 Thay K0 - TK bi 0.2s, ta c TP ti thiu l 0.8s, ti a l 1.5s (vi D/L=128) => trung bnh l 1.1s *Thao tc H:* biu din vic thay i cng c vt l. TH l thi gian bn tay vi ti cng c v nm chc cng c . Theo kinh nghim TH = 0.4s. *Thao tc D:* biu din vic dng chut v ln mn hnh. TD ph thuc

tuyn tnh vo s lng nt v v di nt v. TD c tnh: TD = 0.9n + 0.161 *Thao tc M:* biu din hot ng tm l ngi dng cn c khi thc hin thao tc vt l K, P, H hay D. Theo kinh nghim, TM = 1.35. *Thao tc R:* TR l thi gian x l tr li ca h thng. Th d: tnh thi gian thc hin lnh ls ca Unix, ta c cc thao tc sau: Bn phm: M K(l) K(s) K(enter) Chut: H(chut) M (chut) K (ntchut) H(bn phm) *Cu 11: Hy nu m**t s lut heuristic trong m hnh Keytroke?*** Thao tc M biu din hot ng tm l ngi dng cn c khi thc hin thao tc vt l K, P, H hay D do M ph thuc vo cc thao tc vt l v kh nng ca ngi dng, n l tham s vi mi ngi dng. Mt s lut heuristic nh sau: *Lut 0:* t M trc tt c cc K khng phi v tr bt u ca chui. t M trc mt P nu tng ng vi vic ch ra mt tn iu khin. *Lut 1:* Lc b M nu thao tc tip theo c th tnh trc khi ang thc hin thao tc trc M. Th d, chui PMK, vi K biu din hnh ng nhn nt chut th loi b M v hnh ng tm l cho K c th tnh trong khi ang trong P. *Lut 2:* Nu mt chui c dng MKMKMK, ta loi b tt c cc M tr M u tin. *Lut 3:* Nu K l mt k t kt thc rm r, loi b M ng trc K (/mt k t kt thc rm r nu n theo sau mt k t kt thc khc) */ *Lut 4:* Nu K xc nh mt hng s, loi b M ng trc K; nu K xc nh mt bin th bo lu M. Nhng lut ny xc nh cch tnh xp x s cc hot ng ca mt phng thc. N to nn mt c s thm vo cc heuristic c th hn ph thuc lp ND. *Cu 12: Nu cc u im v cc hn ch ca m hnh Keystroke?*** Keystroke tha k cc c tnh ca GOMS c v u im ln hn ch *u im* l L cng c cho php phn tch nh lng tin on hiu nng vi ND trong mt c php c th. Th d, Keystroke khng nh vic hin th c trang vn bn s nhanh hn theo dng, chn t bng chut nhanh hn bng bn phm. l Tnh n gin. h thng thut ng v k thut m hnh ho d hiu vi

ngi khng chuyn tm l nhn thc. *Hn ch* l Vic thay th thao tc M l kh rc ri, n nh khong ngh gia 2 thao tc => khng c th l Khng c th trong lng gi l Thi gian tr li ca HT l Keystroke khng phn bit phm bm. Tuy nhin c s khc bit gia cc phm thng thng v phm c bit l Khng quan tm n vn thng thng thng ca ND l Keystroke ch nh gi thi gian thc hin ch khng nh gi tng thi gian hon thnh nhim v (thi gian hon thnh nhim v l tng thi gian thu thp v thi gian thc hin). Keystroke ch quan tm mc t vng v phng thc gii quyt nhim v. *Cu 13: Nu khi nim v vai tr ca nh gi trong thit k HCI?*** nh gi khng phi l mt giai on trong qu trnh thit k m l nhim v trung tm ca qu trnh thit k. N din ra trong sut vng i ca HCI. nh gi l thu thp d liu kim tra v tnh dng c ca thit k. Ba mc ch chnh ca nh gi: l Khng nh tnh m rng cc chc nng ca h thng l Khng nh tnh hiu qu ca giao tip l Xc nh mt s vn c bit ny sinh trong qu trnh s dng Chc nng ca HT l quan trng: c p ng vi c t yu cu ND khng? Thit k HT phi c kh nng p ng cc nhim v t ra mt cch d dng: l Hnh ng m ND cn thc hin nhim v l nh gi kh nng s dng ca HT vi ci m ND mong i Tnh hiu qu ca giao tip ND: l Lng ho c cc tiu ch ca thit k vi ND l Tnh d hc l Tnh s dng li l Trng thi ca ND l Xc nh cc lnh vc ca TK cht ln ngi dng theo mt cch no Mt s vn ny sinh trong qu trnh TK: l Sc thi ca TK khi cha c s dng c to nn kt qu khng mong i? l V c 2 vn : chc nng v tnh dng c

*Cu 14: Nu khi nim v cc kiu nh gi (ni, thi im thc hin)?*** nh gi bao gm 4 kiu sau: (1) nh gi trong PTN; (2) nh gi thc nghim; (3) nh gi trong giai on TK v (4) nh gi trong giai on ci t *nh gi trong phng th nghim* l Ni tin hnh: trong PTN l Dng trong giai on TK l Ngi TK thc hin mt s khng nh khng cn/c s hin din ca ND. l Cc trang b cn thit c th c yu cu nh thit b nghe nhn, thit b ghi,... *nh gi trong thc nghim* Dng trong giai on TK hay ci t Vic nh gi thc hin trong mi trng ND nhm nh gi HT trong hot ng v trng thi ND. Hn ch: ting n, chuyn ng => mt tp trung Do mi trng t nhin nn khch quan nh gi c cc hot ng thng ngy, thng, => c a chung. *nh gi trong giai on TK* l Mc ch: Dng trong giai on TK => trnh c mt s sai st ng tic Cc sai st pht hin c trong giai on cui s lm gim chi ph Mt s phng php nh gi s c d on l Cc k thut: Cognitive WalkThrough nh gi kiu Heuristic nh gi da vo m hnh nh gi da vo xem xt li *nh gi ci t* l C s hin din ca ND v h thng c ci t l C th s dng m phng hay mu th l 3 k thut chnh: nh gi thc nghim K thut quan st K thut hi p* *

*Cu 15: Nu k thut nh gi Cognitive WalkThrough trong giai on thit k?***

*Khi nim:* L phng php c tnh d on kiu Review nhm pht hin vn t rt sm. Xy dng cc nh ngha t cc nhim v c t HT hoc t mn hnh "mock-up": t mn hnh ny qua mn hnh khc. Ngi nh gi duyt qua mt chui hnh ng kim tra tnh dng c. Mc ch chnh ca k thut ny l thit lp tnh d hc v d dng ca h thng. *4 bc cn tin hnh:* l Mt m t v nguyn mu ca HT, khng cn y song cng nn kh chi tit th d nh v tr v ngn t cho menu l Mt m t v nhim v m ND phi thc hin. Nhim v phi mang tnh tiu biu, ci m ND hay lm l Mt danh sch chi tit cc hnh ng cn thit hon thnh nhim v theo nguyn mu l Mt ch dn v ND l ai v cc tri thc, kinh nghim m ngi nh gi c th gi nh. Vi thng tin trn, ngi nh gi thc hin chui cc hnh ng v a ra cc kin v tnh dng c. Vi mi hnh ng, ngi nh gi c gng tr li *4 cu hi:* 1 ND c to ra bt c tc ng g trn hnh ng ? Nhng khng nh v nhim v m hnh ng c h tr ng theo kinh nghim v tri thc ca ND trn tng tc . l ND c kh nng hnh ng ng l c?. Th d, ND c nhn thy phm hay mt mc ca menu, qua hnh ng tip l ang thc hin bi HT. iu ny c ngha l ND s thy phm (hay mc ) ti thi im h cn (Khng nht thit phi bit). l Khi ND tm thy mt hnh ng ng trn giao tip liu h c bit l ci duy nht ng cho mc ch m h c to ra? C th l mt phm lnh/ mc menu quan st c nhng liu ND c bit l ci m h cn hon thnh nhim v. l Sau khi hnh ng tin hnh, ND s hiu phn hi ca HT? Gi s rng ND chn ng hnh ng, h s bit tip ci g? l vic hon thnh chu trnh tng tc nh gi/thc hin. *Hnh thc tin hnh:* Cognitive Walkthrough start-up sheet: Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Evaluator: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . Task Description: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Action Sequence: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anticiopated User: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . User's inition Goal: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Next action #: --------------- Description ---------

1. Correction goal 2. Problem forming Correction goals 3. Problem identifying Action 4. Problem performing the action *Cu 16: Nu k thut nh gi Heuristic trong giai on thit k?*** *Khi nim:* L cc nguyn tc chung hay cc guidline c th tr gip mt quyt nh trong TK. Do Jacob Nielsen v Rolf Molich xut -Dng trong giai on u ca TK nhm c nh tnh dng c - tng chnh l nhiu nh gi c lp c tin hnh kim tra tnh dng c *9 mu mo:* 1) i thoi n gin v t nhin n gin: s dng t thng tin T nhin: lnh gn vi yu cu 2) Ni ngn ng ND S dng cch ni ca ND Khng dng thut ng cng ngh c bit 3) Gim ti ti thiu cho b nh ND Khng bt ND phi nh cho hnh ng tip sau Lu li thng tin trn mn hnh cho n khi ND khng cn na 4) Tnh nht qun 5) Phn hi thng tin 6) X l tnh hung thot: khi ND gp 1 tnh hung m h khng cn => cung cp li thot 7) To li tt: Gip ngi dng c kinh nghim trnh nhng i thoi v thng tin khng cn thit 8) C thng bo li tt 9) D bo li. *10 qui nh:* 1) Thy c cc trng thi ca HT: HT lun cho ND thy ci h s lm qua thng tin phn hi trong thi gian hp l 2) S t do v qun l ND: ND c th gp li, do vy phi c thot khn cp 3) D bo li 4) Chun ho v nht qun 5) i snh HT vi th gii thc 6) Nhn bit ch khng phi nh li: to cho i tng, hnh ng v cc la chn d dng nhn bit bi ND ch khng cn nh. 7) S dng hiu qu v mm do: Dng c cho c ND c/khng c kinh nghim 8) Thit k n gin v c thm m

9) Tr gip ND nhn bit, i thoi v phc hi t trng thi li 10) Tr gip v ti liu

GOMS
Bi tp v d: Xy dng mt m t GOMS v nhim v photocopy mt bi bo (article) t mt tp ch (journal). Tho lun v im dng trong m t GOMS . Tr li: Cu tr li ph thuc vo nhng gi thit v my photocopy c s dng trong m hnh. Trong v d di, chng ta gi s rng bi bo c copy mi ln mt trang v qu trnh copy c thc hin thng qua mt b m (khay). Ta thc hin sao chp ni dung hnh nh ca bn copy t vo khay (bn cover), sau mi thc hin copy bn copy thc s. GOAL: PHOTOCOPY PAPER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GOAL: LOCATE ARTICLE GOAL: PHOTOCOPY PAGE - lp cho n tn khi ht cc trang . . . . . . . . . . . . . GOAL: ORIENT PAGE . . . . . . OPEN COVER SELECT PAGE POSITION PAGE CLOSE COVER LOCATE OUT TRAY EXAMINE COPY

GOAL: VERIFY COPY

GOAL: COLLECT COPY LOCATE OUT TRAY REMOVE COPY (ch ngoi t c) OPEN COVER REMOVE JOURNAL CLOSE - COVER

GOAL: RETRIEVE JOURNAL

Vn im dng xy ra khi bn copy ca bi bo b remove khi khay ca my copy, tho mn mc ch tng th ca nhim v. Tuy nhin, trong m t trn, ta thy rng

bi bo gc vn nm trong b nh ca my copy, khi m bn cover c ng li. Ngi s dng s rt d qun vic remove tp ch ra khi my. Vy th tc copy trn c th c thay i nh th no gii quyt vn ny? Gii php l thc hin ch RETRIEVE JOURNAL trc khi thc hin ch COLLECT COPY.

Phn tch nhim v phn cp


V d 1: Biu din phn tch cng vic Ht bi bng k php vit li: 0. Mc ch: Ht bi trong nh 1. Ly my ht bi 2. Lp cc ph tng 3. Thc hin ht bi 3.1. Ht bi ngoi hnh lang 3.2. Ht bi trong phng khch 3.3. Ht bi trong phng ng 4. ti cha bi 5. Tho cc ph tng v ct my + Plan 0 (K hoch 0): -Th hin cch thc hin cc nhim v t 1 n 5 ca ch 0. -Thc hin cc cng vic 1 2 3 5 theo trnht . - Khi ti cha bi y th thc hin cng vic 4. +Plan 3 (K hoch 3): - Th hin cch thc hin cc nhim v t 3.1 n 3.3. - Thc hin cc nhim v 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 theo th t bt k,ph thuc vo nhu cu. Cc nhim v 1,2 v 4: khng c k hoch thc hin v cc nhim

v ny khng cn phn r. Dng ha

V d 2: Phn tch nhim v pha tr. K php Nhim v pha tr c th phn r thnh 6 nhim v con, bao gm cc nhim v sau: 0. Mc ch: Pha tr 1. un si nc 1.1 Cho nc vo siu 1.2 t siu ln bp 1.3 i nc si 1.4 Tt bp 2. Trng m pha tr 3. Pha tr 3.1. m pha tr ang cn m (ch khng pha tr khi m ngui) 3.2 Cho tr vo m 3.3 Cho nc si vo

i 4 hoc 5 pht Rt tr 5.1. Cho sa vo tch 5.2. Cho tr vo tch 5.3. Mi khch - Plan 0 : Do 1 ng thi xem, nu m pha tr cn tr c (y) then 2 then 3-4 sau 4 hoc 5 pht Do 6. - Plan 1 : 1.1-1.2-1.3 khi siu un nc si 1.4 - Plan 3: theo th t ln lt 3.1 3.2 - .3.3. - Plan 5: 5.1 v 5.2 c th o nhau, sau l 5.3 T nhng kt qu phn tch trn, chng ta c s phn cp nhim v ca nhim v pha tr c biu din nh sau:
0.Pha tr

4. 5.

Plan 0 Do 1 ng thi xem, nu m pha tr y then 2 then 3-4 sau 4 hoc 5 pht do 6

1. un nc

2. Trng m pha tr

3. Pha tr

4. i 4/5 pht

5. Rt tr Plan 5. 5 5.1 2 Tch rng N ? Y Rt mi khch 5.3

Plan 1 1.1-1.2-1.3 khi siu nc si 1.4 5.1 Cho sa vo tch Plan 3: 3.1-3.2=3.3 3.1-3.2-3.3 3.2 Cho tr vo m

5.2 Cho tr vo tch

5.3 mi khch

3.1 m pha tr ang con m 1.1 Cho nc vo siu

3.3 Cho nc si vo m

1.2 t siu ln bp

1.3 i nc si

1.4 Tt bp

USTM/CUSTOM

Vi d: Mt sn bay quc t ang xem xt vic xy dng mt h thng bn v mi lin kt cc i l bn v bn v trc tip n khch hng. Hy phn loi cc nhm ngi gp c phn trong h thng bn v ny. Nhm th nht: nhn vin i l bn v, nhn vin bn v Nhm th hai: cc khch hng, nhn vin qun l Nhm th ba: cc i th cnh tranh, cc c quan hng khng dn dng, Nhm th t: nhm thit k, nhn vin phng IT

nhng ngi bn du lch ca khch hng, cc c ng

Keystrock-KLM
6 thao tc m t vic thc hin mt nhim v c bn trong KLM: - K Keystroking: G phm hay nhn chut. - P Pointing: Di chuyn con tr chut ti mt im trn mn hnh. - H Homing: Thay i cng c. - D Drawing: Hnh ng v . - M Mental activity: Hnh ng suy ngh . - R Respond Time: Thi gian p ng ca h thng. Hai hnh ng ph: -B: hnh ng nhn n trn phm chut (khong0.1s). - BB: hnh ng nhn kp phm chut (khong 0.2s). Tng thigian thc hin mt thao tc: Texe = TK + TP + TH + TD + TM + TR - K : hnh ng nhn phm trn bn phm hay phm chut. T K : t 0.28s 1.2s , trung bnh khong 0.75s. Ngi nh my chuyn nghi p: 0.12 s Ngi khng quen bn phm: 1.2s Thi gian g ln lt n phm: T(n) = n x T. - P: hnh ng di chuyn con tr ti ch. TP : c tnh theo lut Fitts. TP : 0.8s 1.5s . Trung bnh gi tr ny l 1.1s - H: hnh ng thay i cng c (t bn phm sang chut v ngc li).

TH = 0.4s D: hnh ng v dng chut. TD : ph thuc vo s lng nt v . TD = 0.9n + 0.161vi n l s nt v . - M: hot ng tm l ngi dng cn c khi thc hin cc thao tc vt l K, P, H hay D. TM : 0. 6s 1. 35s. Trung bnh l khong 1.2s - R: Thi gian ch i s phn hi ca h thng .

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