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? Nu cc thnh phn ca m hnh tng tc? Cc kha cnh phi xem xt trong m hnh tng tc?. 2 Cu 3: Nu cc dng tng tc (bn cht, u nhc im v ng dng)?. 2 Cu 4: WIMP l g (bn cht, u nhc im v ng dng)?. 3 Cu 5: Trnh by khi nim, cc nguyn tc v tnh dng c, (Usability)?. 4 Cu 6: V v gii thch vng i hnh sao trong thit k giao tip ngi-my?. 4 Cu 7: Nu khi nim v m hnh GOMS?. 6 Cu 8: Cho mt v d v m hnh GOMS? a ra cc nh gi v hn ch ca m hnh GOMS?. 6 Cu 9: Nu khi nim v m hnh Keystroke?. 7 Cu 10: Hy nu nguyn tc tnh thi gian thc hin trong m hnh Keystroke?. 7 Cu 11: Hy nu mt s lut heuristic trong m hnh Keytroke?. 7 Cu 12: Nu cc u im v cc hn ch ca m hnh Keystroke?. 8 Cu 13: Nu khi nim v vai tr ca nh gi trong thit k HCI?. 8 Cu 14: Nu khi nim v cc kiu nh gi (ni, thi im thc hin)?. 9 Cu 15: Nu k thut nh gi Cognitive WalkThrough trong giai on thit k?. 10 Cu 16: Nu k thut nh gi Heuristic trong giai on thit k?. 11 Cu 1: Nu khi nim v tng tc ngi-my (HCI) v vai tr ca n? nh ngha: Khng c nh ngha chnh xc v tng tc ngi-my .Tuy nhin, chng ta c th dng hai nh ngha sau: nh ngha 1: Tng tc ngi-my l tp cc qu trnh, i thoi v cc hnh ng, qua ND con ngi s dng v tng tc vi MT (Backer & Buxton, 1987). nh ngha 2 Tng tc ngi-my l mt lnh vc lin quan n thit k, nh gi v ci t H thng MT tng tc cho con ngi s dng v nghin cu cc hin tng chnh xy ra trn (ACMSIGCHI 1992). Vai tr ca HCI: To ra cc H Thng an ton v s dng c (Usability) nh cc H Thng chc nng.Trong Usability (tnh tin dng) l khi nim trong trong HCI c th hiu l lm cho HT d hc v d dng. Cu 2: S dng m hnh tng tc (Framework) lm g? Nu cc thnh phn ca m hnh tng tc? Cc kha cnh phi xem xt trong m hnh tng tc? Tng tc l s giao tip gia ngi dng v h thng. c ci nhn tng quan, ngi ta hay biu din di dng framework (D. Norman), pht trin bi Abowd v Beale. S dng framework (6 ): (1) Thit lp mc ch (user), (2) Hnh thnh ch , (3) c t hnh ng trn giao tip, (4) Thc hin hnh ng, (5) Nhn v gii thch trng thi ca HT (6) nh gi trng thi HT vi mc ch t ra Framework c 4 thnh phn: (1) Ngi dng, (2) u vo, (3) H thng, (4) u ra Cc kha cnh phi xem xt trong m hnh tng tc (5 ): (1) Cng thi hc (ergonomie): nhm /k theo chc nng , tn xut; mi trng, mu sc; (2) D dng, thi gian o to ngn; (3) Thng tin phn hi; (4) Khi phc li, tr v trng thi c; (5) Tnh nht qun, chun ho.
Cu 3: nu cc dng tng tc (bn cht,u nhc im v ng dng) ? C 5 dng tng tc bao gm: (1) Cu hi/ tr li dng truy vn; (2) in theo mu; (3) Ngn ng lnh; (4) Ngn ng t nhin; (5) Menu. *Cu hi/ tr li dng truy vn* Bn cht: Dn dt qua mt lot cu hi. u im (v cht lng): + T nhin + D thit k + Quen thuc (nht l vi ngi dng mi, thiu kinh nghim) Nhc im + Phc tp i vi tnh hung phc tp, thiu tnh tng qut. + Cn nhiu giao tip. *in theo mu* Bn cht: S dng cc khun mu c sn, ch yu dng truy xut DL: nhp, trch rt. Mn hnh ging nh khun mu. u im (v cht lng): + T nhin, quen thuc, d thit k, c ch dn cn thit. + D dng thay i khi cn. Nhc im: + Thiu sng to ca ngi dng + Ti cao vi H Thng, mng. *Ngn ng lnh* Bn cht: L loi giao tip c s dng sm nht v n nay vn cn kh ph dng (mi trng VB). N cung cp phng tin biu din lnh trc tip cho my tnh thng qua cc phm chc nang, k t n, t vit tt hay y . u im (v cht lng): + Thch hp vi nhim v c tnh lp + Thch hp vi ND c knghim do tnh ngn gn, nhanh v d hiu ca cu lnh. Nhc im: + Cn phi o to. + Sai st cao. + Kh x l tnh hung li. *Ngn ng t nhin* Bn cht: S dng ngn ng t nhin trong HCI. y c th l phng tin hp dn nht trong giao tip vi my tnh v ngi s dng kh c th nh dng lnh hay qun mt cc mc phn cp ca menu. Ngn ng t nhin vi 2 dng: ch vit v li ni u rt c quan tm v nghin cu. u im (v cht lng): + T nhin, khng tn cng o to. + D thch ng, sa li d.
Nhc im: + Khng r rng: c php, cu trc, cu c th khng r + Di, ti cao. *Menu* Bn cht: Menu l tp cc la chn c th cho ND c hin trn mn hnh v c chn bi chut, phm s hay phm ch ci. C nhiu mc khc nhau: 1, 2 hay nhiu mc. Dng: cy, mng, ko th (pull-down hay pop up), ng cnh, tch ri, chng cho, . u im (v cht lng): D hc, d dng v c nhiu la chn. C hng dn, t nh. Thch hp vi ND khng thng xuyn. Nhc im: Tn khng gian nh mn hnh. Thng tin c th b che du trong cc menu con. Chm vi NSD thnh tho. *Cu 4: WIMP l g (bn cht, u nhc im v ng dng)?*** Bn cht: WIMP l kiu giao tip trong tng tc gia con ngi v my tnh c s kt hp ca VB v ho bao gm 4 thnh phn: (1) Windows: nh mn hnh c lp, c th cha Text hay ho. Kch thc c th thay i v iu chnh; (2) Biu tng (Icons): tranh hay hnh nh thu nh v a dng; (3) Menu: tp cc la chn c th cho ND c hin trn mn hnh; (4) Con tr (Pointers): L 1 thnh phn quan trng v WIMP dng ch yu nh v v la chn. Dng con tr c ngha gn vi hnh ng.Ngoi ra, c th b sung : phm lnh, thanh cng c, spinner, hp hi thoi, check box. . Hin nay WIMP l dng ngm nh ca nhiu loi MT: PC hay Desktop u im (v cht lng): + Tt, d hc, t nh. + Tnh ch ng ca ND cao, gim sai st Nhc im: + Kh lp trnh, ti cao. (v Mn hnh ho) + Chm vi ND c kinh nghim. *Cu 5: Trnh by khi nim, cc nguyn tc v tnh dng c, (Usability)?*** Usability (tnh tin dng, hay tnh dng c) l khi nim trong trong HCI c th hiu l lm cho HT d hc v d dng.
Cc nguyn tc cho tnh dng c: Tnh d hc (learnability): p dng cho ngi mi t vic giao tip c hiu qu => hon thnh vi hiu sut ti a. Mm do (flexibility): ngi dng v h thng c th giao tip vi nhau theo nhiu cch thc Vng chc (robustness): mc h tr cho ngi dng xc nh vic thc hin thnh cng v nh gi hnh vi c iu khin Tnh d on (predictability): Xc nh hiu qu ca cc hnh ng tng lai da vo lch s giao tip qua. Tnh thn thin (familiarity): c cn cc tri thc khi s dng h thng mi Tnh tng hp: thay i mu sc dn n thay i trng thi ca mt s thnh phn ca h thng Tnh khi qut (generalizability): m rng cc tri thc ring cho tnh hung mi Tnh nht qun (consistency): s tng t ca trng thi vo ra cho cc tnh hung ging nhau hay cc nhim v ch Tnh khi qut ho v n nh: tnh n nh thng tng i i vi mt s c trng khc ca tng tc gia ND v H thng. *Cu 6: V v gii thch vng i hnh sao trong thit k giao tip ngi-my?*** Vng i trong CNPM l tng i tuyn tnh (v d nh m hnh thc nc bao gm cc hot ng nh: c t yu cu ngi dng, Thit k kin trc, Thit k chi tit, Lp trnh v kim th, Tch hp v kim th, Khai thc v bo tr), trong khi vng i hnh sao li khng hon ton nh vy v: th nht, trong vng i hnh sao th ngi dng l trung tm v c nh hng n h thng; th hai, n l s tch hp tri thc v chuyn gia t nhiu lnh vc v th ba, n c tnh lp cao. Hnh di y l Vng i hnh sao ca HCI (Hix & Hartson,1993) / Vng i hnh sao ca HCI (Hix & Hartson,1993)/ *c t yu cu ngi s dng* Ngi thit k v khch hng c gng thu tm nhng ci hy vng h thng s phi cung cp Vic c t ny c th biu din bi ngn ng t nhin hay cc ngn ng chuyn dng khc nh ngn ng phn tch nhim v *Thit k logic/ vt l* Thit k kin trc (architectural design): M t mc cao: h thng s cung cp cc dch v yu cu nh th no Chia h thng thnh cc thnh phn chnh v m t mi lin h gia cc thnh phn . Cn p ng c 2 loi yu cu: chc nng v phi chc nng Thit k chi tit (Detailed design)
Tinh chnh cc thnh phn kin trc v cc mi quan h xc lp cc m-un nhm ci t mt cch ring bit Vic tinh chnh c qun tr bi cc thnh phn phi chc nng *Mu th* Mu th l s bt chc hay m hnh, thng dng cho mt HT cn cha tn ti M phng hay minh ho mt s c trng ca h thng Vic s dng mu th nhm: lm mn c t, lm mn thit k, so snh cc thit k, t thit k, chng minh cho mt tng hoc thc hin kinh nghim C nhiu kiu mu th nh: Tung gia (Throw - away), Gia tng (incremental), Tin ho (evolutionary) *Ci t* *Phn tch nhim v/ chc nng* *nh gi*
*Cu 7: Nu khi nim v m hnh GOMS?*** *Khi nim*: GOMS l m hnh miu t phn ng, to ra tnh tng thch vi ch th con ngi. GOMS cho php m hnh ho s phn ng nhiu cp tru tng, t nhim v ti cc hnh ng vt l. GOMS s dng nguyn tc v tnh hp l ca m hnh b x l con ngi nh im bt u: ng gp c bn l mt cu trc hnh thc cho php t chc qu trnh quan nim. GOMS bao gm: Goal, Operator, Methods v Selection l *Goal* l mc ch m ngi dng mun thc hin. l mt cu trc k php nh ngha mt trng thi mong mun, bao gm nhiu ch con (mc tiu c s). Mt mc tiu c s t c khi tin hnh mt chui cc hnh ng (Operators). Cc mc tiu c phn cp to nn mt cy m cc l l cc hnh ng. l *Operator* l cc thao tc c bn ca ngi dng nh: nhn phm, r chut, suy ngh, ...vv ,nhm thay i trng thi (trng thi tm l ca ngi dng hay trng thi mi trng). Mt hnh ng c nh gi qua cc ton hng vo, ra v thi gian cn thit thc hin. Hnh ng c th l c ch tm l hay c th ca mi trng. l *Method*: phn r mc ch thnh cc mc ch con/thao tc con.
Phng thc m t cch thc t mc ch. N c biu din di dng mt chui c iu kin cc mc tiu v hnh ng ly t b nh ngn hn. N khng phi l k hoach hnh ng hon thnh nhim v m l kt qu ca kinh nghim c tch lu. l *Selection*: la chn cc phng php c biu din di dng: Nu iu kin th chn phng php M *Cu 8: Cho mt v d v m hnh GOMS? a ra cc nh gi v hn ch ca m hnh GOMS?*** *V d:* dch chuyn con tr trong mt h son tho vn bn. Ngi dng c th dng chut hay bn phm. Gi s c 2 phng php M1 v M2. M2 dng khi khong cch ln v thng dng chut, ngc li khi khong cch nh dng M1 vi bn phm. l M1: Di chut n v tr ch ri chn l M2: chng no con tr cha ng hng nhn , chng no con tr cha ng v tr nhn ( ) Hai nguyn tc chn R1 v R2: l R1: Nu v tr cn t xa th dng M1 l R2: Nu v tr cn t gn th dng M2 *nh gi* (J.Coutaz) l GOMS ch l m hnh hiu nng theo ngha lin quan n kha cnh phng thc ca quan nim v k thut nh gi. l GOMS a ra phng thc quan nim ging nh cc nh tin hc thc hin. S m hnh ho mt nhim v c th c tinh ch hay bin i t cc thnh phn to ra l Cung cp cho cc nh thit k nhng h tr hnh thc nh gi trc hi nng.
l Trong GOMS , cc hin tng c quan st l s hon thnh nhim v vi gi thit l cc thao tc khng c li. Song li li l iu kh trnh. l GOMS qu gin lc *Cu 9: Nu khi nim v m hnh Keystroke?*** *Khi nim:* Keystroke l m hnh con ca GOMS, lin quan ti cc mt c php, t vng ca tng tc. Nhng thnh phn ca n l cc hnh ng mc vt l m ngi dng phi thc hin . Gi thit: bi ton pht biu Keystroke vi gi thit sau: l Mt nhim v c th phn tch thnh cc nhim v con l Ngn ng iu khin hnh ng l Cc thng s v kh nng vn ng ca ngi dng *Cc thao tc chnh trong m hnh Keystroke: * l K (keystroking): g phm hay nhn chut l P (pointing): ch nh l H (homming): thay i cng c l D (drawing): hot ng v l M (mental activity): hot ng suy ngh l R (response time): thi gian tr li ca h thng *Cu 10: Hy nu nguyn tc tnh thi gian thc hin trong m hnh Keystroke?*** Thi gian thc hin mt nhim v l tng thi gian thc hin mi loi thao tc: Texec = TK + TP + TH + TD + TM + TR vi: *Thao tc K:* biu din hnh ng g phm hay nhp chut. Vic tnh TK l kh phc tp v n ph thuc vo nt bm, bn phm v thi quen ca ND. C th tnh mt cch xp x nh sau: TK = (Thi gian test/ s phm bm) *Thao tc P:* biu din vic di chuyn con tr ti ch. TP c tnh theo lut Fitt: TP = (K0 - TK) + Ilog2(D/L)+0.5 Thay K0 - TK bi 0.2s, ta c TP ti thiu l 0.8s, ti a l 1.5s (vi D/L=128) => trung bnh l 1.1s *Thao tc H:* biu din vic thay i cng c vt l. TH l thi gian bn tay vi ti cng c v nm chc cng c . Theo kinh nghim TH = 0.4s. *Thao tc D:* biu din vic dng chut v ln mn hnh. TD ph thuc
tuyn tnh vo s lng nt v v di nt v. TD c tnh: TD = 0.9n + 0.161 *Thao tc M:* biu din hot ng tm l ngi dng cn c khi thc hin thao tc vt l K, P, H hay D. Theo kinh nghim, TM = 1.35. *Thao tc R:* TR l thi gian x l tr li ca h thng. Th d: tnh thi gian thc hin lnh ls ca Unix, ta c cc thao tc sau: Bn phm: M K(l) K(s) K(enter) Chut: H(chut) M (chut) K (ntchut) H(bn phm) *Cu 11: Hy nu m**t s lut heuristic trong m hnh Keytroke?*** Thao tc M biu din hot ng tm l ngi dng cn c khi thc hin thao tc vt l K, P, H hay D do M ph thuc vo cc thao tc vt l v kh nng ca ngi dng, n l tham s vi mi ngi dng. Mt s lut heuristic nh sau: *Lut 0:* t M trc tt c cc K khng phi v tr bt u ca chui. t M trc mt P nu tng ng vi vic ch ra mt tn iu khin. *Lut 1:* Lc b M nu thao tc tip theo c th tnh trc khi ang thc hin thao tc trc M. Th d, chui PMK, vi K biu din hnh ng nhn nt chut th loi b M v hnh ng tm l cho K c th tnh trong khi ang trong P. *Lut 2:* Nu mt chui c dng MKMKMK, ta loi b tt c cc M tr M u tin. *Lut 3:* Nu K l mt k t kt thc rm r, loi b M ng trc K (/mt k t kt thc rm r nu n theo sau mt k t kt thc khc) */ *Lut 4:* Nu K xc nh mt hng s, loi b M ng trc K; nu K xc nh mt bin th bo lu M. Nhng lut ny xc nh cch tnh xp x s cc hot ng ca mt phng thc. N to nn mt c s thm vo cc heuristic c th hn ph thuc lp ND. *Cu 12: Nu cc u im v cc hn ch ca m hnh Keystroke?*** Keystroke tha k cc c tnh ca GOMS c v u im ln hn ch *u im* l L cng c cho php phn tch nh lng tin on hiu nng vi ND trong mt c php c th. Th d, Keystroke khng nh vic hin th c trang vn bn s nhanh hn theo dng, chn t bng chut nhanh hn bng bn phm. l Tnh n gin. h thng thut ng v k thut m hnh ho d hiu vi
ngi khng chuyn tm l nhn thc. *Hn ch* l Vic thay th thao tc M l kh rc ri, n nh khong ngh gia 2 thao tc => khng c th l Khng c th trong lng gi l Thi gian tr li ca HT l Keystroke khng phn bit phm bm. Tuy nhin c s khc bit gia cc phm thng thng v phm c bit l Khng quan tm n vn thng thng thng ca ND l Keystroke ch nh gi thi gian thc hin ch khng nh gi tng thi gian hon thnh nhim v (thi gian hon thnh nhim v l tng thi gian thu thp v thi gian thc hin). Keystroke ch quan tm mc t vng v phng thc gii quyt nhim v. *Cu 13: Nu khi nim v vai tr ca nh gi trong thit k HCI?*** nh gi khng phi l mt giai on trong qu trnh thit k m l nhim v trung tm ca qu trnh thit k. N din ra trong sut vng i ca HCI. nh gi l thu thp d liu kim tra v tnh dng c ca thit k. Ba mc ch chnh ca nh gi: l Khng nh tnh m rng cc chc nng ca h thng l Khng nh tnh hiu qu ca giao tip l Xc nh mt s vn c bit ny sinh trong qu trnh s dng Chc nng ca HT l quan trng: c p ng vi c t yu cu ND khng? Thit k HT phi c kh nng p ng cc nhim v t ra mt cch d dng: l Hnh ng m ND cn thc hin nhim v l nh gi kh nng s dng ca HT vi ci m ND mong i Tnh hiu qu ca giao tip ND: l Lng ho c cc tiu ch ca thit k vi ND l Tnh d hc l Tnh s dng li l Trng thi ca ND l Xc nh cc lnh vc ca TK cht ln ngi dng theo mt cch no Mt s vn ny sinh trong qu trnh TK: l Sc thi ca TK khi cha c s dng c to nn kt qu khng mong i? l V c 2 vn : chc nng v tnh dng c
*Cu 14: Nu khi nim v cc kiu nh gi (ni, thi im thc hin)?*** nh gi bao gm 4 kiu sau: (1) nh gi trong PTN; (2) nh gi thc nghim; (3) nh gi trong giai on TK v (4) nh gi trong giai on ci t *nh gi trong phng th nghim* l Ni tin hnh: trong PTN l Dng trong giai on TK l Ngi TK thc hin mt s khng nh khng cn/c s hin din ca ND. l Cc trang b cn thit c th c yu cu nh thit b nghe nhn, thit b ghi,... *nh gi trong thc nghim* Dng trong giai on TK hay ci t Vic nh gi thc hin trong mi trng ND nhm nh gi HT trong hot ng v trng thi ND. Hn ch: ting n, chuyn ng => mt tp trung Do mi trng t nhin nn khch quan nh gi c cc hot ng thng ngy, thng, => c a chung. *nh gi trong giai on TK* l Mc ch: Dng trong giai on TK => trnh c mt s sai st ng tic Cc sai st pht hin c trong giai on cui s lm gim chi ph Mt s phng php nh gi s c d on l Cc k thut: Cognitive WalkThrough nh gi kiu Heuristic nh gi da vo m hnh nh gi da vo xem xt li *nh gi ci t* l C s hin din ca ND v h thng c ci t l C th s dng m phng hay mu th l 3 k thut chnh: nh gi thc nghim K thut quan st K thut hi p* *
*Khi nim:* L phng php c tnh d on kiu Review nhm pht hin vn t rt sm. Xy dng cc nh ngha t cc nhim v c t HT hoc t mn hnh "mock-up": t mn hnh ny qua mn hnh khc. Ngi nh gi duyt qua mt chui hnh ng kim tra tnh dng c. Mc ch chnh ca k thut ny l thit lp tnh d hc v d dng ca h thng. *4 bc cn tin hnh:* l Mt m t v nguyn mu ca HT, khng cn y song cng nn kh chi tit th d nh v tr v ngn t cho menu l Mt m t v nhim v m ND phi thc hin. Nhim v phi mang tnh tiu biu, ci m ND hay lm l Mt danh sch chi tit cc hnh ng cn thit hon thnh nhim v theo nguyn mu l Mt ch dn v ND l ai v cc tri thc, kinh nghim m ngi nh gi c th gi nh. Vi thng tin trn, ngi nh gi thc hin chui cc hnh ng v a ra cc kin v tnh dng c. Vi mi hnh ng, ngi nh gi c gng tr li *4 cu hi:* 1 ND c to ra bt c tc ng g trn hnh ng ? Nhng khng nh v nhim v m hnh ng c h tr ng theo kinh nghim v tri thc ca ND trn tng tc . l ND c kh nng hnh ng ng l c?. Th d, ND c nhn thy phm hay mt mc ca menu, qua hnh ng tip l ang thc hin bi HT. iu ny c ngha l ND s thy phm (hay mc ) ti thi im h cn (Khng nht thit phi bit). l Khi ND tm thy mt hnh ng ng trn giao tip liu h c bit l ci duy nht ng cho mc ch m h c to ra? C th l mt phm lnh/ mc menu quan st c nhng liu ND c bit l ci m h cn hon thnh nhim v. l Sau khi hnh ng tin hnh, ND s hiu phn hi ca HT? Gi s rng ND chn ng hnh ng, h s bit tip ci g? l vic hon thnh chu trnh tng tc nh gi/thc hin. *Hnh thc tin hnh:* Cognitive Walkthrough start-up sheet: Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Evaluator: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . Task Description: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Action Sequence: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anticiopated User: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . User's inition Goal: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Next action #: --------------- Description ---------
1. Correction goal 2. Problem forming Correction goals 3. Problem identifying Action 4. Problem performing the action *Cu 16: Nu k thut nh gi Heuristic trong giai on thit k?*** *Khi nim:* L cc nguyn tc chung hay cc guidline c th tr gip mt quyt nh trong TK. Do Jacob Nielsen v Rolf Molich xut -Dng trong giai on u ca TK nhm c nh tnh dng c - tng chnh l nhiu nh gi c lp c tin hnh kim tra tnh dng c *9 mu mo:* 1) i thoi n gin v t nhin n gin: s dng t thng tin T nhin: lnh gn vi yu cu 2) Ni ngn ng ND S dng cch ni ca ND Khng dng thut ng cng ngh c bit 3) Gim ti ti thiu cho b nh ND Khng bt ND phi nh cho hnh ng tip sau Lu li thng tin trn mn hnh cho n khi ND khng cn na 4) Tnh nht qun 5) Phn hi thng tin 6) X l tnh hung thot: khi ND gp 1 tnh hung m h khng cn => cung cp li thot 7) To li tt: Gip ngi dng c kinh nghim trnh nhng i thoi v thng tin khng cn thit 8) C thng bo li tt 9) D bo li. *10 qui nh:* 1) Thy c cc trng thi ca HT: HT lun cho ND thy ci h s lm qua thng tin phn hi trong thi gian hp l 2) S t do v qun l ND: ND c th gp li, do vy phi c thot khn cp 3) D bo li 4) Chun ho v nht qun 5) i snh HT vi th gii thc 6) Nhn bit ch khng phi nh li: to cho i tng, hnh ng v cc la chn d dng nhn bit bi ND ch khng cn nh. 7) S dng hiu qu v mm do: Dng c cho c ND c/khng c kinh nghim 8) Thit k n gin v c thm m
9) Tr gip ND nhn bit, i thoi v phc hi t trng thi li 10) Tr gip v ti liu
GOMS
Bi tp v d: Xy dng mt m t GOMS v nhim v photocopy mt bi bo (article) t mt tp ch (journal). Tho lun v im dng trong m t GOMS . Tr li: Cu tr li ph thuc vo nhng gi thit v my photocopy c s dng trong m hnh. Trong v d di, chng ta gi s rng bi bo c copy mi ln mt trang v qu trnh copy c thc hin thng qua mt b m (khay). Ta thc hin sao chp ni dung hnh nh ca bn copy t vo khay (bn cover), sau mi thc hin copy bn copy thc s. GOAL: PHOTOCOPY PAPER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GOAL: LOCATE ARTICLE GOAL: PHOTOCOPY PAGE - lp cho n tn khi ht cc trang . . . . . . . . . . . . . GOAL: ORIENT PAGE . . . . . . OPEN COVER SELECT PAGE POSITION PAGE CLOSE COVER LOCATE OUT TRAY EXAMINE COPY
GOAL: COLLECT COPY LOCATE OUT TRAY REMOVE COPY (ch ngoi t c) OPEN COVER REMOVE JOURNAL CLOSE - COVER
Vn im dng xy ra khi bn copy ca bi bo b remove khi khay ca my copy, tho mn mc ch tng th ca nhim v. Tuy nhin, trong m t trn, ta thy rng
bi bo gc vn nm trong b nh ca my copy, khi m bn cover c ng li. Ngi s dng s rt d qun vic remove tp ch ra khi my. Vy th tc copy trn c th c thay i nh th no gii quyt vn ny? Gii php l thc hin ch RETRIEVE JOURNAL trc khi thc hin ch COLLECT COPY.
V d 2: Phn tch nhim v pha tr. K php Nhim v pha tr c th phn r thnh 6 nhim v con, bao gm cc nhim v sau: 0. Mc ch: Pha tr 1. un si nc 1.1 Cho nc vo siu 1.2 t siu ln bp 1.3 i nc si 1.4 Tt bp 2. Trng m pha tr 3. Pha tr 3.1. m pha tr ang cn m (ch khng pha tr khi m ngui) 3.2 Cho tr vo m 3.3 Cho nc si vo
i 4 hoc 5 pht Rt tr 5.1. Cho sa vo tch 5.2. Cho tr vo tch 5.3. Mi khch - Plan 0 : Do 1 ng thi xem, nu m pha tr cn tr c (y) then 2 then 3-4 sau 4 hoc 5 pht Do 6. - Plan 1 : 1.1-1.2-1.3 khi siu un nc si 1.4 - Plan 3: theo th t ln lt 3.1 3.2 - .3.3. - Plan 5: 5.1 v 5.2 c th o nhau, sau l 5.3 T nhng kt qu phn tch trn, chng ta c s phn cp nhim v ca nhim v pha tr c biu din nh sau:
0.Pha tr
4. 5.
Plan 0 Do 1 ng thi xem, nu m pha tr y then 2 then 3-4 sau 4 hoc 5 pht do 6
1. un nc
2. Trng m pha tr
3. Pha tr
4. i 4/5 pht
Plan 1 1.1-1.2-1.3 khi siu nc si 1.4 5.1 Cho sa vo tch Plan 3: 3.1-3.2=3.3 3.1-3.2-3.3 3.2 Cho tr vo m
5.3 mi khch
3.3 Cho nc si vo m
1.2 t siu ln bp
1.3 i nc si
1.4 Tt bp
USTM/CUSTOM
Vi d: Mt sn bay quc t ang xem xt vic xy dng mt h thng bn v mi lin kt cc i l bn v bn v trc tip n khch hng. Hy phn loi cc nhm ngi gp c phn trong h thng bn v ny. Nhm th nht: nhn vin i l bn v, nhn vin bn v Nhm th hai: cc khch hng, nhn vin qun l Nhm th ba: cc i th cnh tranh, cc c quan hng khng dn dng, Nhm th t: nhm thit k, nhn vin phng IT
Keystrock-KLM
6 thao tc m t vic thc hin mt nhim v c bn trong KLM: - K Keystroking: G phm hay nhn chut. - P Pointing: Di chuyn con tr chut ti mt im trn mn hnh. - H Homing: Thay i cng c. - D Drawing: Hnh ng v . - M Mental activity: Hnh ng suy ngh . - R Respond Time: Thi gian p ng ca h thng. Hai hnh ng ph: -B: hnh ng nhn n trn phm chut (khong0.1s). - BB: hnh ng nhn kp phm chut (khong 0.2s). Tng thigian thc hin mt thao tc: Texe = TK + TP + TH + TD + TM + TR - K : hnh ng nhn phm trn bn phm hay phm chut. T K : t 0.28s 1.2s , trung bnh khong 0.75s. Ngi nh my chuyn nghi p: 0.12 s Ngi khng quen bn phm: 1.2s Thi gian g ln lt n phm: T(n) = n x T. - P: hnh ng di chuyn con tr ti ch. TP : c tnh theo lut Fitts. TP : 0.8s 1.5s . Trung bnh gi tr ny l 1.1s - H: hnh ng thay i cng c (t bn phm sang chut v ngc li).
TH = 0.4s D: hnh ng v dng chut. TD : ph thuc vo s lng nt v . TD = 0.9n + 0.161vi n l s nt v . - M: hot ng tm l ngi dng cn c khi thc hin cc thao tc vt l K, P, H hay D. TM : 0. 6s 1. 35s. Trung bnh l khong 1.2s - R: Thi gian ch i s phn hi ca h thng .