Cu 1: Cc loi hnh giao dch B2B c bn 2 Cu 2: Cc m hnh kinh doanh B2B 3 Cu 3: li ch v hn ch ca sn giao dch TMT B2B 7 Cu 4: trao i d liu

in t ( EDI). 10 Cu 5: Lch s ra i v hnh thnh: 10 Cu 6: S hnh thnh v pht trin ca cc chun EDI: 11 Cu 7: Nguyn l hot ng ca EDI: 12 Cu 8: So snh qu trnh vn chuyn qua EDI v Qua giy t v li ch.? 14 Cu 9: Phn loi EDI, phn tch cc loi kt ni ca EDI 14 Cu 10: Tnh hnh ng dng EDI ti mt s nc trn th gii v Vit Nam: 17 Cu 11: cc yu t ca ERP v lin h: 18

Cu 1: Cc loi hnh giao dch B2B c bn 1.2.1.1 Loi hnh giao dch bn mua ch o: i vi cc cng ty ln thng mua nhiu hng ha dch v nguyn vt liu, gii php tt nht l m ring cho mnh mt ch in t v mi nhng ngi bn hng tm xem v thc hin n t hang. Mt s phng php mua sm hng ha v dch v c th: - Mua cc site u gi t nhn - Kt hp vo h thng mua theo nhm. - Mua trn mt sn giao dch (exchange), - Hp tc vi cc nh cung ng 1.2.1.2 Loi hnh giao dch bn bn ch o: Th trng in t bn bn: Mt th trng in t (e-marketplace) da trn Web, trong mt doanh nghip bn hng ha hoc dch v cho nhiu doanh nghip (doanh nghip bn bun, bn l hoc sn xut) hoc ngi tiu dng. Ba phng thc bn chnh: - Bn qua catalog in t - Bn thng qua u gi tng dn - Bn mt ti mt, thng thng qua u gi di hn 1.2.1.3 Loi hnh giao dch qua trung gian ( nhiu n nhiu): Sn giao dch in t nh: ch in t (e-marketplaces), th trng in t (e-markets), sn giao dch thng mi (trading exchanges), cng ng thng mi (trading communities), trung tm trao i (exchange hubs), sn giao dch Interrnet (Internet exchanges), ch mng (net marketplaces) v cng B2B (B2B portals). Ngoi vic t chc cc hot ng thng mi, cc Sn giao dch cn duy tr cc hot ng cng ng nh phn phi tin tc cng nghip, ti tr cc nhm tho lun trc tuyn, tin hnh cc hot ng nghin c. Phn loi Sn giao dch in t c th da trn mt s cch khc nhau. Cch phn loi di y da trn 2 tiu ch: Hng ha u vo trc tip (Direct goods) hay gin tip (Indirrect goods- MRO) Mua bn trao ngay (Spot Purchasing, Spot Sourcing) hay mua theo hp ng di hn (Long time Contract Purchasing, Strategic Sourcing, Sistematic Sourcing) 1.2.1.4 Loi hnh thng mi hp tc: S dng cng ngh s cho php cc cng ty cng tc trong vic lp k hoch, thit k, pht trin, qun l, v nghin cu sn 2

phm, dch v v cc ng dng mi ca TMT. Hnh thc ny s dng cc phn mm phc v lm vic theo nhm v cc cng c hp tc c thit k c bit khc. Mt s hnh thc thng mi cng tc: + Trung tm cng tc (Collaborative Hubs) + Cc mng cng tc (Collaborative Networks) + Thng mi cng tc v qun tr tri thc Cu 2: Cc m hnh kinh doanh B2B 1: Mua sm in t - Nhiu n mt (hay mt t nhiu) 1.1: Cch thc mua sm in t Khi mt ngi mua hng tm n th trng bn bn, b phn mua hng ca ngi mua s nhp d liu mt cch th cng vo my tnh ca h, ri tin hnh tm kim cc ca hng (e-store), cc ph bn hng trc tuyn (e-mall) tm kim v so snh nh cung ng, sn phm. Qu trnh ny rt chm v tn nhiu chi ph. i vi cc cng ty ln (mua nhiu), gii php tt nht l m ring cho mnh mt ch in t (gi l ch in t bn mua) v mi nhng ngi bn hng tm xem v thc hin n t hng (nh Sisco) lm. Hot ng mua hng ca cng ty thng c cc i din mua hng (purchasing agent, corporate buyer) thc hin. Mt s phng php mua sm hng ha v dch v c th: Mua cc site u gi t nhn, ni m cng ty tham gia vi t cch nh mt trong cc cng ty khc. Kt hp vo h thng mua theo nhm. H thng ny tch hp nhu cu ca nhiu ngi tham gia, sau tin hnh mc c gi hoc t chc u thu. Mua trn mt sn giao dch (exchange), hoc ph mua bn (Industrial mall) ca ngnh Hp tc vi cc nh cung ng chia s thng tin bn hng v tn kho, nhm gim chi ph tn kho v tin hnh phn phi Just-in-Time. Cc phng php mua sm hng ha v dch v. Phng php mua sm c cc cng ty p dng ph thuc vo: o Loi hng ha v dch v (Mua ci g) o Ni mua (Mua u) o S lng mua (Mua bao nhiu) o Gi tr l hng (Cn bao nhiu tin) o . Mt s phng php mua sm hng ha v dch v c th: 3

o Tin hnh u thu trong mt h thng, ni m cc nh cung ng cnh tranh vi nhau. o Mua trc tip t nh sn xut, nh phn phi bn bun hay bn l t catalog in t ca h, hoc c th thng qua cc tho thun o Mua t catalog ca nh trung gian (nh trung gian tch hp nhng catalog ca nhiu ngi bn) o Mua t catalog ni b ca ngi mua, trong tch hp cc catalog ca nhng ngi o bn c cng ty xem xt ng , bao gm gi c tho thun. 1.2: Mc ch v li ch ca mua sm in t Tng nng sut ca cc i din mua hng Gim gi mua thng qua tiu chun ho sn phm, mua qua u thu, chit khu gi do khi lng ln v tp hp n mua Ci thin lung thng tin v qun l (Thng tin v nh cung ng, thng tin gi c) Ti thiu ho mua sm t nhng nh cung ng khng c hp ng Hon thin qu trnh thanh ton v tit kim (cho ngi bn) nh phng thc thanh ton ha n in t tr ngay. Thit lp quan h cng tc c hiu qu vi cc nh cung cp m bo phn phi kp thi, mi lc, mi ni Gim thi gian t hng, thc hin n hng nh t ng ha. Gim yu cu v k nng v nhu cu v o to i vi cc i din mua hng Gim s lng nh cung cp Qu trnh mua sm n gin hn v nhanh hn Tng nhanh qu trnh tha thun v gii quyt bt ng lin quan n ha n Gim chi ph x l qun l cho mi n hng n 90% Tm c cc nh cung ng v bn hng c th cung cp hng nhanh hn, r hn Tch hp qu trnh kim tra ngn sch vo trong qu trnh thu mua Gim thiu li do con ngi trong qu trnh mua v vn chuyn hng ha Theo di v iu chnh nhng hnh vi mua hng. 1.3: Mt vi lu v mua sm in t H thng e-procurement kh d trin khai t xy ra xung t knh khi trin khai h thng ny Tn ti nhiu gi phn mm v cc thnh phn c s h tng khc cn cho h thng trn th trng vi gi c hp l MRO thng l mc ch u tin ca e-purchasing, tuy nhin c th s dng h thng ny ci thin mua sm cc hng ha u vo trc tip. Cc qu trnh thng lm bng tay, nh to lp cc thng s, yu cu bo gi, mi thu, pht hnh 4

phiu mua hng, nhn hng ho, thanh tonc th xc tin nhanh hn thng qua t ng ha H thng mua sm cc hng ha u vo trc tip c hiu qu nht lin quan n trin khai thng mi in t hp tc gn vi chui cung ng (cc phn sau). 2: u gi ngc 2.1: Cch thc u gi ngc. Mt trong cc phng php chnh ca mua sm in t l thng qua u gi ngc (m hnh b thu hay u thu) t chc u thu, ngi mua (cng ty ln) c th m mt ch in t ca mnh v mi cc nh cung ng tim nng n tham gia u thu. Mu (hay vn bn) mi tham gia u thu c gi l request for quote (RFQ). u thu truyn thng nhiu thng l u thu hn ch. u thu in t l u thu m cho tt c cc nh cung ng cnh tranh Chnh ph v cc cng ty ln thng p dng y quyn u thu (qua bn th ba), iu ny cho php tit kim chi ph ng k 2.2 : Tin hnh u gi ngc S lng cc site u gi ngc ngy cng nhiu nn cc nh cung ng c th khng c kh nng theo di tt c cc site u gi. Vn ny c gii quyt bng cch p dng cc Danh mc trc tuyn (Online Directories). Cc danh mc ny lit k cc vn bn mi thu m (Open requests for quote - RFQs). Cch gii quyt khc l s dng cc trnh n phn mm tm kim (Monitoring Sofware agents). Mt phng thc khc l s dng nh trung gian u thu, tng t nh u gi thun (Cc site nh General Electric GXS, A-Z Used Computers, Free Market..). V tin hnh u gi ngc l mt qu trnh rt phc tp, nn vic s dng nh trung gian c nhiu cng ty la chn Qu trnh u gi c th ko di trong mt ngy hay nhiu hn Ngi u gi c th a gi ra mt ln, nhng ngi u gi c th xem gi thp nht v ra gi li vi ln 2.3: Li ch ca u gi ngc Trong h thng trc tuyn ny, b phn cung ng nhn nhng yu cu in t t nhng khch hng ni b v gi nhng gi mi thu ti nh cung cp trn ton th gii thng qua Internet H thng t ng thu ht v gn b h vi nhng form in t yu cu Lao ng trong qu trnh mua sm in t gim 30% Ct gim 50% nhn vin vn phng trong cc cng vic lin quan n qu trnh mua sm v b tr li nhn vin vo cc cng vic khc Gim thi gian hon thnh mt hp ng xung cn mt na Lp ho n t ng ph hp vi nhng n t hng 5

 Phng mua sm trn ton th gii c th chia s thng tin v nhng nh cung cp tt nht 3: Mua hng theo nhm . 3.1: Cch thc mua hng theo nhm Nhiu cng ty, c bit l cc cng ty nh, tin hnh mua theo nhm. Mua theo nhm: Tp hp nhiu n t hng t nhiu ngi mua vo mt tp mua sm ln c tha thun gi tt hn khi tho thun C 2 m hnh mua theo nhm: tch hp bn trong v tch hp bn ngoi. Mua hng theo nhm tch hp bn trong: o Cc cng ty ln, v d GE, mua hng t USD MRO mi nm. n t hng i vi mt s loi hng ha nht nh t vi nh my ca cng ty c tch hp ti website ca cng ty v c b sung mt cch t ng. o Bn cnh vic tit kim nh quy m (gi thp do s lng mua ln), GE tit kim c chi ph qun l giao dch (gim t 50-100USD xung 5-10 USD /1 giao dch. Mua hng theo nhm tch hp bn ngoi: o Nhiu doanh nghip nh v va kh tm c i tc kt hp n hng o Nhiu doanh nghip nh v va kh tm c i tc kt hp n hng, h phi tm n nh trung gian (bn th ba) o Sau khi kt hp n hng ca nhiu doanh nghip, bn th ba tin hnh m phn vi cc nh cung ng nhm t c gi tt nht hoc tin hnh u thu. o Rt nhiu site t chc dch v ni trn, trong c Yahoo, AOL o Mua hng theo nhm ban u c p dng trong mua sm MRO, hng in t dn dng, dn ph bin sang mua cc dch v du lch, lu tr Web o Mt s phng php mua sm in t khc 3.2: Mua t nh phn phi in t: mua cc s lng nh ngi mua thng mua t cc nh phn phi in t 3.3: Mua hng ha trc tip (Direct Goods) o Bn cnh MRO, mt phn hng ha trc tip c th c o mua sm trn cc ch in t bn bn (Spot Purchasing), nh m cc cng ty c th tin hnh o qu trnh mua nhanh chng, tit kim, gim tn kho, duy tr sn xut lin tc. o Phn ln hng ha trc tip c mua thng qua cc hp ng di hn vi gi c v cc iu kin mua bn khc c tha thun trc (Sistematic Purchasing). 4:Trao i in t hng ly hng (e-Bartering) Trao i hng ha v dch v vi nhau m khng qua tin t trung gian. Mt cng ty d tha ci g mun i ly hng ha, dch v khc. Cc cng ty c th thng tin qung co v vn ni trn, nhng nhn chung kh tm c bn hng chnh xc, tt nht l nh n s gip ca bn th ba. 6

 Trung gian trao i c th tin hnh nm bt thng tin v kt ni nhu cu mt cch th cng hoc qua site sn giao dch. Cng ty gii thiu vt liu d tha n sn giao dch, nhn c im tn dng, s dng tn dng mua cc vt liu khc cn thit (trong khi ch i vt liu d tha c trao i). Sn phm trao i hng ly hng thng l khng gian vn phng, trang thit b, thm ch c pano qung co. Cu 3: li ch v hn ch ca sn giao dch TMT B2B K/N: TMT B2B l giao dch thng mi ( trao i tin ly hng ha hoc dch v ) c tin hnh gia hai doanh nghip bt k thng qua mng Internet, cc mng truyn thng v cc phng tin in t khc. Li ch: TMT B2B gip to ra cc c hi mua bn mi: cc doanh nghip hon ton c c hi mua bn mi m khng b hn ch v khng gian , thi gian. Cc doanh nghip c th c nhiu phng php qung co , bn hng ca mnh nh bn hng trc tip qua catalog ca cng ty hoc bn thng qua u gi ( t doanh nghip t chc hoc thng qua website trung gian u gi trc tuyn ) . Ngc li bn mua c th tm ra cho mnh nh cung cp ng nht bng cch tm hiu v thng tin ca nh cung cp v nguyn liu , sn phm ca h thng qua website ca doanh nghip hoc tm ra mc gi ng nht thng qua sn giao dch trc tuyn . Tham gia vo mi trng TMT B2B gip cc DN c th loi b bt c cc loi giy t v ct gim chi ph qun l: Khi DN tham gia vo cc sn giao dch TMT B2B, a ng dng trao i d liu in t vo trong qu trnh hot ng.Khi giao dch c thc hin bng EDI, h thng my tnh ca DN s hot ng nh mt kho d tr cc d liu cn thit h tr cc giao dch . Khi c s dng, EDI rt thng tin t nhng ng dng ca cng ty v truyn ti cc chng t giao dch phi giy t di dng my tnh c c qua ng dy din thoi hoc cc thit b vin thng khc. u nhn, d liu c th nhp trc tip vo h thng my tnh ca i tc, c t ng x l vi cc ng dng ni b ti ni nhn. Ton b qu trnh ny din ra trong vi pht m khng cn phi g li thng tin v trnh cho cc bn nhng phin toi v giy t i km vi vic x l vn bn bng tay. Gip gim chi ph tm kim v thi gian i vi ngi mua: Thng qua my vi tnh, ngi mua hng c th tip cn nhng thng tin y v tng qut v sn phm, vic t hng, xc nhn giao dch t ng, v cp nht thng tin v vic thc hin n hng mt cch thng xuyn.Sn giao dch TMT gip cho ngi mua gim chi ph mua hng v tip cn th trng mt cch nhanh hn. Bng cch tham kho thng tin t nhiu b phn phng ban v cng ty, ngi mua hng c nhiu hi ginh c cc iu khan thng mi u i hn t pha cc nh cung cp. 7

Tng nng sut lao ng trong cng tc mua, bn: Thng qua my vi tnh v internet, vic t hng, xc nhn giao dch t ng, v cp nht thng tin v vic thc hin n hng mt cch thng xuyn. iu ny gip cc phng ban ph trch vic thu mua hng ha c th p dng nhng quy tc kinh doanh, gim chi ph do cc v giao dch la o gy ra, v m phn c nh cung cp gim gi nhiu hn thng qua cc cng c qun l vic mua hng trc tuyn. Gim sai st v tng cht lng dch v: Thng thng cc n t hng qua website thng t sai st hn so vi cc n t hng theo cc phng tin khc nht l qua in thoi. V khi t hng qua web khch hng c th kim tra li hng ha m mun t hng hoc c th thay i quyt nh ca mnh.Trong trng hp hng ha khng ng vi yu cu ca ngi mua, hng ha b li, hng giao chm hoc thiu ngi mua c th t chi vic nhn hng v hy b giao dch. Gim mc d tr v chi ph lin quan d tr, h gi thnh: Nh vo mi trng kinh doanh mng, cc DN s tin hnh nhn n t hng v sn xut theo n t hng hoc d tr mt s ngun hng thit yu theo s lng hng t trung bnh ca cc k trc. Nh vy, DN c th tit kim c cc chi ph lin quan n d tr nh chi ph nh kho, chi ph vn chuyn t ni sn xut n kho, chi ph bo qunChi ph u vo cho sn phm s c gim bt, DN c th h gi thnh sn phm v tng tnh cnh tranh v gi ca sn phm so vi i th cnh tranh trn th trng. Chi ph giao dch thp: Khi tham gia vo sn giao dch TMT B2B cc DN s c li rt nhiu nh vo vic gim bt 1 s cng on trong vic tm kim i tc kinh doanh. Bi sn giao dch thng mi in t gip cho ngi mua gim chi ph mua hng v tip cn th trng mt cch nhanh hn. Bng cch tham kho thng tin t nhiu b phn phng ban v cng ty, ngi mua hng c nhiu hi ginh c cc iu khan thng mi u i hn t pha cc nh cung cp. Tng tnh linh hot trong hot ng sn xut: S trao i thng tin lin tc gia nh cung ng, nh sn xut, khch hng, gia doanh nghip c th d bo tt hn nhu cu, th hiu ca th trng.Phn ng linh hot vi nhng thay i bt li. Ch ng trong sn xut,nhanh chng nm bt c hi. Thng mi in t ang thay i h thng sn xut t sn xut i tr sn xut ch-trong-thi gian theo nhu cu v c th ty chnh. Ci tin cht lng sn phm: Thng qua cc phng tin in t khch hng c th tham gia vo qu trnh sn xut sn phm ca mnh.Sn phm cui cng tha mn c nhu cu ca khch hng, bn cnh s lin lc thng xuyn gia khch hng v nh sn xut gip doanh nghip cp nht lin tc phn hi ca khch hng khi s dng sn phm ca mnh. Trong th trng thng mi n t, khch hng c th cng lc tip cn c vi nhiu loi sn phm c cng tnh nng.Nhng cng ng th gii o gip cho ngi tiu dng c nhiu kin thc hn trong mua sm.H c th nhn c li khuyn t nhng ngi s dng sn phm no , t c nhng cn nhc cho bn than. 8

Ph v gii hn khng gian v thi gian: Cc hot ng thng mi khng ngng Khng c k ngh hng nm; dch v 24 gi/ngy.Cc hot ng thng mi khng ngng l mt hnh thc ph v cc gii hn ca khng gian v thi gian.TMT c th thc hin 24 gi trong ngy, 365 ngy trong nm. Thun tin cho c bit ha nhu cu ca khch hng: Thng mi in t B2B vi c im l giao dch ch yu gia cc doanh nghip vi cc doanh nghip thng qua h thng c s h tng cng ngh thng tin thng mi in t , hng ha c giao dch thng vi s lng ng k bi ch yu giao dch ny s dng hng ha khng vo mc ch s dng cui cng m ch yu l ch bin v sn xut nn hng ha a s l dng nguyn vt liu. Sn giao dch thng mi in t gip ngi bn gia tng khch hng hin ti, m rng knh bn hng, gim chi ph bn hng. Ngi bn c th tng cng cc dch v khch hng v thc hin nhiu giao dch hn vi khch hng. Tng kh nng ci thin dch v khch hng: Cc cng c phn tch ca TMDT cung thc y xu hng hp tc gia cc nh cung cp. Ngi mua c th bit c sn phm no c mua, ni no mua t h c th loi ra cc nahf cung cp khng ph hp v m phn vi cc nh cung cp cn li t c nhng iu kin mua hng c li hn. Hin nay, vi s cnh tranh quyt lit trn th trng th cc doanh nghip u hng ti m bo dch v chm sc khch hng mt cch tt nht thu ht v gi chn khch hng , B2B gip chm sc khch hng mt cch tt hn v hng ti khch hng nhanh chng v thun tin hn, cc doanh nghip by t vn cho khch hng v sn phm mt cch tt nht gip khch hng a ra quyt nh chnh xc cho sn phm mnh mun mua. To s minh bch v gi: Vi s tr gip ca cng ngh thng tin v h tng c s truyn thng c bit l internet cc thnh phn trong mi quan h giao dch TMDT B2B ca cc bn c th cung cp cho i tc r rng cc chi ph sn xut, vn chuyn v gi thnh chnh xc ca sn phm mt cch r rng nht, to s tin tng ln nhau. Cc khch hng ca cc doanh nghip TMDT B2B ch yu l cc doanh nghip mua nguyn liu v sn xut li bn cho ngi tiu dng hoc bn li ch t doanh nghip mua v s dng trc tip nn s lng mua hng thng ln, V th m gi c cn r rng minh bch gip c hai bn cng c li, bn khch hng rt cn iu ny bi r rng v gi c s gip h c th tnh ton ph hp cho sn phm u ra cui cng bn cho ngi tiu dng. Hn ch: Loi b cc nh phn phi v nhng ngi bn l: Vi vic tham gia trc tip vo cc sn giao dch TMDT B2B, cc doanh nghip c th d dng lin h m phn giao dch vi nhau m khng cn quan tm qua trung gian. Vic cc doanh nghip lin h trc tip vi nhau nh vy s gip gim bt chi ph giao dch, chi ph u vo. Tuy nhin, iu s em li mt s hn ch cho doanh nghip. Nu nh doanh nghip s dng trung gian marketing, qua nhng tip xc, kinh nghim, s chuyn 9

mn ha v quy m hot ng ca h s em li cho nh sn xut nhiu ddieuf li hn so vi vic nh sn xut t phn phi. Xung t knh: Nu nh trc y, cc cng ty s dng mt knh phn phi bn hng ti mt th trng hay mt phn on th trng th ngy nay vi s a dng ha khch hng, ngy cng c nhiu cng ty s dng h thng phn phi nhiu knh hay cn gi l h thng phn phi kp. S dng h thng phn phi nhiu knh c ci li l c th tip cn c nhiu i tng tiu dng song h thng phn phi kiu ny thng rt phc tp v kh kim sot ng thi c th gy xung t gia cc knh cng mt h thng v u cnh tranh bn hng. Hot ng ca cc th trng giao dch cng cng: Bt u xut hin vo nm 2003, s lng sn B2B ti Vit Nam tng trng nhanh chng trong hai nm l 2005 v 2006. Tuy nhin, n nm 2007 tc tng trng c xu hng chng li v n nm 2008 s lng sn B2B c xu hng gim i. Cho n nay tin ch ln nht ca cc sn B2B Vit Nam vn ch ng li vviecj ng ti thng tin doanh nghip v nhu cu mua bn. Hu nh cha c sn no c nhng tin ch hu dng h tr doanh nghip m phn, giao kt hp ng trc tuyn v theo di tin trnh thc hin hp ng. Cu 4: trao i d liu in t ( EDI). K/N: EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) l s truyn thng tin t my tnh ca doanh nghip ny n my tnh ca doanh nghip kia, trong c s dng mt s nh dng chun no . EDI l hnh thc TMT u tin c s dng trong doanh nghip, v tn ti nhiu nm trc y, trc khi chng ta ni ti thut ng TMT . Cho n nay EDI vn l cc giao dch quan trng bc nht trong TMT B2B . Cc d liu giao dch trong giao dch B2B bao gm cc thng tin c cha ng truyn thng trong cc ho n, phiu t hng, yu cu bo gi, vn n v bo co nhn hng. D liu thuc 5 loi chng t k trn chim ti 75% tng tt c cc thng tin trao i gia cc i tc thng mi M. Cu 5: Lch s ra i v hnh thnh: Vo nhng nm 1960, nhng doanh nghip c khi lng giao dch ln bt u trao i thng tin qua cc phiu c l hoc bng t. Vo nm 1968, mt s lng ln cc cng ty vn ti M lin kt vi nhau hnh thnh nn U ban iu phi d liu vn ti (TDCC- Transportation Data Coordinating Committee), U ban ny chu trch nhim nghin cu cc cch thc gim thiu khi lng cng vic giy t m cc nh vn chuyn phi thc hin.

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U ban ny to ra mt h thng thng tin chun bao gm tt c cc thnh phn d liu c cha mt cch ph bin trong cc vn n, ho n, t khai vn chuyn v cc mu giy t khc. Thay cho vic in ra mu giy, ngi vn chuyn c th chuyn thng tin v chuyn hng vo file d liu my tnh tng thch vi cc nh dng chun ca TDCC -> dng thc u tin ca EDI. Cu 6: S hnh thnh v pht trin ca cc chun EDI: Nm 1979, ANSI hnh thnh nn mt u ban mi c nhim v thng nht cc chun EDI. U ban ny mang tn U ban tiu chun c u quyn X12 (ASC X12Accredited Standard Committee X12). Tiu chun thng thng bao gm cc c t cho vi trm sets giao dch (Transaction Sets), l tn ca cc nh dng (format) cho cc trao i d liu kinh doanh c th. Cc set giao dch ASC X12 s dng ph bin 104 110 125 151 170 Thng tin vn ti hng khng Cc chi tit v ha n vn ti hng khng Thng tin vn ti ng b cao cp Gii thiu lp file in t d liu thu doanh thu Thng bo v thng tin hng ha 829 840 846 847 850 Yu cu hy thanh ton Yu cu bo gi Thng tin v tn kho Yu cu v vt liu Phiu t mua hng

Mc d cc chun ASC X12 c cc hng ln M nhanh chng chp nhn, cc doanh nghip thuc cc nc khc trong nhiu trng hp vn tip tc s dng cc chun ca quc gia mnh. Vo gia nhng nm 1980, U ban kinh t chu u thuc Lin hip quc (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe) mi Bc M v cc chuyn gia EDI chu u cng hp tc xy dng mt b cc chun EDI chung da trn cc kinh nghim thnh cng ca cc hng M trong vic s dng cc chun ASC X12. Nm 1987, Lin hip quc cng b nhng chun u tin di tn gi EDI cho qun tr, thng mi v vn ti (EDIFACT, hay UN/EDIFACT) Mt s sets giao dch UN/EDIFACT s dng ph bin BOPCU S CREAD V CUSDE C Bo co v cn i cn i thanh IFTCCA ton giao dch khch hng Bo n K khai hi quan Tnh chi ph gi v vn chuyn hng

QUOTES Yu cu bo gi INVRPT Thng bo tn kho

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DELFO Lch phn phi REMADV Nhn thng bo tr n R HANMO Vn chuyn v bo qun hng STATAC Din gii ti khon V ho T chc ASC X12 ng chuyn cc chun ca M sang cc chun quc t UN/EDIFACT . Tuy nhin, cha xc nh thi im cui cng cho vic hon thnh vic dch chuyn ny . Mt s kin ph phn cc chun EDI hin hnh cho rng vic cc chun ny da trn cc mu chng t giy lm cho vic tch hp cc dng d liu EDI vo cc h thng thng tin nh hng qu trnh kinh doanh tr nn kh thc hin. Vic chuyn i cc sets giao dch EDI hng ti cc qu trnh kinh doanh thay cho cc mu giao dch qua giy t c th i hi phi thit k li hon ton cc mu chun, m cc mu ny tr thnh mt b phn ca c s h tng CNTT ca nhiu t chc trong 30 nm qua. Cu 7: Nguyn l hot ng ca EDI: Mc d tng c bn hnh thnh EDI l rt n gin, nhng vic trin khai ng dng n li rt phc tp. Chng ta m t cc bc ca qu trnh mua ny thng qua vic s dng h thng da trn giy t truyn thng, sau chng ta s gii thch qu trnh ny c th thay i bng cch s dng EDI. Trong c hai v d ny, chng ta gi nh rng ngi bn s dng phng tin ring ca mnh (thay v s dng phng tin ca bn th 3) vn chuyn my n cho ngi mua. Qu trnh mua da trn giy t: Nh qun tr sn xut lm mt n Yu cu mua hng v gi n ny n B phn mua hng. Yu cu ny s m t chc nng ca chic my cn mua B phn mua hng s lin h vi nhng ngi bn, thng lng v gi c v thi hn giao hng. Khi la chn c ngi bn, B phn mua hng s hnh thnh mt Phiu t mua hng v gi phiu ny ti Phng th tn; B phn mua hng cng gi bn sao Phiu t mua hng ti B phn nhn hng b phn ny c th k hoch ho vic nhn hng khi c lch trnh c th; Mt bn copy Phiu t mua hng khc cng c B phn mua hng gi cho B phn k ton chun b v vn ti chnh; Phng th tn gi Phiu t mua hng m h nhn c t B phn mua hng n Ngi bn thng qua bu in hoc ngi a th; Phng th tn ca pha Ngi bn hng nhn c Yu cu mua hng v gi t yu cu ny n B phn bn hng; 12

B phn bn hng chun b Lnh bn hng v gi ti B phn k ton, chun b Lnh sn xut gi ti B phn sn xut. Lnh sn xut m t cc c trng ca Chic my v cho php sn xut Khi Chic my hon thnh, B phn sn xut thng bo cho B phn k ton v gi Chic my ti B phn vn chuyn; B phn k ton gi t Ho n bn hng (bn chnh) ti Phng th tn, v bn copy ti B phn vn chuyn; Phng th tn gi Ho n bn hng (bn chnh) ti Bn mua thng qua Bu in hoc Ngi a th; B phn vn chuyn ca Ngi bn s dng Bn sao Ho n bn hng lp Vn n v gi Vn n cng Chic my ti Bn mua; Phng th tn Bn mua nhn c Ho n bn hng, v gn nh ng thi B phn mua hng cng nhn c Chic my cng vi Vn n Phng th tn bn mua gi Ho n bn hng (bn chnh) ti B phn k ton, ng thi gi Bn sao Ho n n B phn mua hng B phn ny bit rng my c gi ti B phn nhn hng kim tra my, i chiu vi vn n v Phiu t mua hng. Nu my m bo cc yu cu, B phn ny lm Bo co nhn hng v gi Chic my n n v tc nghip B phn nhn hng gi Bo co nhn hng n B phn k ton. B phn k ton xem xt, kim tra tt c cc chi tit trong Bn sao Phiu t mua hng, Bo co nhn hng v Ho n bn hng (bn chnh). Nu mi vic bnh thng, B phn k ton pht hnh Sec thanh ton v gi Sec ny ti Phng th tn Phng th tn bn mua gi Sec ti Bn bn thng qua bu in hoc ngi a th Phng th tn bn bn nhn c Sec v chuyn sang B phn k ton B phn k ton so snh cc bn sao Ho n bn hng, Vn n v Lnh bn hng. Nu mi chi tit u bnh thng, B phn k ton s chuyn Sec thanh ton nhn c ti ti khon ca mnh ti Ngn hng v tin hnh hch ton thanh ton nhn c. Quy trnh mua da trn EDI: n v tc nghip gi mt thng ip in t n B phn mua hng. Thng ip ny s m t loi my cn thit phi mua B phn mua hng s lin h vi nhng ngi bn thng qua in thoi, th in t hoc cc trang Web, thng lng v gi c v thi hn giao hng. Khi la chn c ngi bn, B phn mua hng s gi mt thng ip n B phn bn hng ca bn bn m h la chn My tnh phin dch EDI ca ngi mua s chuyn thng ip ny thnh set giao dch trong mt Phiu t mua hng c dnh dng tiu chun ho, v sau gi Thng ip ny n ngi bn hng thng qua mng EDI 13

B phn mua hng cng gi mt Thng ip in t n B phn nhn hng B phn ny c th k hoch ho vic nhn hng, v g mt Thng ip khc n B phn k ton, trong c cc thng tin chi tit nh gi c tho thun. My tnh phin dch EDI ca ngi mua nhn c set giao dch Ho n bn hng trc khi B phn nhn hng ca h nhn c my, v chuyn cc d liu ca ho n vo nh dng ph hp vi h thng thng tin ca ngi mua. Cc d liu ho n lp tc tr nn hu dng i vi c hai b phn k ton v nhn hng Khi My c vn chuyn n, B phn nhn hng kim tra my, i chiu vi cc thng tin ho n trong h thng thng tin ca h. Nu my m bo cc yu cu t hng ban u, B phn nhn hng gi mt thng ip n B phn k ton khng nh rng my nhn c H thng thng tin B phn k ton so snh, kim tra tt c cc chi tit trong d liu Phiu t mua hng, ngy nhn hng, gii m set giao dch Ho n bn hng nhn c t ngi mua. Nu mi vic bnh thng, B phn k ton thng bo cho Ngn hng ca h gim s d trong ti khon ngi mua, tng s d trong ti khon ngi bn vi lng tin nh trong ho n. Mng EDI c th cung ng cc dch v thc hin cc nhim v ni trn. Cu 8: So snh qu trnh vn chuyn qua EDI v Qua giy t v li ch.? Qua giy t: Cc giao dch thng mi c thc hin thng qua cc giy t, vn bn. Cc giy t, vn bn u phi trc tip 2 bn chuyn giao cho nhau. Khi quyt nh k kt hp ng u cn bt buc c mt ca c 2 bn xc nhn, k tn, ng du. Tn nhiu thi gian v cng sc ca c 2 bn doanh nghip v cc c nhn. Qua EDI: Cc bn tham gia tha thun v chun c s dng. Cc giy t u s c thc hin trn my tnh ca mi bn v s chuyn sang my tnh bn kia bng phng tin in t theo chun tha thun. Qu trnh tch hp v trao i thng tin din ra hon ton t ng. EDI trong hot ng thng mi in t gm cc giao dch kt ni, t hng, giao dch gi hng v thanh ton. Li ch ca EDI: S tin li ca vic trao i chng t giao dch c trong v ngoi gi lm vic. Chi ph giao dch. Dch v khch hng. Kh nng i chiu so snh chng t t ng, nhanh chng v chnh xc. D liu c lu chuyn mt cch hiu qu. Quan h i tc em li hiu sut cao hn. Cu 9: Phn loi EDI, phn tch cc loi kt ni ca EDI EDI truyn thng: Kt ni trc tip n i tc s dng ng dy ring. Kt ni gin tip n i tc s dng cc mng gi tr gia tng. Internet EDI: S dng Internet l mt s thay th cho cc ng thu bao ring v cc kt ni qua in thoi DN ang s dng. Cc loi kt ni EDI: Kt ni trc tip cc i tc TM:

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Kt ni EDI trc tip yu cu mi doanh nghip tham gia mng EDI phi vn hnh mt my tnh phin dch ring ca mnh. Cc my tnh ny kt ni trc tip vi nhau bng cc s dng modem v qua cc ng dy in thoi hoc cc ng thu bao ring. Phng n kt ni qua in thoi tr nn bt tin khi cc i tc nm cc mi thi gian khc nhau vi cc giao dch nhy cm v thi gian, v khi khi lng giao dch ln. Phng n s dng ng dy thu bao ring tr nn rt t i vi doanh nghip, c bit khi h phi duy tr rt nhiu kt ni vi nhng i tc khc nhau. Cc i tc thng mi thng dng cc giao thc truyn thng khc nhau, iu ny lm cho c hai phng n kt ni trc tip u kh thc hin. Thay cho kt ni trc tip n cc i tc thng mi, cng ty c th quyt nh s dng dch v ca Mng gi tr gia tng (VAN).VAN l mt cng ty chuyn cung ng cc thit b vin thng,cc phn mm v cc k nng cn thit nhn, bo qun v gi cc thng ip in t c cha cc set giao dch EDI. s dng cc dch v ca VAN, cng ty cn phi lp t mt phn mm phin dch EDI sao cho tng thch vi VAN.Thng thng, VAN cung cp lun phn mm ny nh mt b phn trong tho thun vn hnh ca mnh. gi mt set giao dch EDI n i tc, khch hng ca VAN kt ni vi VAN bng cch s dng ng dy thu bao ring hoc ng dy in thoi, sau gi thng ip c nh dng EDI n VAN. VAN s log thng ip v chuyn thng ip n hm th nm trong my tnh VAN ca i tc. i tc s kt ni vi VAN nhn thng ip gi n mnh t hm th. Cch tip cn ny gi l kt ni gin tip v cc i tc gi thng ip qua VAN thay v kt ni cc my tnh ca h trc tip ti nhau. u im ca vic s dng VAN l: + Ngi s dng ch cn duy tr mt giao thc truyn thng thay v phi s dng nhiu giao thc nh trong trng hp trc; + VAN ghi nhn cc hot ng thng ip trong mt audit log. Audit log (nht k kim tra) VAN ny tr thnh mt bn ghi cc giao dch v iu ny rt c ch khi phi gii quyt cc tranh ci ny sinh gia cc i tc; + VAN c th cung cp vic phin dch gia cc set giao dch khc nhau (v d dch t set ASC X12 sang set UN/EDIFACT); + VAN c th thc hin kim tra tnh t ng tng thch m bo rng set giao dch c nh dng EDI ring bit. Cc mng VAN cng c rt nhiu nhc im: + Chi ph ln: Phn ln cc mng VAN i hi ng ph vn hnh, ph bo tr hng thng v ph giao dch. Ph giao dch da trn khi lng giao dch, di giao dch hoc c hai. Nhng i tc thng mi c lng giao dch t thng thy kh khn chi 15

phi chi tr ph vn hnh v ph bo tr c nh hng thng. V d, chi ph ban u cho vic trin khai EDI, bao gm phn mm, ph vn hnh v phn cng c th vt qu 50.000$. + Cc cng ty c th s dng cc mng VAN khc nhau, khng phi khi no cng d giao dch vi nhau. Mc d mt s mng VAN thc hin dch v trao i thng ip vi cc mng VAN khc, th chi ph cho dch v ny l khng th d on trc c. + Lu chuyn thng tin gia cc VAN khng phi lun lun cho php vic kim tra theo di mt cch minh bch cc giao dch lm c s cho vic gii quyt cc bt ng. EDI qua internet: EDI qua Internet cn c gi l EDI m v Internet l mt cu trc mng m. Nhiu trong s cc nh cung ng EDI mi vt qua EDI truyn thng v gip cc DN thc hin trao i thng tin nhanh hn so vi cc set giao dch tiu chun. Cu trc m ca Internet mang n cho cc i tc thng mi nhng c hi khng gii hn trong vic c bit ho (customizing) cc trao i thng tin ca h. Cc cng c mi nh Ngn ng nh du m rng (XML) gip cho cc DN tr nn mm do hn trong vic trao i thng tin chi tit. Rt nhiu hng mi bt u cc dch v EDI trn Internet. Cc hng trc kia tng cung ng dch v VAN truyn thng cng bt u chuyn sang cung ng cc dch v EDI qua Internet. Cc nhm EDI cch y khng lu gp g nhau v giao cho Nhm c nhim ASC X12 mi thc hin mt s nhim v ln: - Chuyn i cc thnh phn d liu v cc cu trc set giao dch EDI ASC X12 sang XML theo cch thc sao cho vn gi c s chuyn mt-mt tng ng gia ASC X12 v cc yu t ca d liu XML mi; - Pht trin tn cc yu t ca d liu XML cho php nhng ngi ang s dng set giao dch ASC X12 c th tip tc vn dng cc k nng, kinh nghim c khi chuyn sang s dng set giao dch XML; - p ng cc yu cu ca cc giao din my- my v ngi - my. - Cc cng ngh nh Mng ring o (VPNs- Virtual Private Networks) to kh nng m bo an ninh, lm cho vic s dng mng tr nn hp dn hn. EDI ti chnh: Cc set giao dch EDI cung cp cc ch dn cho ngn hng ca cc i tc thng mi c gi l EDI ti chnh (FEDI). Tt cc cc ngn hng u c kh nng thc hin vic chuyn ngn qu in t (ETFs- Electronic Fund Tranfers), l s chuyn ng ca tin t mt ti khon ngn hng n ti khon khc.

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 Khi chuyn ngn qu in t xy ra gia hai ngn hng, chng s c thc hin bng cch s dng mt Ngn hng thanh ton b tr (Clearinghouse), M l Ngn hng thanh ton b tr t ng (ACH - Automatic Clearing House). Nhng ngn hng c nng lc EDI l nhng ngn hng c trang b thc hin cc trao i thanh ton v cc d liu chuyn ngn qua cc mng VAN. tin cy ca cc EDI ti chnh cng cn l vn . V d, nu nh lnh chuyn mt s tin l 10 triu $ b chm li do trc trc thit b nh tuyn Internet, cc i tc thng mi c th b tn tht do khng c hng li sut trn s tin ca mnh. Gii php hn hp cho EDI ti chnh Mt s cng ty cung ng cc gii php EDI hn hp, trong s dng Internet cho mt b phn giao dch. V d, gi phn mm Bottomline Technologies PayBase cho php cc i tc thng mi gi cc lnh thanh ton qua mng Ngn hng thanh ton b tr t ng an ton v gi cc thng tin m t thanh ton chi tit trc tip ti i tc thng qua Internet. Trong khi cc thng tin m t thanh ton chi tit khng phi l cng c thanh ton trung gian, th cc mi lo ngi v an ninh s gim bt. Mt gii php hn hp khc bao gm cc dch v phin dch EDI-HTML. Cc dch v ny c cc ngn hng v cc cng ty dch v EDI cung cp. Mt v d thuc loi ny l dch v ca hng Northern Trusts NetTransact. Hng ny cung cp mt giao din cho cc doanh nghip nh c kt ni vi Internet, nhng khng c nng lc EDI. V d, nu nh c mt hng c nng lc EDI s dng NetTransact gi mt set giao dch ho n bn hng n i tc: + i tc (ngi mua) ny s nhn mt ti liu HTML thay v nhn mt d liu ho n c nh dng ASC X12. + Ngi mua hng c th c ti liu HTML ti trnh duyt Web v sau ti ti liu HTML xung b phn k ton hoc xung h thng theo di mua hng ca mnh. + NetTransact chuyn tr li ca ngi mua hng i vi ho n bn hng thnh mt set giao dch thanh ton c nh dng ASC X12 820, ri chuyn n ti ngi bn hoc mng VAN ca ngi bn. + i vi ngi bn, giao dch ny xut hin ton b l EDI. i vi ngi mua, iu ny hon ton khng kh hn vic s dng phn mm trnh duyt Web. Cc doanh nghip ngy cng s dng cc phng php kt ni vi Internet nh vy gim chi ph. Mt s nh khng l EDI ang nghin cu cch kt nhp XML thnh mt phn ca cc set giao dch EDI hoc thay th cho EDI. Cu 10: Tnh hnh ng dng EDI ti mt s nc trn th gii v Vit Nam: Hn Quc: Hn Quc tt c cc loi thng ip in t (EDI, XML v XML/EDI) u 17

c chun ha bi y ban EDIFACT Hn Quc KEC. 610 thng ip chun (262 EDI, 53 XML/EDI, 295 XML) c th trong cc ngnh, lnh vc nh thng mi, bo him, ti chnh, hi quan, in t, ng tu, vn ti bin, phn phi, t-xe my Nht Bn: Hi ng trao i d liu in t (JEDIC) l t chc hot ng nhm ph bin v thc y EDIFACT, thc y qu trnh chun ha vi c ngi bn v ngi mua cho cc giao dch kinh doanh. Kt qu cho thy 59.4% cc t chc hin nay ang p dng EDI trong cng tc hnh chnh v 53,9% ang p dng EDI trong lnh vc marketing. Vit Nam: Cng Hi Phng Ngy 21/11/2003, Cng Hi Phng trin khai xy dng h thng kt ni d liu in t EDI vi Hng tu APM. Ngy 14/6/2004, sau hn 6 thng phi hp vi Hng tu APM, ton b h thng EDI c xy dng v Hng tu chnh thc dng s liu EDI khai thc container ti Cng Hi Phng. H thng c xy dng theo tiu chun quc t EDIFACT Unilever VN: Nm 2007, Unilever Vit Nam v Metro Cash & Carry trin khai d n trao i d liu in t (EDI) trong giao dch t hng. Hin ti, Unilever mi ch trin khai EDI i vi quy trnh t hng cho mt siu th v 240 nh phn phi, t d n ny, Unilever cng s m rng rng khp n cc nh phn phi trn ton quc. Cu 11: cc yu t ca ERP v lin h: H thng cc phn mm hot ng kinh doanh s khai: H thng phn mm nhu cu nguyn vt liu. y l cc gi phn mm thng mi ha u tin tch hp cc hot ng thu mua v sn xut. H thng k hoch ha nhu cu ngun nhn lc sn xut y l h thng c xy dng bng cch m rng MRP, bao qut nhiu hn cc qu trnh kinh doanh, trong c cc h thng k ton v ti chnh. H thng k hoch ha ngun lc: Khi c gng my tnh ha cc quy trnh kinh doanh, nhiu doanh nghip trin khai cc h thng thng tin da trn nhng nhu cu c bit ca cc qu trnh kinh doanh c th. Trong nhiu trng hp iu ny dn n hnh thnh cc h thng tch bit, gy kh chu cho vc chia s thng tin, truyn tin xuyn sut cc qu trnh kinh doanh. Cn thit ra i H thng k hoch ha ngun lc. Cc iu kin cn thit trin khai ng dng ERP C s h tng thng tin, nhu cc mng, bng thng rng, mang LAN tin cy v 18

tnh tng hp ca cc mng. Mng LAN phi c ni t server tp trung ngay c trong iu kin a bn phn tn. Phn cng server, phn cng my tnh phi nng cp chy c ERP Trnh ca i ng nhn vin ,ngun nhn lc HRS. S cam kt ca lnh o cp cao ca doanh nghip v thi gian cng nh tin bc. Cam kt duy tr hot ng th cng s c s dng nh h thng sao lu ca h thng ERP phc v cho cc mc ch kim sot. Cc yu t quyt nh trin khai ERP thnh cng Yu t ngun nhn lc: Nhn vin c nng lc nghip v c th, cp lnh o c tm nhn rng v quy trnh. Yu t v quy trnh: Thc hin kho st , m t quy trnh nghip v ca doanh nghip hin ti ca doanh nghip chun ha, thch ng vi cc quy trnh chun ca ERP a ra. Yu t cng ngh: La chn ERP ca hng phn mm p ng c cc yu cu: quy trnh chun , p ng nhu cu v nghip v ca doanh nghip t nht trong 3-5 nm, c kh nng thch ng trn cc nn tng phn cng v h iu hnh ph bin, c ng dng thnh cng nhiu trn thc t. Tng thch vi h tng cng ngh thng tin v nhn lc IT ca doanh nghip. C s cam kt h tr v k thut, cp nht v li lu di t n v trin khai hoc i l chnh thc ca hng ERP. Yu t Ngn sch: La chn ERP va p ng c quy m hot ng ca doanh nghip trong thi gian t nht 35 nm, va p ng c nng lc v khon ngn sch u t. Phi thc hin kho st, nh gi, phn tch hiu qu u t mt cch chi chi tit v nghim tc trc khi quyt nh u t vo mt h thng ERP c th. 19

Lin h: H thng ERP c (2000-2005): Microsoft Dynamics SL (Solomon) SOLOMON l chng trnh Qun l ti chnh do FPT mua t hng WaterHouse Cooper (M) thay th cho chng trnh thuc d n Nng cao nng lc qun l ti chnh - Hin i ha qun l ti chnh ca Cng ty. FPT chn phn mm SOLOMON thay th vi s h tr y sau bn hng ca i tc. SOLOMON l h thng s vi d liu tp trung nhng x l phn tn, ph hp vi nhng cng ty ln, gm nhiu b phn khp ni nh FPT. Vit Nam cng c mt vi c quan mua SOLOMON nh Bnh vin Quc t, i tng s dng SOLOMON l nhng cn b qun l ti chnh; cn b bn hng, mua hng; cn b cng n, qun l khch hng ca ton Cng ty. Sau 5 nm s dng, h thng Solomon kh ng cn kh nng p ng nhu cu pht trin ca cng ty, chnh v th FPT quyt nh s dng h thng ERP mi. H thng ERP mi: Oracle Business Suite ERP Oracle Business Suite l h thng qun tr tng th doanh nghip (h thng ng dng gip doanh nghip hoch nh v qun l tt c cc ngun lc (nhn lc, ti chnh, sn xut, thng mi) ca mt doanh nghip. Ngoi chc nng qun l, ERP c th phn tch, kim tra thc trng s dng ngun lc vi mc chi tit tu theo yu cu ca nh qun l. Oracle E-Business Suite (EBS) l mt h thng ng dng vi c s s d liu tp trung, c tch hp trn 30 phn h qun l ton b hot ng ca doanh nghip: ti chnh k ton, sn xut, bn hng, mua hng, vt t, d n, nhn s, dch v... ERP c FPT trin khai trc tin ti b phn kinh doanh. Sau p dng cho h thng sn xut v lp rp my tnh FPT-Elead, cc b phn qun l nh: Qun tr nhn s v tin lng Qun l c ng Qun l h thng cht lng Qun l sn xut d n phn mm Qun l bo hnh Qun l n t hng v giao nhn hng xut nhp khu. Cui cng FPT t xy dng mt h thng bo co vi hn 400 bo co mu 20

phc v cng tc qun l v h tr ra quyt nh, trin khai cho c tp on gm tng cng ty v cc n v thnh vin. Ti FPT, ERP gip ci thin rt nhiu qu trnh kim sot ti chnh v hng tn (linh kin lp rp), cng n qua cc ch tiu, ng thi cung cp nhanh chng v chnh xc cc n hng v s liu hch ton. Quan trng nht l ERP h tr rt nhiu cho vic lp k hoch kinh doanh v ra quyt nh. Vi vic trin khai thnh cng h thng ERP, hin nay FPT c h thng qun tr tp trung v ton cu cho c tp on (FPT c 7 chi nhnh phn mm nc ngoi), phc v tt cho cc tc nghip c bn ca doanh nghip, d dng m rng cho cc n v mi.Vi h thng ERP, tp on FPT c 83 b s k ton cho 83 cng ty hch ton. Lnh o cng ty c th theo di, ghi nhn, kim sot doanh thu, chi ph, hot ng kinh doanh theo ngy, tun, thng bt k thi im no

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