Mapua Institute of Technology San Lorenzo Ruiz School of Health Sciences 333 Sen.

Gil Puyat Street, Makati City, Philippines PROJECT PROPOSAL FOR PINALAGDAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL NATURE OF PROJECT: WORKSHOP TITLE: YOUNG MEDICS PARTICIPANTS: FIVE (5) CHOSEN GRADE 6 STUDENTS OF PINALAGDAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL VENUE: PINALAGDAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, GRADE 6 CLASS ROOM DATE AND TIME: 11 & 13 JUNE 2012, 04:00 PM TO 05:30 PM
LEARNING OBJECTIVES GOAL: After the workshop, the selected Grade 6 students of Pinalagdan Elementary School will be able to gain acceptable competencies in providing first aid. OBJECTIVES: After 3 hours of workshop, the selected Grade 6 students of Pinalagdan Elementary School will be able to: 1. Discuss what is First Aid LEARNING CONTENT LEARNING STRATEGIES Lecture-Discussion EVALUATION Written examnination Oral recitation

Active participation

Demonstration

Return demonstration

1. FIRST AID: First Aid is refers to the immediate, direct treatment of an injured person. Anyone with a basic understanding of medical treatment can administer aid at the first signs of trouble. It includes simple procedures such as stopping of bleeding by applying pressure, dressing a wound, treating a burn with ointment, or setting a bone with a splint. Some typres of first aid, such as performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), require an individual to receive specialized training from an accredited first aid program. Many minor injuries can be overcome with simple, immediate medical attention. For instance, a small cut, burn, or blister can be attended to by thoroughly cleaning the injury, applying a topical antibiotic cream, and covering it with a breathable bandage. Treating bruises, muscle strains, swelling, and animal bites usually involves icing and compressing the injuries, as well as taking overthe-counter pain medications. Some injuries require medical services beyond the average persons abilities. A person who is choking or drowning, for example, may depend on a trained

RESOURCES: Materials: a. Visual aids b. Handouts/ Modules c. First Aid Kit Sterile gauze Bandage Plaster Povidone Iodine Hydrogen Peroxide Clean gloves Cotton 70% Ethyl Alcohol d. Soap e. Small towel f. Dipper g. Pins as badges

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professional to administer the Heimlich maneuver or CPR. Stroke, seizure, concussion, and fracture create special challenges for immediate medical care providers, as they are usually required to keep victims calm and conscious while temporarily relieving symptoms. Successful first aid procedures can provide relief from pain and uncomfortable symptoms and prevent further damage from infections. When treatment is administered quickly, many injuries are able to heal completely without a visit to a doctor or emergency room. Urgent care can even mean the difference between life and death in situations where professional help is unavailable or slow to arrive. http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-first-aid.htm 2. Enumerate at least three (3) importance of First Aid 2. IMPORTANCE OF FIRST AID TRAINING: a. Increases safety: The basis of first aid training is "prevention". It is always better to be safe than to be sorry. Knowledge of first aid promotes the sense of safety and well being amongst people, prompting them to be more alert and safe in the surroundings they dwell in. Awareness and desire to be accident free keeps you more safe and secure, reducing the number of causalities and accidents. b. Helps save lives: If a person who is trained to give first aid administration happens to see any casualty in his vicinity, immediate action can be taken and lives be saved. While it is natural for most of us to rush to support any injured person, a trained person is more reliable, confident and in control of himself and his actions while in trauma situations. c. Helps relieve pain: Some injuries require a very simple solution like applying ice pack or a quick rub. A ride to the emergency room is not necessary, at least not for some time. In such cases, calling a person trained in first aid courses is more reliable. They can help reduce the pain by performing simple procedures and can help relieve pain at least temporarily. d. Makes people more secure: Knowing that you can save your own life when required, or that of the people you know or those in trauma during some emergency helps you relax more and be more secure. The sense of security promotes a healthy and a more confident environment around you where you and the people around you would feel more secure. The presence of such people provides reassurance to the others in the situation. e. Prevents the situation from becoming worse: A trained person would know how to keep the situation from becoming bad to worse. They will provide temporary treatment which will keep the condition of the victim from deteriorating, till professional help arrives. Knowledge of first aid promotes a healthy, secure and a safer environment, and instills confidence amongst people, their families, their colleagues and associates. Basic first aid knowledge is very helpful in dealing with trauma situations. Not just the medical help they provide, but the confidence they exhibit is very helpful during casualties. Being trained to provide first aid is useful to oneself and society.

Manpower: Mapua Nursing students Maam Carlos MAPEH teacher

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http://healthgohealth.blogspot.com/2011/09/5-reasons-why-first-aid-training-is.html 3. Enumerate at least five (5) duties and responsibilities of being a Young Medic 3. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A YOUNG MEDIC: As a Young Medic, you have your duties and responsibilities are listed as follows: a. Promote safety: as what everyone always hears, Prevention is better than cure. As a Young Medic, you should promote safety and prevent accidents from happening. For instance, if you have noticed that there are hazardous things around the school premises, report it to your teacher. b. Remind everyone: one of your duties is to constantly remind everyone that to enjoy life, one needs not to be rough. What this means is that playtimes can be safe. Remind your schoolmates, especially those who are engaging in rough games that its always better to be safe than sorry. c. Help the injured: HELP; there is no other explanation to this. This is the most important responsibility of a Young Medic. Help everyone; never choose who you give your aid to. d. Stay calm: in times of stress, be the cool responder who does not give in to panic. Stay calm and just think of what you need to do and not think of the blood that you are looking at. Remember that they went to you because they know that you are trained to deal with minor injuries. e. Minimize pain: injuries are painful. Pain does a lot of things to a person; it makes them cry, scream, and shout. No one wants to be in pain. After treating their injury, do something about their pain. Distracting them can help in diverting their attention. You can also let them rest for a while. f. Reduce anxiety: to the young, sight of blood can cause anxiety. Comfort them by assuring that everythings going to be fine. g. Always be available: accidents are not scheduled; therefore, they can occur any time. Make yourself available especially during recess/break time. If you cant do so, you can have your fellow Young Medics. h. Always be prepared: youll never know when accidents will occur. Whats sure is if youre prepared, you will help a lot of people. 4. PROPER HAND WASHING: Since you will be handling open wounds and such, there is a great need for you to practice proper hand washing in order to be safe and to not introduce and spread infection. Protect yourself Clean your hands regularly. Wash your hands with soap and water, and dry them thoroughly. Use alcohol-based handrub if you dont have immediate access to soap and water. Washing your hands properly takes about as long as singing "Happy Birthday" twice, using the images below.

4. Demonstrate proper hand washing technique

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http://www.who.int/gpsc/clean_hands_protection/en/ 5. Identify the most common accidents among the Elementary students 5. COMMON ACCIDENTS AMONG ELEMENTARY STUDENTS: In schools, there are certain accidents that occur often. Not all of the possible injuries will be discussed. The most common accidents among the Elementary students, specifically in Pinalagdan Elementary School are as follows: Cuts and scrapes: cuts and scrapes happen when your skin is accidentally broken or worn away. This can be the result of a fall, banging against a hard object, or being cut by something sharp. Children almost always have some sort of minor skin damage just from playing. Nose bleed: The nose is a part of the body rich in blood vessels (vascular) and is situated in a vulnerable position as it protrudes on the face. As a result, trauma to the face can cause nasal injury and bleeding. The bleeding may be profuse, or simply a minor complication. Nosebleeds can occur spontaneously when the nasal membranes dry out and crack. This is common in dry climates, or during the winter months when the air is dry and warm from household heaters. Sprain: Ankle sprains are common sports injuries but also happen during everyday activities. An unnatural twisting motion of the ankle joint can happen

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when the foot is planted awkwardly, when the ground is uneven, or when an unusual amount of force is applied to the joint. Fever: Fever refers to an elevation in body temperature. Technically, any body temperature above the normal oral measurement of 37 C is considered to be elevated. Fever is not considered medically significant until body temperature is above 38 C. Anything above normal but below 38 C is considered a lowgrade fever. Fever serves as one of the body's natural defenses against bacteria and viruses which cannot live at a higher temperature. For that reason, low fevers should normally go untreated, unless accompanied by troubling symptoms. Also, the body's defense mechanisms seem to work more efficiently at a higher temperature. Fever is just one part of an illness, many times no more important than the presence of other symptoms such as cough, sore throat, fatigue, joint pains or aches, chills, nausea, etc. Diarrhea: Diarrhea is an increase in the frequency of bowel movements or a decrease in the form of stool (greater looseness of stool). Although changes in frequency of bowel movements and looseness of stools can vary independently of each other, changes often occur in both. Diarrhea needs to be distinguished from four other conditions. Although these conditions may accompany diarrhea, they often have different causes and different treatments than diarrhea. These other conditions are: Incontinence of stool, which is the inability to control (delay) bowel movements until an appropriate time, for example, until one can get to the toilet Rectal urgency, which is a sudden urge to have a bowel movement that is so strong that if a toilet is not immediately available there will be incontinence Incomplete evacuation, which is a sensation that another bowel movement is necessary soon after a bowel movement, yet there is difficulty passing further stool the second time Bowel movements immediately after eating a meal http://www.medicinenet.com/ http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/first-aid-cuts/FA00042 6. Demonstrate measures in managing the most common accidents among the Elementary students 6. MANAGEMENT: After assessing the injury, perform proper washing of hands. Make this a habit. Cuts and scrapes: Minor cuts and scrapes usually don't require a trip to the emergency room. Yet proper care is essential to avoid infection or other complications. 1. Stop the bleeding. Minor cuts and scrapes usually stop bleeding on their own. If they don't, apply gentle pressure with a clean cloth or bandage. Hold the pressure continuously for 20 to 30 minutes and if possible elevate the wound. Don't keep checking to see if the bleeding has stopped because this may damage or dislodge the clot that's forming and cause bleeding to resume. If blood spurts or continues flowing after continuous

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pressure, seek medical assistance. Clean the wound. Rinse out the wound with clear water. Soap can irritate the wound, so try to keep it out of the actual wound. If dirt or debris remains in the wound after washing, use tweezers cleaned with alcohol to remove the particles. If debris still remains, see your doctor. Thorough cleaning reduces the risk of infection and tetanus. To clean the area around the wound, use soap and a washcloth. Hydrogen peroxide or povidone iodine can be used when cleaning wound but should not be done for long-term because it can delay healing. 3. Apply an antibiotic. After you clean the wound, apply a thin layer of an antibiotic cream or ointment to help keep the surface moist. The products don't make the wound heal faster, but they can discourage infection and help your body's natural healing process. 4. Cover the wound. Bandages can help keep the wound clean and keep harmful bacteria out. After the wound has healed enough to make infection unlikely, exposure to the air will speed wound healing. 5. Change the dressing. Change the dressing at least daily or whenever it becomes wet or dirty. Instruct the patient 6. Watch for signs of infection. Instruct the patient to watch out for slow healing or any redness, increasing pain, drainage, warmth or swelling and go to the Health Center if these signs and symptoms are experienced. Nose Bleed: Most people who develop nose bleeding can handle the problem without the need of a physician if they follow the first aid recommendations below: 1. Pinch all the soft parts of the nose together between your thumb and index finger. 2. Press firmly toward the face - compressing the pinched parts of the nose against the bones of the face. 3. Lean forward slightly with the head tilted forward. Leaning back or tilting the head back allows the blood to run back into your sinuses and throat and can cause gagging or inhaling the blood. 4. Hold the nose for at least five minutes. Repeat as necessary until the nose has stopped bleeding. 5. Sit quietly, keeping the head higher than the level of the heart. Do not lay flat or put your head between your legs. 6. Apply ice (wrapped in a towel) to nose and cheeks. Sprain: Care at home can help reduce pain and aid healing. Because most of the pain is caused by inflammation, the goal is to reduce and prevent inflammation. Remember RICE: rest, ice, compression, and elevation. 1. Rest prevents further injury and avoids stress on already inflamed tissue. Put the ankle joint at rest by wearing a brace or splint. More severe sprains may be treated with use of crutches. 2. Ice is the best treatment. Applying ice to the injury will help decrease pain. 2.

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Ice counteracts the increased blood flow to the injured area. It reduces swelling, redness, and warmth. Applied soon after the injury, ice prevents much of the inflammation from developing. Do not apply ice directly to the skin. Use a towel between the ice and the injury, or use an ice bag. Apply ice for 20 minutes at a time, with at least 30 minutes between applications. This is to prevent frostbite, which can occur if you use ice too much or use it directly on your skin. 3. Compression (sometimes called "strapping") provides support and helps prevent inflammation. Elastic wraps such as Ace bandages immobilize the ankle. Do not apply wraps too tightly. 4. Elevation (keeping the injured area up as high as possible) will help the body absorb fluid that has leaked into the tissue. Ideally, prop the ankle up so that it is above the level of the heart. Sit in a reclining chair or prop your legs up with pillows. 5. Anti-inflammatory pain medications such as ibuprofen (Motrin and Advil) and naproxen (Aleve or Naprosyn) will reduce the pain and combat swelling. Fever: Generally, if the fever does not cause discomfort, the fever itself need not be treated. It is not necessary to awaken a child to treat a fever unless instructed to do so by your doctor. Paracetamol can be used to lower a fever. An individual with a fever should be kept comfortable and not overdressed. Overdressing can cause the temperature to rise further. Tepid water (30 C) bath is a remedy that may help bring down a fever. Never immerse someone in ice water. This is a common misconception. Never sponge a child or an adult with alcohol; the alcohol fumes may be inhaled, causing many problems. Diarrhea: Most diarrhea clears up on its own within a few days. To help the patient cope with the signs and symptoms until they go away, advise them to: 1. Drink plenty of clear liquids, including water and juices. But, avoid apple and pear juices until he feels better because they can make your diarrhea worse. Eating gelatin also may help. 2. Add semisolid and low-fiber foods gradually as your bowel movements return to normal. Try soda crackers, toast, eggs, rice or chicken. 3. Avoid certain foods such as dairy products, fatty foods, high-fiber foods or highly seasoned foods for a few days. 4. Let them move the bowels. Certain infections bacterial and parasitic may be made worse by OTC medications (loperamide) because they prevent the body from getting rid of what's causing the diarrhea. Also, the drug isnt always safe for children. http://www.mayoclinic.com/; http://www.medicinenet.com/

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