l0

11

t;

t:
t: li li

It ii 12 Distillation is used ;

Components of mixtures can be separated using different methods. Evaporation is used to separate soluble solids from the solvents in solutions. For example, a salt solution can be separated by evaporation into salt and water vapour. Filtration is used to separate insoluble solids from the liquid in a solid-liquid mixture. For example, chalk can be separated from a chalk and water suspension by filtration.

13

A mixture of iron filings and powdered

sulphur

can be separated by using a magnet. 14 A mixture of salt and sand can be separated by dissolving, filtering and evaporating the mixture. l5 Conservation is the intelligent use of resources. Preservation is the act of maintaining resc-lurces in their natural states. Conservation and preservation of natural resources are important to prevent the destruction of the environment, the extinction of

to obtain a liquid from a

t:

l6

solution. For example, pure water is obtained from sea water by distillation.

species and natural disasters. We should recycle materials such as glass, plastic and aluminium.

i:-

PAPERtf)., ffi':i$
on

wlultiple-choiceeuestions
Which of the following are not
correctly matched?

The Various Resources

Earth

Which is not a characteristic of

Diagram
TESOUTCCS.

sholvs Earth's
A
B

A B

metals? Shiny

Low melting point

Malleable Ductile

C D

c
D

4
Diagram I What is resource P needed for? A For building materials B For transporting digested food in the body C For combustion and respiration D For supplying energy

Which is not a product from

living things?

Which statement about compounds is not correct? A The elements in a compound can be mixed in any
proportion.

A B
C D

Plastics

Dairy products Clothes Furniture

Elements, Compounds

and Mixtures
Which of the following shows the arrangement of particles in
mixture? A

The properties of a compound are different from the properties of the elements that make it. An exchange of energy takes place during the formation of a compound. D A compound cannot be broken down by physical
methods

,Yhich of the following is not

tenefit of

air?

B
C D

Enables living organisms to breathe Enables plants to carry out photosynthesis Enables combustion to take
place

oo oo

0
O

Cf

Enables metals

to

rust

(,

/--O ,'--O -

/-9 otcU ,-A

Which of the following methods does not produce a mixture? A Heating sand and water B Burning hydrogen in air C Adding iron filings to sulphur

powder Pouring sugar into water

Diagram

is a Venn diagram.

q-nr"tuf :--_

,T-;nri*tii. :--"<1__,-

A Aluminium, mercury zinc B Carbon, mercury gold C Argon, magnesium, tin D Tungsten, silicon, iron

l8
PMR

ffi

The following are examples of metals and non-metals.

Diagram 2

t4 Which comparison

betr,veen metals

. Carbon . Phosphorus . Mercury . Zinc

Which classification is correct?

Which of the following represents P in Diagram 2?

and non-metals is not conect?

A B
C D
l0

Mercury Copper
Lead

Bronze

A B

Shinv surface

rrutit !:t! l_!v' i surfu."

Dull

t----

l
l

Metals
Mercury zinc

Non-metols
Carbon,

phosphorus

High melting ' Low melting

point

Which of the following molecules is not a compound?

c
o

A^^Cd"'-wJ r$il*a# .\-{ ) v\ry \_4,,<

BDV

;.ttl" l:l
I Puctlle

point tr4A"Je
shows

mercury__
]

I zlnc

Phosphorus,

_ _il",{gl"
hruo

(X-)

I5 Which of the following

elements?

Zinc, carbon i tvtercury, ! Pr ruJPr rwr uJ I phosphorus Phosphorus, j Zinc, carbon

a compound made up of

@r-rdry#
v

O-o
16
heat

Aa@ @, c [G@- s

l9 Diagram 5 shows that the

I

bulb
is

ll

The following information is about the characteristics of a

substance.

l@l l*%l 'ffi;4qI o F;-r; l* P looel

mixture ol sand

lights up when the circuit switched on.

bulb

. A liquid . A good conductor of

High boiling point

Diagram 4 shows a mixture of sand and water being separated by filtration.

Which of the following

substances has the above
cha racteristics?

A Alcohol B Carbon C Silver D Mercury

12 Diagram

Diagram 5

What is connected at P?

A
shows the Diagram 4

Plastrc

What are P and O?

B Wood C Aluminium D Rubber

Diagram 6 shows the arangements of atoms in substances P, Q and R.

A
B

c
Diagram 3
D 17 Which
PMR

What are P and Q?

of the following

1--- P L-e-correct? n -c-arbon I S.Lt ---*-l ffi e gyq". _-llsayqfer- I

I

classifications of substances is

%"1 F;l ol l* *l lo o

c Steet D Arr

I
I

Hipl'"

Milk

I
'

A
B

l3

Which of the following -_J consists of metals only?

c
D

Diagram 6

What do P, Q and R represe-:

a
Compound Element Element

R
Element Mixture

PMR

Compound Mixture Elemeni

ffi

22 The following steps are used to separate a mixture of iron filings, sand and fine sugar. P

Appreciating the lmportance of Earth's

Resources

Dissolving in water
Filtering

c
D
21

Mixture Compound

-0mp0unc
Mixture

Q-Usingamagnet

23

Which of the following materials

5R

Evaporating

A
B C D
24

cannot be recycled?
Food stuff Aluminium tins Newspapers Plastic bottles

Which of the following methods cannot be used to separate the components of a mixture?

Mixture
Ethanol

Method
A separating
funnel

A P+Q-+5+R B R+P+5-+Q C Q-+P-+R-->S

D

Which is the conect sequence of steps used to separate the three substances?

and water
Sand and

5-+Q+P+R

A magnet
Evaporation
Filtration

iron powder Salt and carbon Chalk and water

Which of the following steps is not effective in conserving the natural resources on Earth? A Replanting trees that have been cut down B Reusing waste materials c Obtaining more petroleum

from the Earth's crust

Recycling waste materials

f,APER

Structured Questions

fuction A

"

a) What is a

mixture?

mork)

(a) Which substance

b) Choose a mixture in the following states from

ihe

an element, a mixture and a

in

Diagram

represents

list.

respectively?
P, Q and R.

compound (3 marks)

salt water, bronze, air

(b) Draw lines to match the following substances to

Substonce

(i) Cas (ii) Liquid

(iii)
Solid

(3

morks)

:)

State a physical method which can be used to separate the following mixtures. (i) Sugar and water (ii) Alcohol and water (iri) Sand and water (3 morks)

Air Carbon dioxide

Oxygen

{;)

Water vapour

@ @
e

I I

(3 morks)
and

agram

shows three substances,

p e and R.

oo
P

fr
o
Diagram
1

(c) Explain the differences in the formation of and

oo
R

the ratio of constituents beilveen

R.

(2

morks)

Diagrams 2(i) - 2(iv) are steps used to separate mixture of sand, iron filings and salt.

(c)

(i) State the process of the step

2(iii).

in

Diagre.

(ii) Name the substance removed in this

process

(t

mc,

(1 mct

(d)

(i)
(ii)

2(1iv)
Process.

State the process of the step

in

Diagr.mc-.t

(1

Name the substance removed in this

(1 mcl

salt, sand and waler

$eeffirn B

The experiment in Diagram 3 shows how water and sugar are separated from a sugar solution.

ii)

retort stand

\ -<f

salt. sanc and water filter paper filter funnel

Diagram 3

(a) What
(i

ii)

solution?

is the purpose of boiling the

su.m,

(2 mc,:
3.
t

salt solution evaporating dish

4.
I

(b) Name the process labelled p in Diagram (c) Why

(1 mc-t

solution?

is the glass sheet placed over :-*

(2 mc":,t

(d) Name the process labelled

Diagram 2

in the diagrar

(1 m:'l

G) Wlqt is separared from the mixture in

2(i)?
is

Diagram

nork)

(e) How can you prove that the liquid in the be.,errr is water? (2 mcl:,,

(b) W!:!

2(ii)?

the purpose of the step shown in Diagram

(f)

e iork)

What is the taste of the solid left in the cruc:B at the end of the experiment? (1 m:-

Three requirements for combustion are . a substance that can burn (fuel)

Cigarette smoke contains pollutants like nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide and carcinogens.
by:

. .

oxySen

12 Air pollution can be reduced or prevented

heat

9
l0

Combustion of carbon: Carbon + oxygen -+ carbon dioxide + energy Combustion of hydrocarbon: Hydrocarbon + oxygen -+ carbon dioxide + water

enerSy

Sources and effects of air pollutants:

. using public transport or car pooling . using unleaded petrol . not using CFCs and related products . recycling . saving energy Senerated by power stations o not smoking r planting more trees
Sources

,-

pAtut*;r---

-_i

iA;il" r"."-U"
, Oxides

_-.

- - -- iff"at ---"--_-i
headaches
i

prevents blood from transporting oxygen, I gurning of carbon and vehicle exhausts

j causes

of nitrogen I Damages lungs and causes acid

rain

I Sutp6rr

dioxide

-t-

] Burning of fossil fuels in factories and exhausts I vehicle

rn

f"ua ,1

i Combustion of leaded petrol .orpouna, I Cuut"t brain damage 1, i Combustion of fossil fuels i Carbon droxtde trreenhouse effect Dust and smoke j Urty bulldings, irritate lungs and poor I Smoke from factories, forest fires and I dust from conslruction sites visibility
".-:. *.."";:"--.;-;:^;;-;,;*;*;;;;.;,*;,*i\!4*r:%Lidri?*i$:urr!si'rfr:i{4:rrsi:,isj:i*1}iir:j?)r;*R.'nus.;*.rli*e::i$i;*{..

Cuut"t breathing difficulties and acid I Combustion of coal and petroleum _ t_lu,

rIq"l"'

PAPER{$}

Multiple-choiceQuestions ";i
Which statement about air
is

+li:]ffi ih; c;d;iii;; I Diagram I shows the

composition of dry air

Ai;
A
B
C

true?

B C
D

Which are the conect compositions of the following

gases in air?

Air is a mixture of gases. Air is weightless. The composition of carbcdioxide in air is not fixed. The percentage of oxyger the highest in air.

Which two gases make up

r:

'

i-"--t^
',

o*ys n

n
Diagram I

" l- -.-. .. *:..--.

l': :?.,T-'i

_'l-----'---"'l
N itros e

than 950/o of air? A Oxygen and nitrogen

i

What are the gases represented by Q and R?

g i lo/o I 0.O3oro i -/Ba,o i__* _ -.-__. 5 i, c ; 21oro , 0.030/0'-f--- 7go/a *M - ---D : 7l]2 | 2rl1'_r 9_03j,. j iffi
i
:

--.f o,or.{1r,l.B"/:_) -f----""-i--'

l----'1

_?!:

B Oxygen and carbon dioxrc= C Nitrogen and carbon dio: -. D Nitrogen and inert gases
Diagram 2 shows a beaker containing ice cubes and cc
water.

l0

Table I records the observations of the tests on a mixture of gases in test tubes P and Q.

I re't tuni f--Diagram 2

i
i

,lJvlut'v'li

: Inverted over a I solution

50lU
LIOI

,',^ich statement about the --:plets formed on the outer :,Tace of the beaker is conect?

i I r I

Alkaline pyrogallol solution containing alkaline pyrogallol i rises in the test I

Expeyimen! beaker

!
I

gn::ryollo

tube.

A B
C

i Sodium hydroxide solution I lnverted over a containing sodium hydroxide rises in the test tube
I

beaker
Table I

The droplets have a salty taste. The droplets turn red litmus paper blue. ihe droplets have a pH value

ct f.

D ihe droplets turn white

anhydrous copper sulphate pink.

The mixture of gases contains A hydrogen and carbon dioxide

{ 3
v

small specks can be seen -=-,' beam of light entering a a -:'K room. This is because the . - n the room contains
,

B C D

oxygen and nitrogen

carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxygen and carbon dioxide

Which of the following obseruations is correct? A The sodium hydroxrde solution level rises in test

tube

P.

Diagram 3 shows the set-up of experiments P and Q.

B
C

The sodium hydroxide solution level rises in test

.nicroorganisms
.,rater vapour lcll ld5Us

tube e.
The sodium hydroxide solution level in both test tubes does not rise. The sodium hydroxide solution level in both test tubes rises.

:ust particles
The Properties of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

qu.

x-l-

Y
|

gas X

D
sodium hydroxide solution

'oi"tnru"-Ll \JJl
litmus paper P

--:

l5

{ollowing information is :::.rt the properties of a gas.

Diagram 3

Which of the following is the confirmatory test for oxygen? A Place a glowing splinter in
oxySen.

. Soluble in water . Joes not support

,

. lurns blue litmus paper

combustion
red

-..
I -

,'- ch of the following gases

The results show that the blue litmus paper turns red and the sodium hydroxide solution rises in the test tube. Which of the following is gas X?

B
C D

Bubble oxygen ihrough lime

water.

ihe properties listed

'.:+-^^^.^ \IUUECI
I

above?

ts

I I

)xygen

iydrogen larbon dioxide

A Argon B Nitrogen C Oxygen D Carbon dioxide

12
test tubes, P and Q, which contain oxygen and carbon dioxide respectively, inveried into two separate beakers containing sodium hydroxide solution. Diagram

Place red and blue litmus papers in oxygen. Bubble oxygen through sodium hydroxide solution.

4 shows two

,- :h

Oxygen is Needed for Respiration

14 Diagram

of the following statements

r 3 L I

:'.re about oxygen?

5 shows the apparatus

: supports

combustion.

set-up of an experiment.

. is not soluble in water.

rurns clear lime water : oudy. : is soluble in sodium -',,droxide solution.
a test

cockroach alkaline pyrogallol solution

-,:- of lime water, the lime water ---; cloudy. Which gas present in : = air causes this change?

r"-i:r iir is bubbled through

{ 3 I )

:rgon

Diagram 5
hydroxide

".rtrogen larbon dioxide

)xygen

Diagram 4

The cockroach in the test tube dies after some time. Which conclusion is true?

no oxygen in the test tube. B The air in the test tube is full of carbon dioxide. c The air in the test tube is too
hot. D The air in

A There is

What is observed after one

hour?

Cas bubbles appear in

ln an experiment, ten snails are put inside an enclosed

container. Predict the change. that happen to the air in tie

the coloured liquid in the

beaker.

the test tube

is

moist.

The sodium hydroxide solution becomes cloudv. The coloured liquid in the
glass

container after 30 minutes.

l5 Which of the following

PMR

gases is

tube

rises.

ffi humans?
A
F
H

given out during respiration in

Nitrogen

The coloured liquid changes

colour.

A
B

B Oxygen C Helium D Carbon

16 Diagram

l8 Diagram B shows

candles

c
D

dioxide

P and Q burning in inhaled air and exhaled air respectively

si
1i

6 shows the apparatus

21

set-up to investigate respiration

Oxygen is Needed for Combustion Diagram 9 is the apparatus s. up to investigate the percentai: of oxygen in air.

ft
$i
Fi $'

in living organisms.

drop of red ink

candle P colton soaked

in sodium hydroxide solution drop of red ink

candle O

Diagram 8

Which of the following

A
cockroach

observations is true? Candle P goes out before

B
S

candle Q does.
Candle Q goes out before candle P does. Both candles go out at the same time. Candles P and e

thermometer

w ll tt
b#cockroach

C D
aLarine
pyrogallol solution

Diagram 9

continue burning for a long time.

cockroach ( f \_./
Diagram 6

l9

Table 2 shows the changes in

ffi
ffia1#

.P[,!B

the percentages of three gases in inhaled air and exhaled air.

Percentoge of gos
Gos

AP BQ
CR DS 22

When the candle stops burninq the water level in the gas jar u rise to which level?

Which apparatus shows that living things use oxygen during

respiration?

AP BQ
17 Diagram

CR

lnholed

Exhaled

D5

air
Oxygen

oir
16

Diagram lO shows the set-up :an experiment.

7 shows an experiment

2l
0.03
78
Table 2

to rnvestigate respiration in living

organisms.

Carbon dioxide Nitrogen

7B

The percentage of oxygen in exhaled air decreases because

sodium hydroxide solution

A B
C D

oxygen is

Diagram 10

Diagram 7

siored in the heart released through sweating used up in respiration in the blood vessels

Which of the following observations on the tests carriec out on the droplets formed on the wall of the beaker is correc-

Obseruotion
Red litmus Turns blue Turns red

Which sequence of steps is correct?

-?gp=l

Hydrogen carbonate indicator

A P-+ Q-+R B Q-+R-+P C R'+ P-+Q DR-+Q-+P

25 Table 3 shows the percentages of four gases, P, Q, B and S in air"

27 Diagram l3 shows a lighted candle in an inverted beaker. Tests are carried out on the liquid formed inside the beaker
beaker

i Lrme

L___

water _L__ cloudy lTurns slue coUalt lrrint pi* -

burning candle

chloride
23

paper

6os in oir
P

Percentoge
-7Bo/o

plasticine

Diagram I I shows four lighted candles, P, Q, R and g in four different containers.

O
R
-s

21o/o

Diagram I3
1o/o

0.030/o Table 3

Which observation is correct? A The liquid turns lime water

cloudy.

AP BQ
26

Which gas would be completely used up when a candle burns?

B C
D 28

"

CR DS

The following is an equation for the combustion of

hydrocarbons in the air.

The liquid changes moist blue litmus paper red. The liquid turns white anhydrous copper(ll) sulphate blue. The liquid turns hydrogen carbonate indicator yellow.

Hydrocarbon

oxygen

-+ P +

Which of the following is not a product formed when a candle

bu rns?

FS
Diagram I I
','Vhich candle extinguishes first?

What do P and Q represent?

P Carbon dioxide Nitrogen
Water D

Heat

AP BQ

CR

o
Water Water Hydrogen

D5

B Carbon C Water vapour D Carbon dioxide

ffi
illr

)iagram l2 shows an experiment to determine the

)ercentage of oxygen in the air.

Water

Inert gases

_::-fl

oas Br candle flame

rmnje

tl__J
3eginning ol

I I

29

Which comparison between respiration and combustion is correct? Respiration

A Produces carbon dioxide Occurs inside living cells

go"" ort

Combustion
Uses carbon dioxide Occurs outside living celis Releases energy
Takes palce under bright

4 -l*u,u,.-F
:periment Diagram 12
--:re
End of experiment

following information refers .r the steps taken during the

Does not release energy

Takes place under bright and dark conditions

e.rperiment.

condition only

P:

Record the water level in the gas jar when the flame goes out. Divide the gas jar above the water level into five

?:
R:

ffi*:*-ry:ffi:ffiffi Air Pollution

50
Which of the following is not a source of air pollution? A Exhaust fumes from motor
vehicles

The burning of rubbish in the

open

equal parts.
Light the candle and invert the gas jar over the lit candle.

The evaporation of water from a polluted pond Burning coal to generate electricity in power stations

3l

The carbon dioxide content in

33
Keeping the Air Clean

the air increases as a result of

human activities. This causes the temperature of the Earth to rise. This effect is known as A air pollution B thinning of the ozone layer C greenhouse effect

Which suggestion does not kee the air clean?

32

ffi ffi

natural disaster

Which of the following steps can control air pollution and keep the air clean? A Smoke in public places B Use leaded petrol C Car pool whenever possible

C D

Use CFC-free products Fit catalytic converters in vehicles Use unleaded petrol Smoke only in the toilet

Practise open burning

PAPER

Structured Questions

Serfd*m.4

The pie chart in Diagram 1 represents the composition of gases in air.

(a) State one hypothesis for the experiment Diagram 2. (1 mor (b) State the followrng variables in the experimen:

(2 mork.
Diagram I

(c)

Did the tuuo candles burn for the same lengh

time?

(a) Name the components P, Q and

R. (3
air.

(1 mar,

morks)

(b) State the percentages of Q and R in

(2 morks)
(c) Draw lines to match carbon dioxide with
properties.
its

(d) Cive one reason for the answer in (c). (1 mar,

(e) What principle

is applied when studeextinguishes a small fire in the lab with sand?

(1 mor,

i=--**Prrp"rf,'*f
Rekindles a glowing wooden

Complete the table by comparing the properlies oxygen and carbon dioxide.

I splrnter

F::1G
Diagram

{Very soluble in sodium

Property
(a) Solubility in water

Oxygen

Carbon

jy{t9'19"'glgtlol-___

dioxide

$ Not

$turns moist blue litmus

tolrbl" t---------- in water

L!-1P"'F{
(2 morks)

(b)
(c)

Solubility in sodium
hydroxide solution

Solubility in alkaline
pyrogallol solution

shows the apparatus set-up

--l

of

an

experiment.

(d) Test with lime water

l)

]-l

1tL-n.

>

(e)

Test

with burning

splinter
Test

(D

with moist blue litmus paper

Diagram 2

(6 mor<:

The apparatus in Diagram 3 is set up to study inhaled air and exhaled air.

(e) What happens

tube?

to the lime water in the test (1 mork)

(f)
exhaled air

What inference can be made from the answer in (1 nork) (e)?

(g)

A candle

is an example of a hydrocarbon. What are the products of the combustion of

hydrocarbons?

(1 nork)
in

The experiment set-up

Diagram 3

Diagram
coloured liquid

5 shows what

occurs during respiration. cockroach wire gauze

(a) What happens to the lime water in test tube P (1 nork) during the experiment? (b) What happens to the lime water in test tube Q (1 mork) durrng the experiment?

\ /)___J_* Esps I &(.\-.d I

\+,___,1L1 '../
I

// tube

glass

Aa/ffi

EgSt

cotton wool soaked in sodium hydroxide solution

(a)

.t

:i

(c)

and Q.

Explain the differences observed in test tubes P (2 morks)

coloured liquid

:;

i1

(d) What process brings about these differences?

(t

mork)

cotton wool soaked in sodiunn hydroxide solution

(b)

(e) State hryo other differences between inhaled air

and exhaled air

(2 morks)

Diagram

(a) State the problem that is being investigated in (1 mork) the experiment in Diagram 5.

Section B

shows the set-up of an experiment to investigate the products of a burning candle. Diagram

(b) What is the hypothesis of this experiment?

(1 mork)
(c) State the variables in this experiment:

-*
cold water U-tube colourless liquid

to filter pump

(i) Manipulated variable (ii) Responding variable

Constant variable

lesl tube
lime water

(iii)

(3 morks)
(d) Why is sodium hydroxide solution used?

(1 mork)
Diagram 4

(a) What happens when the external surface of the

funnel is touched?

(e) What happens at the end of the experiment?

(1 mork)

(2 morks)

(b) What inference can be made from the answer

G)?

(f)
in

What is the use of the apparatus in Diagram

(1 mork)

s(b)?

(1 mork)

(c) What happens when the colourless liquid in the

U-tube is tested with a piece of dry cobalt chloride
paper?

(g) Explain the movement of the coloured liquid in (1 nork) test tube (a).
(h) What can you conclude from this experiment?

(1 nork)
(1 mork)

(d) What inference can be made from the answer in

(c)?

(2 nork)