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by Erik Skettrup, J0rgen Strabo, Niels Houmark Andersen, and Troels Br0ndum-Nielsen
w =
bd f.m
in each of the adjacent beams is given in Table 1. A,
denotes the cross-sectional area of the main reinforce-
ment.
1
I All Wba1 lie within
this interval
I I
I I
I
0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5
Fig. 11 - Correlation between the mechanical ratio of reinforcement wand the efficiency 17
Strain E
forcement greater than about 0.2 and subjected to an two new arrangements gave a carrying capacity of the
opening bending moment, cannot resist the same bend- corners of the same magnitude as for the adjacent
ing moment as the adjacent beams. For the 1980 tests, beams. This was confirmed by the tests in 1982. In 1982
592 ACI JOURNAL I November-December 1984
three new arrangements were tested. The results of w mechanical ratio of reinforcement
these tests were satisfactory, but the number of tests wbal mechanical ratio of reinforcement correspond-
was rather limited. ing to balanced reinforcement
The reinforcement arrangements found to be satis- as stress in reinforcement
factory with respect to the specified strength criterion
involve practical disadvantages because correct bending CONVERSION FACTORS- Sl TO INCH-POUND
and placing of the reinforcement and satisfactory plac- To convert from to multiply by
ing and compaction of the concrete in the congested
mm in. 0.03937
corner zone call for qualified labor.
m ft 3.281
MN lbf 224.8 X IOJ
RECOMMENDATIONS
MN·m ft-lb 737.6 X 103
For high percentages of reinforcement, the test re-
MPa psi 145.0
sults indicate that concrete frame corners subjected to
an opening bending moment and reinforced according
to Fig. 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 are superior to concrete frame REFERENCES
I. CEB-FIP Model Code for Concrete Structures, Comite Euro-
corners reinforced according to Fig. 2 and 3. lnternational du Seton/Federation lnternationale de Ia Precon-
trainte, Paris (English Edition, Cement and Concrete Association,
NOTATION Wexham Springs), 1978, 348 pp.
As cross-sectional area of steel 2. Swann, R. A., "Flexural Strength of Corners of Reinforced
Meal calculated ultimate bending moment Concrete Portal Frames," Technical Report No. TRA 434, Cement
Mtest ultimate bending moment found by test and Concrete Association, Wexham Springs, Nov. 1969, 14 pp.
3. Balint, P. S., and Taylor, H. P. J., "Reinforcement Detailing
b width of cross section
of Frame Corner Joints with Particular Reference to Opening Cor-
d effective depth ners," Technical Report No. 42.462, Cement and Concrete Associa-
ds diameter of reinforcement tion, Wexham Springs, Feb. 1972, 16 pp.
fem mean strength of concrete 4. Nilsson, lngvar H. E., "Reinforced Concrete Corners and Joints
hm mean yield strength of steel Subjected to Bending Moment," Document No. D 7:1973, National
Swedish Institute for Building Research, Stockholm, 1973, 249 pp.
h total depth of cross section
5. Stroband, J ., and Kolpa, J. J.; "The Behaviour of Reinforced
maximum concrete compressive strain Concrete Column-to-Beam Joints," Reports No. 5-81-5 and 5-83-9,
steel yield strain Department of Civil Engineering, Stevin Laboratory, Delft Univer-
efficiency, i.e., ratio between M,,5 , and Meal sity of Technology, 1981 and 1983.