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Diagnostic activity in patiens with suspected irritable bowel syndrome should be brief and focussed,

limited to investigations that are likely to exclude serious alternative diagnoses and when negative
support a positive diagnosis of IBS. The diagnosis of IBS is clinical, and is robust over time, although
other symptoms may add to the clinical picture and other symptoms of functional disorders are
common. The most important differential diagnoses are celiac disease, colocteral carcinoma and
colitis. Red flag symptoms and signs should be considerees indications for full colonoscopy, which
should be performed with a low threshold in patients above 50 years of age. Serologic markers are
useful to exclude celiac disease, but positive test must be confirmed with duodenal bipsies.

The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome is high in all populations/regions of the world in which
epidemiological studies have been performed, which includes several European, North American, but
also Asian and African countries. Prevalance rates in the order of 9 to 25 % are most often cited,
always highest in women. Differences in cultural factor, including reporting of symptoms and health
care seeking behabiour, extent of urbanisation and diet, are likely explain the modest

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