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    Corrosion 01

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    40 views21 pages

    Corrosion 01

    Uploaded by

    suresh
    Corrosion 01

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 21

    Prepared and Presented By:

    Abdulaziz M. Al-Arfaj
    Sr. Mechanical Inspector
    Introduction

    In the petroleum industry, the primary


    responsibility of the inspector is to insure plant
    safety, quality of materials, and achieve
    maximum plant reliability and efficiency. The
    piping system makes up a major part of the any
    petroleum processing operation,a very
    important part of the piping system is the
    valve.
    Definition & basic function
    General :
    The most common mechanical device used in
    Saudi Aramco plants is the valve.
    Definition:
    The Valve is a mechanical device that is used to
    control the flow of liquids & gases through the
    piping system.

    Basic Functions of valves:


    1. Shut off or open a system to fluid flow.
    2. Regulate or throttle any fluid flow.
    3. Prevent backflow.
    4. Relive pressure.
    Maine categories of valves

    Valves have four main categories in Saudi Aramco


    Plant & Piping Services :

    • Block Valve (Gate, Ball, Plug, Butterfly, Diaphragm, Globe)


    • Throttle Valve (Globe,Butterfly, Diaphragm,)
    • Automatic Control Valves
    • Check Valves
    Gate Valve
    GATE VALVE

    About 75% of all valve in process


    plant are gate valves.
    The gate valve is an optimum
    engineering and economic
    Choice for on or off service. This
    type of valve is not suitable to
    throttle flow because the valve
    seating surfaces can erode rapidly
    from fluid flow when the valve is
    not in the fully open or fully closed
    position.
    Valve symbols
    Gate Valve
    Plug Valve
    When quick on/off
    or tight shutoff is
    required a plug valve
    is good choice as
    block valve, since it
    operated by a handle
    instead of a wheel,
    only a quarter (1/4)
    turn of the handle
    will change the plug
    from fully closed to
    fully open.
    PLUG VALVE
    Ball Valve

    Ball valve like plug valve


    requires only ¼ turn.
    Soft seated ball valve are
    not normally used for
    throttling service
    because the valve soft
    seats will be subjected to
    erosion or distortion
    /displacement caused by
    fluid flow.
    Advantage of Plug and Ball valves over Gate Valves

    - Close the line more quickly than gate valve


    - Plug valve and ball valves are considered to be
    tight
    shut-off (TSO) valves.

    However, plug valve and ball valve are more


    expensive than gate valve. For this reason, they are
    not as common as gate valves.
    Angle Valve

    An Angle Valve is a
    globe valve which is
    combined with the
    function of a 90 deg.
    Elbow, which needed
    where the piping makes
    a 90 deg. Turn. Angle
    Valve come in class
    rating from 150 to 600
    and in sizes from ½ inch
    to 12 inches.
    Butterfly Valve

    The butterfly valve uses a flat


    circular disk control line flow
    in the piping system. Butterfly
    valve can be used as block
    valve or a throttle valve.
    Although a Butterfly Valve
    constitute a small percentage
    of all valves used in process
    plant application, their low
    cost and simple operation
    warrant their consideration
    whenever possible.
    Globe Valve

    Globe Valve are multi-


    turn throttling valve. All
    Glove Valve patters
    involve a change in flow
    direction, they are not
    suitable for piping system
    that requires scraping.
    Rarely used for strictly
    on/off block valve
    operation (gate valve
    lower cost and much lower
    pressure drop).
    Automatic Control Valves

    Automatic Control Valves is similar to a


    glove valve because it is used to control
    the rate flow. Notice that the automatic
    control valve has no wheels, handles or
    levers to operate. The top of the valve has
    a diaphragm that moves the valve stem.
    An instrument control system change the
    pressure on the diaphragm to open, close
    or adjust the valve. Automatic control
    valves are found throughout any large
    plant and are used to control such things
    such as temperature, flow, liquid, level,
    and pressure.
    Needle Valve
    Needle Valve are
    throttling valve
    that are used for
    very accurate
    control of flow
    with a ranging
    size from 1/8 to
    1 inch, they
    come in all
    classes and they
    are often used at
    high pressure.
    Diaphragm Valve

    Diaphragm Valve are


    multi-turn, corrosion
    proof valves. They may
    be operated open,
    throttled or closed. A
    diaphragm corrosive
    and dangerous system
    products. A diaphragm
    valve is a pack less valve
    where the flexible
    function as both a
    closure and a seal.
    Swing Type Check Valve
    Check Valves are designed to
    prevent flow reversal for
    system that required
    protection against backflow.

    Swing-Type Check Valve


    When the system products is
    flowing, a disc inside the valve
    is forced open allowing the
    product to flow. If flow
    direction changes (back flow)
    the disc swing down onto a
    seat and the valve is closed.
    Other Types of Check Valve

    Piston check valve (A)

    Lift check valve (B)

    Ball check valve ( C )


    Safety ”Pop” valve

    A safety pop valve is


    an automatic
    pressure reliving
    device. Usually
    Safety pop valves
    are used in piping
    systems where the
    product is a gas such
    as steam,
    compressed air or
    natural gas.
    BI- 3150 VALVES QUANTITES

    Around
    13737
    valves
    will be
    installed in
    Berri
    Ethan
    Recovery
    Project @
    BGP
    Conclusion
    For an inspector to do a better job he must have
    a good basic understanding of the equipment
    that he will be inspecting . In this case inspector
    must be able to identify the type of the valve,
    and its function within the piping system,
    moreover identifying the internal part of the
    valve and their functions & to be able to identify
    the material used in the valve parts.

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