UNIT 5.

INTERACTION AND HEALTH

4th Grade Primary School / Natural Science

Pedro Antonio López Hernández
Colegio La Presentación de Granada
 INTERACTION

It is a vital function of living things. Human beings have five senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch.

We use our senses to detect stimulus around us and send messages to the brain.

1 2 3

Our sense organs The NERVIOUS

receive SYSTEM interprets The
information from this information MUSCULOSKELETAL
our and decides SYSTEM allows us to
SURROUNDINGS. how to respond. carry out those
This is called responses.
STIMULUS. For example:
The decision in to For example:
For example: open an Open the umbrella
It is raining umbrella.
 SIGHT Our EYES are sense organs that take in light and give us sight.

It is surrounded by other
The eyeball protective parts that keep it safe

- It is the main part of the eye.

- It is a round-shaped organ made up of

these parts: 1. EYEBROWS and
EYELASHES help keep
dust and sweat out of
2. The IRIS is the eyes.
the coloured
circle at the
front of the 1. The PUPIL
eye. It can be is the black
green, brown circle in the
and blue. middle of
the IRIS. It
lets light into
the eye.
2. LACRIMAL GLANDS
produce tears that 3. EYELID stops excess
keep the eye clean light from coming in
3. The RETINA is a layer of cells inside the eye. It turns the and moist. and damaging the
light that enters the eye into NERVE SIGNALS so the eye.
brain can understand what the eye is seeing.
 HEARING The EAR is the sense organ that we use to hear sounds. It has three part:

3. EARDRUM is a thin piece 4. OSSICLES BONES: They are three

2. EAR CANAL: the sound of skin. When the sound is tiny bones. The vibration of the
travels to the eardrum. here, it begins to vibrate. Eardrum move along this until they
reach the COCHLEA.

5. COCHLEA is a small,
spiral shaped cavity.
1. Sound
Tiny hairs in the cochlea
enters
send signals along the
though EAR
AUDITORY NERVE to the
FLAP or
brain, which is interprets as
PINNA.
sound.

The outer ear The middle The Inner ear

(Ear flap and ear canal)
ear
(Cochlea and
(Eardrum and auditory nerve)
ossicles bones)
 SMELL
We use our NOSE to smell things. “We can distinguish the fragrance or odour of things”.

OLFACTORY BULB identifies different smells and sends this information to the brain.

The NASAL SEPTUM divides NASAL CAVITY

the nasal cavity into two
parts.

NOSTRIL has two holes

at the end of the nose
where air comes in an
goes out.
 TASTE

We can experience different flavours.

The tongue

It is the sense organ that allows us to taste things. In order to taste the flavours of food, the tongue needs to
mix food with SALIVA.

It is covered in tiny BUMPS called TASTE BUDS that help us identify four basic tastes:

1. SOUR 2. BITTER

4. SALTY
3. SWEET
 TOUCH
It allows us to experience hot and cold temperatures, pain and the texture of an object. Though touch, we
collect this information and send it to the brain.

“SKIN is the sense organ for touch”. It allows us to feel the texture of an object is rough or smooth

1. Skin covers the whole body and protects the organs inside.

2. Skin is made up of several layers and is constantly renewed.

 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
It is the body´s control centre where messages come in, decision are made and orders are given to the rest of the body on how to react.
Memory, intelligence, feelings and emotions also come from our nervous system.

Our TASTE BUDS carry messages

Parts of the nervous system from the tongue to the brain.

The brain Nerves

The AUDITORY
Our OLFACTORY NERVE carries
It is situated They are tiny
tubes that run NERVE carries information
inside the SKULL.
throughout the information about about sound
It receives body. from the
smell from the
information sent cochlea to the
They carry olfactory bulb to the
by the sense
organs and gives information from brain. brain.
orders about the sense organs
how the body to the brain and
should respond. from the brain to
the rest of the
The OPTIC NERVE carries visual RECEPTORS FROM THE
organs.
messages from the optic nerve to SKIN carry messages to

the brain. the brain.

 The BRAIN receives the
information and
produces responses that
the musculoskeletal
system receives.

The SENSORY NERVES

The carry information
MUSCULOSKELETAL
SYSTEM carries out RESPOND TO A STIMULUS from the sense
organs to the brain.
the order from the
brain.

The SENSE ORGANS

respond to a stimulus
and send vibration to the
brain through the sensory
nerves.

For example:
Sound The brain The
vibrations receives the musculoskeletal
A cat meows and reach his information and system carries
the sound travels auditory understands that out the order
to Daniel´s ear nerve, which the cat is hungry. and Daniel
sends this It sends out a stands up to
information to command to feed the cat.
the brain feed the cat.
 THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
They are soft and flexible and help the body to
move. They carry messages to and from the
It is an structure that connect brain. They give us the ability to move our
The skeleton the BONES in our body. They The muscles body in different ways.
protect our INTERNAL ORGANS.
Skull In some parts of the body, like the knee or
elbow, bones are connected through JOINTS.
Jaw
Clavicle
Clavice

Scapula Frontalis muscle

Jaw muscle
Sternum
Trapezius Sternocleidomastoid
Humerus
Deltoids
Spine Biceps
Ulna
Radius Pectoral
Coccyx
Abdominals
Pelvis Triceps

Phalanges Gluteus
Quadriceps
Femur
Tibia

Fibula
Calf
muscles
 HEALTHY HABITS HEALTHY EATING
Look after your senses We need to take in many different types of nutrients. The best
way to do this is with a BALANCED DIET ( Food with proteins,
- Read with appropriate light. vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats and water).
- Avoid looking directly at the sun.
- Brush your teeth after every meal.
- Have a good hygiene everyday.
- Protect your skin from the sunlight.
- Don´t put objects in your ear. - Eat five times a day: breakfast, morning
snack, lunch, afternoon snack and dinner. It
is good a piece of fruit or a yogurt in
between meals.
Look after our muscles
and skeleton Look after your - Avoid eating too much fat.
nervous system
- Exercise every day. - Always have breakfast because it is the
- Carry your bag on your - Sleep nine hours a most important meal of the day.
back using both day.
shoulders. - Spend time with your - Don´t eat less food than your body need
- Be careful and avoid family and friends. because through a lack of nutrients, we can
accidents. - Don´t spend excessive
- Eat healthy food
get ill.
time watching TV,
- Keep a good posture playing computer
by sitting and walking games or talking on
up straight. the phone.