1
FAIL:
How the Keystone XL Tar Sands pipeline Flunks the Climate Test
FAIL
HOW THE KEYSTONE XL TAR SANDS PIPELINE FLUNKS THE CLIMATE TEST
1
COVER PHOTO: BEN POWLESS
FAIL
HOW THE KEYSTONE XL TAR SANDS PIPELINE FLUNKS THE CLIMATE TESTAUTHORS
Kate Colarulli,
Sierra Club
Doug Hayes,
Sierra Club
Courtenay Lewis,
Sierra Club
Lorne Stockman,
Oil Change International
David Turnbull,
Oil Change International
REVIEWERS
Eddie Scher,
Sierra Club
Elizabeth Shope,
Natural Resources Defense Council
Tom Valtin,
Sierra Club
Daniel Gatti,
Environment America
RESEARCH SUPPORT: Disha Banik, Jenna Overton, Samantha Strom, and James Vandeventer
BOREAL WETLANDS
PHOTO: GARTH LENZ
23
FAIL:
How the Keystone XL Tar Sands pipeline Flunks the Climate Test
FAIL:
How the Keystone XL Tar Sands pipeline Flunks the Climate Test
CONTENTS
5
Introduction
7
The Global Context for Making the Keystone XL Decision
9
Keystone XL is a Linchpin for Tar Sands Development
14
Keystone XL Would Lead to Tar Sands Expansion and Climate Disruption
15
Tar Sands Release Significantly More Carbon Pollution Than Average U.S. Crude
17
Petroleum Coke is a Major Source of Additional Carbon Pollution
18
Suggestions that Canada can “Mitigate” its Emissions are Unfounded
20
Ke
ystone XL Opens Up New Markets for Tar Sands, Increasing Emissions
22
The State Department’s Previous Environmental Impact Statements are Critically Flawed
25
Conclusion: We Can Do Better
26
Endnotes
PHOTO: ZACH EMBREE