UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT
DEREK KITCHEN,
et al.
Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. GARY HERBERT, in his official capacity as Governor of Utah,
et al.
Defendants-Appellants. MARY BISHOP,
et al.
, Plaintiffs-Appellees, and SUSAN G. BARTON,
et. al.
, Plaintiffs-Appellees/Cross- Appellants, v. SALLY HOWE SMITH, in her official capacity as Court Clerk for Tulsa County, State of Oklahoma, Defendant-Appellant/Cross- Appellee. Case Nos. 13-4178, 14-5003 & 14-5006 Appeal from United States District Court for District of Utah. Case No. 2:13-cv-217 Honorable Robert J. Shelby U.S. District Court Judge Appeal from United States District Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma Case No. 04-CV-848-TCK-TLW Honorable Terence C. Kern U.S. District Court Judge
BRIEF OF AMICUS CURIAE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR RESEARCH AND THERAPY OF HOMOSEXUALITY
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CORPORATE DISCLOSURE STATEMENT
Pursuant to Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 26.1, the undersigned states that Amicus Curiae, National Association for Research and Therapy of Homosexuality, is not a corporation that issues stock or has a parent corporation. /s/ Mary E. McAlister Mary E. McAlister
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TABLE OF CONTENTS CORPORATE DISCLOSURE STATEMENT.........................................................ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ...........................................................................................iii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES.......................................................................................iv INTEREST OF AMICUS CURIAE...........................................................................1 RULE 29 COMPLIANCE ...........................................................................................2 SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT.....................................................................................2 ARGUMENT............................................ ............................................ .......................3 I. HOMOSEXUALITY IS NOT AN IMMUTABLE CHARACTERISTIC..............................................................3 A. Non-Heterosexual Identities are Subject to Significant Change for Many People............................................ .........................................................4 B. Non-Heterosexuality Is Not a Fixed Trait.......................................................5 C. Reports of Change are Not Limited to Sexual Behavior.................................7 II. HOMOSEXUALITY IS NOT CAUSED BY GENETICS OR BIOLOGY...... .................... .......................................................................11 III. STUDIES SUGGESTING THAT CHANGE IS NOT POSSIBLE ARE RIDDLED WITH BIAS.......................................... ...............................14 A. There Was Substantial Bias in the Selection of the Task Force ........16 B. There Was Bias Regarding Statements of Evidence of Change.........15 C. There Was Substantial Bias in Favor of Preferred Outcomes............19 D. There Was Substantial Bias in the Omission of Medical Outcomes Associated with Same-Sex Behavior...................................21