Bk tmf Fyf ch tmf Efmclgfr 
Mcw Jcllfnf Ztugfkts Xbfw Nripmbj Gfsbnk
Oitmfrbkf Miaecr
Eijjiliurfitf Mckcrs Prcnria
Ubgfr Vkbvfrsbty, 5097
 
 
9
 
Bk tmf Fyf ch tmf Efmclgfr4 Mcw Jcllfnf Ztugfkts Xbfw Nripmbj Gfsbnk
 
 Bktrcgujtbck
 
Nripmbj gfsbnk
 bs
gf﬉kfg
 is ill
 
 vbsuil afgbi jrfitfg wbtm “typcnripmy, bllustritbck,
pmctcnripmy, _ikg/
crQ prbktbkn hcr tmf purpcsfs ch 
 pfrsuisb
ck, bkhcraitbck, cr
bkstrujtbck
 
(Lbvbknstck ikg Lbvbknstck 997
-
996). A
iky pfcplf gc kct rfilbzf mcw cakbprfsfkt
gfsbnk
ijtuilly bs
 
bk tmfbr lbvfs.
Bt bs fvfrywmfrf4 bk cur tfxteccos, ck ebllecirgs, ck tmf tflfvbsbck, ck cur
flfjtrckbj gfvbjfs. Fvfk tmf “plibk‑ tfxt bk kcvfls
 ikg stugbfs sujm is tmbs jcktibk nripmbj gfsbnk.
 
Is
bt bs
sujm i lirnf pirt ch lbhf, bt bs i wckgfr
mcw
hfw pfcplf
 rfilbzf bts pcwfrhul bkſtufkjf ck
giy
-
tc
-
giy lbvfs
.
Wmcunm kck
-
gfsbnkfrs
 irf kct fxpfjtfg tc kctbjf
, nripmbj gfsbnkfrs fvfry giy
irf put tc
tmf tiso ch bkſtufkjbkn ctmfrs wbtm tmfbr gfsbnk okcwlfgnf. Bk crgfr tc gc tmit, tmfy
kffg tc okcw wmit wbll ikg wck‒t wcro eisfg ck mcw ctmfrs vbfw tmf gfsbnks wbtm wmbjm tmfy
irf prfsfktfg.
 
Wmbs bs i quiktbtitbvf stugy ck mcw
ukbvfrsbty ikg
jcllfnf stugfkts
 ‗ 
kck
-
gfsbnkfrs ikg
gfsbnkfrs ilbof
 ‗ 
aiy vbfw tmf
nripmbj
gfsbnk bk tmfbr fvfrygiy lbvfs. Is nripmbj gfsbnk mis effk
jitfncrbzfg is pirt ch tmf jcaaukbjitbck bkgustry,
 ill gfsbnk wcro bs usfg bk crgfr tc
jcaaukbjitf wbtm tmf puelbj, ikg tmfrf
hcrf gfsbnkfrs aust ukgfrstikg mcw tmf puelbj wbll rfijt
tc sujm
jcaaukbjitbcks
.
Nripmbj gfsbnkfr Ncrgck Ziljmcw fxplibks, “_Nripmbj gfsbnk‒sQ pffrs
irf tmf lbefril irts, sujm is ausbj ikg lbtfriturf, ritmfr tmik irjmbtfjturf cr bkgustrbil gfsbnk
,
 
tmfrfhc
rf stfppbkn iwiy hrca tmf bkgustrbil irts
 (Caafk 90>).
Nripmbj gfsbnk mis ilsc effk
 
 
5
 
bktfrprftfg is acrf prbabtbvf tmik tmf ﬉kf irts bk crgfr tc ef acrf
ittibkielf
 hcr tmf aissfs
,
fvfk bh tmf aissfs gc kct rfilbzf sujm i tmbkn bs mippfkbkn 
 (Caafk 90>).
Bk
 crgfr tc jcktfxtuilbzf mcw stugfkts pfrjfbvf gfsbnk, bt bs ﬉rst jrujbil tc ukgfrstikg
wmit tmf gfsbnk sjmclirs eflbfvf tc ef “nccg‑ cr “eig‑ gfsbnk. Wmbs stugy tmfrfhcrf lccos it tmf
“gcs‑ ikg “gck‒ts‑ ch gfsbnk ey lccobkn it “mcw tc‑ eccos wbtm tmf ukgf
rstikgbkn tmit iky
tfjmkbqufs tmit irf jcksbgfrfg tc ef tmf “rbnmt‑ wiy tc gfsbnk bs fssfktbilly tmf siaf is siybkn
“tmbs bs wmit wcros.‑
 
Mivbkn
survfyfg
 eijonrcukg rfsfirjm, tmf sf
jckg pirt ch tmbs stugy wbll fxplibk
 tmf
survfy ch stugfkts ikg tmf survfy‒s rfsults.
Wmbs survfy wbll hcllcw tmf rfvbfw ch gfsbnk sjmclirs‒
cvfrill fstielbsmfg gfsbnk aftmcgclcnbfs.
 
Bt wbll tmfk
 ef ikilyzfg ijjcrgbkn tc gfsbnk sjmclirs‒
prfvbcus stugbfs ikg prbkjbplfs is wfll is stugfkts‒ a
idcrs, nfkgfrs, ikg jliss rikobkns.
 Mypctmfsbs
 
Wmbs stugy‒s lbofly jckjlusbck wbll ef tmit kck
-
gfsbnk stugfkts wbll ef lbofly tc ef hckg ch
gfsbnk stylfs tmit gfsbnkfrs jcksbgfr tc ef eig ikg/cr tmf wcrst gfsbnk jmcbjfs. Wmbs stugy ilsc
mcpfs tc efttfr fx
plibk tc kck
-
gfsbnkfrs wmit efttfr gfsbnk jmcbjfs irf ikg wmy tmfsf efttfr
jmcbjfs smculg ef upmflg.
 
Cpfritbvf gf﬉kbtbck
 
Wmbs stugy acstly hcjusfs ck mcw jcllfnf stugfkts sff
ikg rfspckg tc typcnripmy, cr tmf
“irriknfafkt ikg spfjb﬉jitbck ch typf bk prf
piritbck hcr prbktbkn 
 (Lbvbknstck ikg Lbvbknstck
5:>). Bk typcnripmy, tmf spfjb﬉j gfsbnk ch lfttfrs ikg ctmfr typcnripmbjil syaecls aiof up i
typfhijf, cr “
ilpmieft jrfitfg hcr tmf purpcsf ch rfprcgujtbck
 _ 
...
 Q
_iQviblielf bk i wbgf virbfty ch
gfsbnks ik
g sbzfs
 ( 
5:6).
Wmf wcrg
typfhijf
 tfkgs tc ef jckhusfg wbtm
  hckt 
, wmbjm bs i
hull sft ch
nlypms, cr gfsbnks ch lfttfrs, bk i nbvfk sbzf (Erbknmurst ::2).
Put sbaply ey Fllfk Luptck, gbrfjtcr
View on Scribd