Hydroelectric Power
A Guide for Developers and Investors
FICHTNERSarweystrasse 370191 Stuttgart GermanyPhone: +49 711 8995-0Fax: +49 711 8995-459www.fichtner.de
Disclaimer: This guide was prepared for the International Finance Corporation by the consulting firm Fichtner Management Consulting AG to be used as a reference, primarily for hydropower developers and investors. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this report are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank Group including the International Finance Corporation, or any affiliated organizations, or to members of its board of executive directors for the countries they represent. The World Bank Group does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication, and accept no responsibility for any consequence of their use. It is not intended to be a compliance guide or substitute for IFC performance standards or World Bank safeguards.
Cover Image: Large Photo–Bigstock/Danny Wilde, Small Photo–World Bank
HYDROELECTRIC POWER A Guide for Developers and Investors
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Contents
Foreword ..........................................................................................1Acknowledgments .................................................................................31. Executive Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52. Introduction ....................................................................................93. Overview of Hydropower Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114. Design and Typical Layouts ......................................................................175. Project Development ...........................................................................336. Site Selection ..................................................................................397. Hydrology and Energy Calculations ..............................................................438. Permits and Licensing ..........................................................................539. Construction ..................................................................................6110. Commissioning ................................................................................6511. Operation & Maintenance .......................................................................7112. Environmental and Social Impact Mitigation .....................................................7713. Capital and O&M Costs .........................................................................8514. Economics and Financial Analyses ...............................................................9315. Financing HPP Projects ........................................................................10316. References ...................................................................................10817. Annex ........................................................................................11118. Acronyms .....................................................................................115