7 | Xgea
Buia ;8, ;87= Sukjmttal vmg www.raeungtmdis.edv
\oa D``mca d` toa Eaiargn Cduisan [unas Ldcfat Cnarf Lapgrtjait d` Odusmie gil Qrkgi Lavandpjait <17 Savaito Straat SU, [ddj 78;50 Ugsomietdi, LC ;8<78-8887
[a2 OQL Ldcfat Id. @[-07;<-X-876 Cdjjaits mi [aspdisa td Xrdpdsal [una Jgfmie d` Odusmie & Cdjjuimty Lavandpjait Gct d` 7=?8 Parm`mcgtmdi d` Anmemkna Stgtus
Lagr Smr/Jglgj2 Ua wrmta, di kaogn` d` NgtmidBustmca X[NLA@, g igtmdign cmvmn rmeots dregimzgtmdi prdtactmie toa rmeots d` mjjmergits gil Ngtmix cdjjuimtmas, td strdieny dppdsa toa Lapgrtjait”s („OQL‚) prdpdsal runa Geaicy/Ldcfat Id. @[-07;<-X-87, axcnulmie jmxal stgtus odusaodnls `rdj odusmie prdergjs cdvaral uilar sactmdi ;7< gs la`mial ky toa runa. @mrst, OQL”s prdpdsal runa mjparjmssmkny mjpgmrs toa cdistmtutmdign rmeot d` jmxal odusaodnls td `gjmny mitaermty ky mitrulmie di toamr codmcas cdicarimie toamr nmvmie grrgieajaits, ky toragtaimie td sapgrgta comnlrai `rdj toamr pgraits, gil ky trgjpnmie di toamr gssdcmgtmdign rmeots. Sacdil, toa prdpdsal runa uilarjmias Cdierassmdign prardegtmva td prasarva `gjmnmas. Jdradvar, toa runa ms gitmtoatmcgn td toms Igtmdi”s vgnuas d` `gjmny uimty, cdjjuimty sg`aty gil omstdrmcgn cdicari `dr mts jdst vuniargkna pdpungtmdis. \omrl, mi Iaw ]drf Stgta gndia, iagrny 78,888 padpna mi jmxal stgtus odusaodnls rmsf avmctmdi gil odjanassiass. @durto, toa runa wmnn nmfany lmsprdpdrtmdigtany lmscrmjmigta di toa kgsms d` rgca gil igtmdign drmemi gegmist Ngtmix odusaodnls. Mt gnsd vmtmgtas OQL”s luty, uilar toa @gmr Odusmie Gct, td g``mrjgtmvany `urtoar `gmr odusmie gil td idt lmscrmjmigta gegmist `gjmnmas wmto comnlrai. @m`to, OQL”s prdpdsal runa `gmns td cdisarva scgrca odusmie rasdurcas. Mistagl, OQL”s dwi acdidjmc gignysms lajdistrgtas toa wgsta`uniass d` toms jmseumlal runa. Ua urea OQL td rascmil toa prdpdsal raeungtmdi. @duilal mi 7=5; gs toa Xuartd [mcd Naegn La`aisa gil Alucgtmdi @uil, NgtmidBustmca X[NLA@ cogjpmdis gi aqumtgkna sdcmaty ky prdtactmie, la`ailmie gil glvgicmie toa rmeots d` toa eragtar pgi-Ngtmix cdjjuimtmas mi toa Qimtal Stgtas. NgtmidBustmca X[NLA@ ogs ndie wdrfal td glvgica toa cdistmtutmdign gil oujgi rmeots d` mjjmergits, aspacmgnny uilar toa currait gljmimstrgtmdi, womco ogs cdismstaitny vmnm`mal toaj gil jgla avai todsa wod ogva kacdja cmtmzais `agr`un, `aan uiwancdjal gil uisg`a.
; | Xgea
Kgcferduil di OQL”s Xrdpdsal [una
Kaemiimie mi 7=35, toa Odusmie Gct sdueot td gllrass toa odusmie iaals d` ndw-micdja padpna ky prdvmlmie puknmc odusmie.
7
Gkdut tomrty yagrs ngtar, OQL wgs cragtal td jgigea toa edgn d` prdvmlmie lacait gil g``drlgkna odusmie. Mi gllmtmdi td puknmc odusmie, prdergjs navargemie prmvgta mivastjaits, uilar sactmdis ;31 gil ;30 d` toa Odusmie Gct, wara gnsd mistmtutal td jgfa g``drlgkna odusmie gvgmngkna td ndw-micdja padpna.
;
Xrdbact gil taigit-kgsal raitgn gssmstgica prdergjs wara gnsd cragtal td axpgil odusmie dppdrtuimtmas.
3
Mi toa 7=?8s, Cdierass, `dr toa `mrst tmja, nmjmtal gssmstgica uilar toa g`drajaitmdial odusmie prdergjs (oaramig`tar „sactmdi ;7< odusmie‚ dr „`alargnny gssmstal odusmie‚) td cartgmi cgtaedrmas d` anmemkna mjjmergits.
<
Odwavar, uilar toa stgtuta, Cdierass jgla cnagr togt woara „toa anmemkmnmty `dr `migicmgn gssmstgica d` gt nagst dia jajkar d` g `gjmny ogs kaai g``mrjgtmvany astgknmsoal … gil toa mianmemkmnmty d` dia dr jdra `gjmny jajkars ogs idt… giy `migicmgn gssmstgica jgla gvgmngkna td togt `gjmny sognn ka prdrgtal.‚
1
\oa stgtuta gnsd prdvmlas `dr toa prasarvgtmdi d` jmxal stgtus odusaodnls.
0
OQL”s prdpdsal runa wdunl idw raqumra togt giy odusaodnl wodsa nagsaodnlar ms idt gi anmemkna mjjmergit, raegrlnass d` toa prdrgtmdi d` rait dr prasaica d` anmemkna Q.S. cmtmzais dr mjjmergits mi toa odusaodnl, wmnn id ndiear racamva odusmie gssmstgica. \oa runa gnsd raqumras toa varm`mcgtmdi d` anmemkna mjjmergtmdi stgtus `dr gnn racmpmaits. Qilar toa prdpdsal runa, igtmdiwmla, ;1,888 jmxal stgtus odusaodnls pgymie rait mi `alargnny gssmstal odusmie cdunl ndsa toamr odjas.
5
D` 78=,888 padpna mi toasa odusaodnls, jdra togi ogn` gra comnlrai, jdst d` wodj gra Q.S. cmtmzais, gil gkdut 58% d` jmxal odusaodnls cditgmi ndw-micdja Q.S. cmtmzais wodsa odusmie gssmstgica wmnn ka anmjmigtal.
?
\oa prdpdsal runa”s varm`mcgtmdi raqumrajait wmnn mjpgct iagrny = jmnnmdi milmvmlugns. OQL”s prdpdsal runa wmnn mjpgmr toa rmeot d` jmxal mjjmergtmdi stgtus odusaodnls td `gjmnmgn mitaermty, tagr toaj gpgrt, gil wmnn cgusa toaj td kacdja odjanass womna wgstmie scgrca rasdurcas pursumie toamr avmctmdi.
7) OQL”s Xrdpdsal [una Mjparjmssmkny Mi`rmieas toa Cdistmtutmdign [meot td @gjmnmgn Mitaermty.
\oa prdpdsal runa”s raqumrajait togt g nagsaodnlar“typmcgnny g pgrait“wmtodut anmemkna mjjmergtmdi stgtus mi g jmxal stgtus `gjmny jdva dut d` `alargnny gssmstal odusmie mitrulas di toa odusaodnl”s cdistmtutmdign rmeot td latarjmia toamr nmvmie grrgieajait gil toragtais td sapgrgta anmemkna Q.S. cmtmzai comnlrai `rdj toamr pgraits. „G odst d` cgsas, trgcmie toamr nmiagea td
Jayar v. Iakrgsfg
, ;0; Q.S. 3=8 (7=;3) gil
Xmarca v. Sdcmaty d` Smstars
, ;0? Q.S. 178 (7=;1)
7
<; Q.S.C. § 7<356 7; Q.S.C. § 7587.
;
Sactmdis ;31 gil ;30 d` toa Igtmdign Odusmie Gct, 7; Q.S.C. § §7571z, 7571z-7.
3
<; Q.S.C. § 7<35`
<
<; Q.S.C. § 7<30g(g).
1
<; Q.S.C. § 7<30g(k)(;).
0
<; Q.S.C. § 7<30g(c).
5
Saa
Xgj @assnar, Xrdpdsal [una Cdunl Avmct 11,888 Comnlrai @rdj Suksmlmzal Odusmie, IX[ (Jgy 78, ;87=) gvgmngkna gt ottps2//www.ipr.dre/;87=/81/78/5;;753551/prdpdsal-runa-cdunl-avmct-11-888-comnlrai-`rdj-suksmlmzal-odusmie (ngst vmsmtal Buia 78, ;87=).
?
Saa
Igtmdign Odusmie Ngw Xrdbact,
at gn
.,
OQL”s Xrdpdsal [una di Jmxal Stgtus @gjmnmas
, ;0 (Buia 1, ;87=) gvgmngkna gt ottps2//www.ionp.dre/wp-cditait/upndgls/Faap@gjmnmas\deatoar-Uakmigr-8081;87=.pl` (ngst vmsmtal
Buia 75, ;87=).
3 | Xgea
ogva cdismstaitny gcfidwnaleal g prmvgta ragnj d` `gjmny nm`a womco toa stgta cgiidt aitar.‚
Jddra v. Cmty d` Agst Cnavangil
, <37 Q.S. <=<, <== (7=55). Mi
Jddra
, toa Q.S.S.C. cdismlaral g cmty drlmigica nmjmtmie dccupgicy d` g lwannmie uimt assaitmgnny td jajkars d` g iucnagr `gjmny. Qilar toa drlmigica, Js. Jddra wgs cdivmctal, bgmnal gil `mial `dr nmvmie wmto g ergilsdi wod wgs rangtal td gidtoar ergilsdi idt gs smknmies gs toa drlmigica raqumral kut gs cdusmis. Mi strmfmie ldwi toa drlmigica, toa Cdurt dksarval togt „VwZoai toa edvarijait mitrulas di codmcas cdicarimie `gjmny nmvmie grrgieajaits … toa mjpdrtgica d` toa edvarijaitgn mitarasts glvgical gil toa axtait td womco toay gra sarval ky toa cognnaieal raeungtmdis‚ just ka cgra`unny scrutmimzal.
Ml.
gt <==. \oa Cdurt latarjmial togt toa cmty”s prd`assal bustm`mcgtmdi, micnulmie gvdmlmie `migicmgn kurlai, `gmnal td pgss cdistmtutmdign justar.
Ml
. gt 188. Smica
Jddra
, cdurts ogva cdismstaitny upoanl toa cdistmtutmdign rmeot td `gjmnmgn mitaermty.
Saa
Ognat v. Uail Mivs
.
Cd.
, 05; @.;l 7381, 7377 (=to Cmr. 7=?;) („@gjmny nm`a, mi pgrtmcungr toa rmeot d` `gjmny jajkars td nmva tdeatoar ms pgrt d` toa `uilgjaitgn rmeot d` prmvgcy.‚)6
B.S.[. ky gil tordueo B.S.E. v. Sassmdis
, 338 @.Supp.3l 537, 5<7 (L. Cdii. ;87?) („VGZ cdistmtutmdign vmdngtmdi dccurral woai toa Edvarijait sapgrgtal comnlrai `rdj toamr pgraits“kdto di toa kgsms d` sukstgitmva lua prdcass … gs toa sapgrgtmdi laprmval toa comnlrai d` toamr rmeot td `gjmny mitaermty.‚)6
Imcodnsdi v. Umnnmgjs
, ;83 @.Supp.;l 713, ;31 (A.L.I.]. ;88;) („\oa rmeot mi idt kamie `drcmkny sapgrgtal ky toa stgta ms sogral ky pgraits gil comnlrai. \oms rmeot td toa prasarvgtmdi d` `gjmny mitaermty aicdjpgssas toa racmprdcgn rmeots d` kdto pgrait gil comnlrai. Mt ms toa mitarast mi toa cdjpgimdisomp, cgra, custdly gil jgigeajait d` oms dr oar comnlrai gil d` toa comnlrai mi idt kamie lmsndcgtal `rdj toa ajdtmdign gttgcojaits togt larmva `rdj toa mitmjgcy d` lgmny gssdcmgtmdi wmto toa pgrait.‚) Kacgusa OQL”s prdpdsal runa lmsraegrls toa cdistmtutmdign rmeot d` jmxal stgtus `gjmnmas td nmva tdeatoar, toragtais td lmsndlea comnlrai `rdj toa cgra gil custdly d` toamr pgraits gil mi`rmieas di toa gssdcmgtmdign rmeots d` toasa `gjmnmas, toa prdpdsal runa sodunl ka ratrgctal.
Jddra
, <37 Q.S. gt 180.
;) OQL”s Xrdpdsal [una Qilarjmias Cdierassmdign Mitait td Xrasarva Jmxal Stgtus Odusaodnls.
OQL cngmjs togt toa prdpdsal runa wmnn rasunt mi „eragtar gnmeijait wmto toa wdrlmie gil purpdsa d` Sactmdi ;7<,‚ igjany ky kgrrmie jmxal-stgtus `gjmnmas `rdj racamvmie gssmstgica. \d suppdrt mts cngmj, OQL mismsts togt `alargnny gssmstal odusmie cdvaral uilar Sactmdi ;7< prdomkmts toa mila`mimta racampt d` prdrgtal gssmstgica ky jmxal-stgtus `gjmnmas, kut mt cgiidt pdmit td giy stgtutdry ngieugea cditgmimie suco gi almct. Mi `gct, Sactmdi ;7< cnagrny cdivays togt Cdierass mitailal td aisura togt milmvmlugns wmto anmemkna mjjmergtmdi stgtus wdunl racamva gssmstgica womna faapmie jmxal stgtus `gjmnmas tdeatoar mi toa sgja odja. \oa pngmi ngieugea d` toa stgtuta cdivays toms mitait. @dr axgjpna, <; Q.S.C. § 7<30g(k)(;) stgtas, „M` toa anmemkmnmty `dr `migicmgn gssmstgica
d` gt nagst dia jajkar
d` g `gjmny ogs kaai g``mrjgtmvany astgknmsoal uilar toms sactmdi, gil
toa mianmemkmnmty d` dia dr jdra `gjmny jajkars ogs idt kaai g``mrjgtmvany
astgknmsoal uilar toms sactmdi, giy `migicmgn gssmstgica jgla gvgmngkna td togt `gjmny ky toa gppnmcgkna Sacratgry sognn ka prdrgtal…‚ (ajpogsms gllal). \oa