9 SHDPC@ VPIPCV @DVPRDFP FGSRP CIVPCRH @DVPRDFP GE HC_ TGRK ------------------------------------------------------------------] DH RC< BDPPGRRCHP I@SJP EDJA
GR@CR &
FG^TRDOMP DHERDHOCACHP FIVCV
RC^GRP & RCFGAACH@IPDGH
Fdvdj Iftdgh Hgs. 99-6443(@RM)(ORB); 92-990?(LV)(ORB); 92-993>(J@_)(ORB); ih` 92-9930(I@V)(ORB) ------------------------------------------------------------------]
I^^CIRIHFCV< K-Bccfm, Dhf. v. Lgmh @gcs 9-6?, FU 99-6443 (@RM)(ORB)<
Egr ^jidhtdee Erc`crdf R. Ibriasgh, Csq. 95> Brgi`wiy, Vudtc 3>>> Hcw Tgrk, Hcw Tgrk 9>>6= Egr @cech`iht Lgmh @gc #2 Lgscpm ^. Iuoustdhc, Csq. Iuoustdhc & Cbcrjc JJ^ 4> Brgi` Vtrcct, Ejggr 23 Hcw Tgrk, Hcw Tgrk 9>>>0 Egr @cech`iht Lgmh @gc #24 Liacs Rgschzwcdo, Csq. 35> Edetm Ivchuc, 6
r`
Ivc. Hcw Tgrk, Hcw Tgrk 9>>65 Egr @cech`iht Lgmh @gc #63 Liacs @. Aurtmi, Csq. 25 Ridjrgi` Ivc. #639 Bibyjgh, Hcw Tgrk 99?>2
Aijdbu Ac`di, JJF v. Lgmh @gcs 9-25, FU 92-990? (LV) (ORB), Aijdbu Ac`di, JJF v. Lgmh @gcs 9-99, FU 92-993> (J@_) (ORB), ^itrdfk Fgjjdhs, Dhf. v. Lgmh @gcs 9-4, FU 92-9930 (I@V) (ORB)<
Egr ^jidhtdees Lisgh Iirgh Kgtzkcr Kgtzkcr Jiw Orgup 45>4 V. Shdvcrsdty Bjv`. #562960 Mdomjih`s Rihfm, Fgjgri`g =>956
Fisc 2<99-fv->6443-@RM-ORB @gfuacht 64 Edjc` >3/>9/92 ^ioc 9 ge 25 ^iocD@ #< 594
2
OIRT R. BRG_H, Shdtc` Vtitcs Aiodstritc Lu`oc<
Pmcsc iftdghs irc pirt ge i hitdghwd`c bjdzzir` ge fdvdj iftdghs brguomt by purvcygrs ge pgrhgoripmdf edjas ijjcodho fgpyrdomt dherdhocacht by dh`dvd`uijs utdjdzdho i fgaputcr prgtgfgj khgwh is BdtPgrrcht. Pmc putitdvc `cech`ihts irc d`chtdedc` ghjy by Dhtcrhct ^rgtgfgj (
‚
D^
‑)
i``rcsscs. Pmcsc egur fdvdj iftdghs dhvgjvc agrc tmih => Lgmh @gc `cech`ihts; tmcsc siac pjidhtdees mivc edjc` ihgtmcr hdhctcch fiscs dh tmds `dstrdft dhvgjvdho agrc tmih tmrdfc tmit huabcr ge `cech`ihts.
9
Ghc ac`di gutjct rcpgrts tmit agrc tmih 22>,>>> dh`dvd`uijs mivc bcch suc` sdhfc ad`-2>9> dh aiss BdtPgrrcht jiwsudts, aihy ge tmca bisc` upgh ijjcoc` `gwhjgi`dho ge pgrhgoripmdf wgrks.
2
Pmds Gr`cr i``rcsscs (9) ippjdfitdghs by pjidhtdees dh tmrcc ge tmcsc iftdghs egr daac`ditc `dsfgvcry, fghsdstdho ge Rujc 03 subpgchis `drcftc` it hgh-pirty Dhtcrhct Vcrvdfc ^rgvd`crs
(‚DV^s‑)
tg gbtidh d`chtdeydho dhegraitdgh ibgut subsfrdbcrs tg tmc hiac` D^ i``rcsscs ih` (2) agtdghs tg quism sdadjir subpgchis by scvcrij putitdvc Lgmh @gc `cech`ihts dh tmc rcaidhdho iftdgh. Egr tmc rcisghs tmit egjjgw, dhfju`dho cvd`chfc ge ibusdvc jdtdoitdgh tiftdfs by pjidhtdees,
tmc pjidhtdees— ippjdfitdghs egr scrvdfc ge subpgchis
irc orihtc` ghjy is tg Lgmh @gc 9 dh cifm fisc uh`cr tcras ih` fgh`dtdghs sct egrtm mcrcdh, ih` `chdc` dh ijj gtmcr rcspcfts. Pmc agtdghs tg quism irc orihtc` bcfiusc tmc wgrk dh tmit iftdgh ds hgt sublcft ge i fgpyrdomt rcodstritdgh. Eurtmcragrc, dt ds rcspcfteujjy rcfgaach`c` tg tmc rcspcftdvc `dstrdft lu`ocs tmit (9) is tg
9
Vcc ^itrdfk Fgjjdhs, Dhf. v. @gcs 9-?
, FU 99-92?> (LO) (RCR) (=> `cech`ihts dh fghsgjd`itc` fisc);
K-Bccfm, Dhf. v. @gcs 9-24
, FU 99-6669 (LEB) (CPB);
K-Bccfm, Dhf. v. @gcs 9-6?,
FU 99-6?09 (J@_) (IKP);
K-Bccfm, Dhf. v. @gcs 9-32
, FU 99-6440 (LEB) (CPB);
^itrdfk Fgjjdhs, Dhf. & K-Bccfm, Dhf. v. @gc
, FU 99-0>40 (LEB) (ORB);
Aijdbu Ac`di, JJF v. @gcs 9-9>
, FU 92-9905 (LV) (CPB);
Aijdbu Ac`di, JJF v. @gcs 9-2>
, FU 92-990= (I@V) (IKP);
Aijdbu Ac`di, JJF v. @gcs 9-6>
, FU 92-9904 (J@_) (IKP);
^itrdfk Fgjjdhs, Dhf. v. @gcs 9-99
, FU 92-9936 (LEB) (IRJ);
Aijdbu Ac`di, JJF v. @gcs 9-96,
FU 92-9935 (LEB) (CPB).
2
Vcc
mttp<//www.ushcws.fga/hcws/irtdfjcs/2>92/>2/>2/pgrh-fgapihdcs-edjc-aiss-pdrify-jiwsudts-irc-ygu-it-rdsk .
Fisc 2<99-fv->6443-@RM-ORB @gfuacht 64 Edjc` >3/>9/92 ^ioc 2 ge 25 ^iocD@ #< 52>
6 tmrcc ge tmc iftdghs, tmc aittcrs bc `dsadssc` wdtmgut prclu`dfc is tg ijj `cech`ihts gtmcr tmih Lgmh @gc 9; (2) tmit tmc egurtm iftdgh bc `dsadssc` wdtmgut prclu`dfc; ih` (6) tmit tmcsc pjidhtdees ih` tmcdr fguhscj bc `drcftc` tmit ijj euturc iftdghs bc edjc` ghjy ioidhst i sdhojc `cech`iht.
BIFKORGSH@ 9.
Ijjcoitdghs dh tmc Fgapjidhts
Pmc egur fgapjidhts tmit irc sublcft tg tmds Gr`cr irc hcirjy d`chtdfij, tmguom cifm dhvgjvcs i `deecrcht pgrhgoripmdf edja, tg wdt<
Oiho Biho Udrodhs, Ucrghdfi _ct Groisa, Airylihc Tguho Jgvc
ih`
Oihobihoc`. Vcc
K-Bccfm, Dhf. v. @gcs 9-6?
, FU 99-6443 (@RM)(ORB) (mcrcdhietcr
‚
K-Bccfm
‑);
Aijdbu Ac`di JJF v. @gcs 9-25
, FU 92-990?(LV)(ORB)
(mcrcdhietcr ‚
Aijdbu 25
‑);
Aijdbu Ac`di JJF v. @gcs 9-99
, FU 92-
993> (J@_)(ORB) (mcrcdhietcr ‚
Aijdbu 99
‑); ih
`
^itrdfk Fgjjdhs, Dhf. v. @gcs 9-4
, FU 92-9930 (I@V)(ORB)
(mcrcdhietcr ‚
^itrdfk Fgjjdhs
‑)
. Dh tmrcc ge tmc fiscs, pjidhtdee fjidas tg bc tmc gwhcr ge i fgpyrdomt rcodstcrc` egr tmc wgrk dh qucstdgh.
Vcc, c.o., Aijdbu 25,
Fgapjidht it µµ99-96, @gfkct Chtr
y (‚@C‑) [9Q. Dh
K-Bccfm,
pjidhtdee fjidas ghjy tmit ih ippjdfitdgh egr fgpyrdomt mis bcch subadttc` is tg dts wgrk
Oiho Biho Udrodhs
.
K-Bccfm,
Ia. Fgapj. it µµ99-92, @C [9=Q. Cifm `cech`iht ds d`chtdedc` ghjy by ih D^ i``rcss purpgrtc`jy fgrrcspgh`dho tg i pmysdfij i``rcss dh tmds `dstrdft, `cedhc` dh tmc fgapjidht is
‚i
huabcr tmit ds issdohc` by ih DV^ tg `cvdfcs, sufm is fgaputcrs, tmit irc fghhcftc` tg tmc Dhtcrhct.
‑
Aijdbu 25,
Fgapj. it µ
=. Pmc Fgapjidhts eurtmcr ijjcoc tmit ‚[tQ
mc DV^ tg wmdfm cifm @cech`iht subsfrdbcs fih fgrrcjitc tmc @cech`iht's D^ i``rcss tg tmc @cech`iht's truc d`chtdty.
‑
D`
. it µ4. Pmc fgapjidhts `csfrdbc, dh sgac `ctidj, i pccr-tg-pccr edjdho smirdho prgtgfgj khgwh is BdtPgrrcht wmdfm ds i acihs by wmdfm `cvdfcs fghhcftc` tg tmc Dhtcrhct fih smirc jiroc fgaputcr edjcs (sufm is `dodtij fgpdcs ge agvdcs) wmdjc adhdadzdho tmc stridh gh fgaputcr hctwgrks.
Vcc,
Fisc 2<99-fv->6443-@RM-ORB @gfuacht 64 Edjc` >3/>9/92 ^ioc 6 ge 25 ^iocD@ #< 529