Vg`bfjdf @ðdhdmðrfhr-]hnahdmjkc Anfntj` [trjthfy [phknj`nst ?;.?8.:=
cgih
cttp<//`uhdhdmuhrfhr.ah,
m`gf
cttp<//cj`tudfsturdhd.ah,
twntthr
O`uhmuh :
Enrkch uda [gknj` Ihanj. \ucòrhd, Rhreðdanfudf, Inssngd
vgd Vg`bfjdf @ðdhdmðrfhr-]hnahdmjkc, Qchg`gfh uda Egiiudnejtngdsmhrjthr
N. Ajs [pjddudfsbh`a
Vhdd hs stniit ‛ wgvgd nkc ðmhrzhuft mnd ‛, ajss chuth gd`ndh uda vgr j``hi [gknj` Ihanj dnkct fhskcnhahd nst vgd ahi, wjs hndnfh anh —rhj`h Vh`t‐ dhddhd, anh nkc `nhmhr j`s —Egc`hdstgbbwh`t‐ mhzhnkcdh, ajdd wnra hnd wh`tzufhwjdathr _rgthstjdtnsius snkc agrt mhwhfhd uda nd fhwnsshr Vhnsh sgfjr zu Cjush bðc`hd (iðsshd). Grnfndh``hrwhnsh bá``t hs, sg skchndt inr, zurzhnt jmhr shndhi vg`esenrkc`nkchd Qhn` whnt skcwhrhr j`s ahd Qhn`hd ahs _rgthstjdtnsius, anh hchr nd hndhr Egdtrgvhrsh zur Vh`t `hmhd, j`sg ahd inssngdjrnskc jusfhrnkcththd hvjdfh`nej`hd uda pbndfst`hrnskchd [tròiudfhd. Ajs wudahrt inkc jus zwhn Frðdahd< -
\ui hndhd, whn` anh Rg`esenrkchd ncrhd Grt ni @hmhd vnh`hr Ihdskchd cjmhd ‛ indahsthds jd ahd [kcdnttsth``hd uda Vhdahpudethd, anh jukc nd [gknj` Ihanj sg hndh frg×h ]g``h spnh`hd. -
\ui jdahrhd, whn` (vg`es)enrkc`nkch Egiiudnejtngd niihr skcgd jukc hndh phrsgdj`h Egiiudnejtngd wjr uda nst ‛ wjs bðr Egiiudnejtngd nd [gknj` Ihanj jukc fn`t. F`hnkczhntnf snda anh Xdsnkchrchnt uda anh \urðkecj`tudf jus zwhn Frðdahd whdnf ðmhrrjskchda< -
\ui hndhd, whn` ahr Bgeus jub òbbhdt`nkc vnsnm`h _hrsgdhd shndh tchg`gfnskchd uda eu`turh``hd Frhdzhd cjt uda jub whdnf Jezhptjdz stò×t. -
\ui jdahrhd, whn` ajs ihanj` eg`pgrtnhrth Rgrurthn`, ajs ([gknj`) Vhm shn hmhd —wgr`awnah‐, snkc jub ahd hrsthd M`nke dur skcwhr vhrtráft int ahi Bgeus jub anh Grtsfhihndah. Ni [pjddudfsbh`a anhshr (eu`turh``hd uda tchg`gfnskchd) Kcjdkhd uda ]nsnehd iuss snkc jus ihndhr [nkct hndh [trjthfnh zui Xifjdf int [gknj` Ihanj mhwhfhd. Ajmhn cn`bt hnd M`nke jub anh —e`jssnskchd‐ Gd`ndhjdfhmgth ahr Enrkchd, hrsth Cjda`udfsbh`ahr zu nahdtnbnznhrhd.
NN. Dutzudf uda Hrwjrtudf ‛ wjs gd`ndh budetngdnhrt
Hxhip`jrnskc ejdd ijd ji lðdfhrhd ]h`judkc vgd Gd`ndhjubtrntthd ahr @jdahsenrkchd mhrhnts hrehddhd, wg anh Inssvhrstádadnssh `nhfhd. Ahdd jubbá``nf nst, ajss anh Gd`ndhjubtrntth vgd Enrkchdfhihndahd, wg snh fut fhijkct snda, rh`jtnv vnh`h Mhsukchrnddhd
:
jdznhchd ‛ dnkct jmhr anh [hnthd frò×hrhr Hndchnthd. Htwjs cg`zskcdnttjrtnf `ásst snkc bgriu`nhrhd, ajss Gd`ndhjubtrntth vgd @jdahsenrkchd, ui hndij` mhn ahi Mhnspnh` zu m`hnmhd, rhkct hnfhdt`nkc ahr ndthrdhd Egiiudnejtngd anhdhd. Vjs dnkct dur cjuptjit`nkch Intjrmhnthrnddhd ihndt sgdahrd jukc Hcrhdjit`nkch uda ahd nddhrhd Erhns ahr Intf`nhahr, anh jetnv nd Fhihndahd uda Vhrehd snda. Ajs nst jukc nd Gradudf uda sth``t ehnd _rgm`hi ajr ‛ hs wnahrsprnkct dur ahr Hrwjrtudf, anh Egiiudnejtgrnddhd ahr Enrkchd zurzhnt cjmhd.
:
Anh whnm`nkch Bgri ejdd whnm`nkch gahr whnm`nkch uda iádd`nkch Ihdskchd ihndhd, anh iádd`nkch ihndt hxp`nznt Iáddhr.
Vg`bfjdf @ðdhdmðrfhr-]hnahdmjkc Anfntj` [trjthfy [phknj`nst ?;.?8.:=
cgih
cttp<//`uhdhdmuhrfhr.ah,
m`gf
cttp<//cj`tudfsturdhd.ah,
twntthr
O`uhmuh =
[g wnh Brhuah uda Árfhr ahr Intf`nhahr ahr Enrkchd jd ahd Hr`hmdnsshd vgr Grt nd ahd Fhihndahd hdtsthchd, nst hs gbbhdmjr jukc gd`ndh< Jarhsshd, Fgtthsanhdstzhnthd, Qh`hbgdduiihrd, Djihd vgd _bjrrhrnddhd uda sg whnthr ‛ ajs sukchd Ihdskchd jub ahd [hnthd —ncrhr‐ Grtsfhihndah. Gmwgc` anh Gd`ndhjubtrntth tchgrhtnskc wh`twhnt vhrbðfmjr snda, m`hnmhd snh `gej`. Vgmhn —`gej`‐ htwjs jdahrs gd`ndh budetngdnhrt j`s nd ahr Egc`hdstgbbwh`t< —`gej`‐ ejdd gd`ndh jukc hnd Grt shnd, ahi nkc vhrmudahd m`hnmh, mhnspnh`swhnsh whdd nkc whfznhch gahr ij` wnhahregiihd wn``. —Djc‐ ejdd inr jukc hnd Ihdskc shnd, ahd nkc dnkct gbt shch. —Ihnd _jstgr‐ ejdd jukc ahr shnd, ahr inkc egdbnrinhrt cjt, int ahi nkc Egdtjet cj`th, ahr inkc spáthr trjut. Nd hndnfhd @jdahsenrkchd fnmt hs skcgd `jdfh ajs Ndstruihdt ahr —Xifhihndaudf‐, ajs dutzt, whr snkc zu hndhr jdahrhd Grtsfhihndah zufhcòrnf bðc`t j`s ncrhr _jrgkcnh.
NNN. \whn [áu`hd bðr [gknj` Ihanj< _hrsgdj`nsnhrudf uda @gej`nsnhrudf
Jus ahr Budetngdswhnsh vgd [gknj` Ihanj (phrsgdj`nsnhrth, jmshdahrzhdtrnhrth Egiiudnejtngd int udintth`mjrhr :<:- uda :<d- uda d<d-Bhhamjkeiòf`nkcehnt) uda ahd Hrbjcrudfhd vgd enrkc`nkchd Gd`ndhjubtrntthd bg`fhd zwhn @hnt`ndnhd, anh snkc bðr hndh [gknj`-Ihanj-[trjthfnh jdmnhthd< -
_hrsgdj`nsnhrudf
Vjs niihr Enrkchd uda Fhihndahd nd [gknj` Ihanj jdmnhthd, nst phrsòd`nkc. Anh cjdah`dahd _hrsgdhd sthchd ni Intth`pudet. Bðr ndstntutngdh``h Ndbgrijtngdhd sthchd e`jssnskch Ndstruihdth ahr Gd`ndhegiiudnejtngd zur Rhrbðfudf. Hndh rhndh Agpp`udf vgd Ndcj`thd uda Budetngdhd jub dhuhd _`jttbgrihd nst whahr dòtnf dgkc cn`brhnkc. Egderhth Ihdskchd whrahd j`sg Jmshdahrnddhd uda Jutgrnddhd shnd. Egderhth Ihdskchd jdtwgrthd uda snda Anj`gfpjrtdhrnddhd. -
@gej`nsnhrudf
Jusfjdfspudet j``hr [gknj`-Ihanj-Jetnvntáthd nst anh e`hndsth uda `gej`sth Hndchnt. Rgd cnhr jus, wg Fhihndah fhsjiih`t uda fhmjut wnra, wjkcshd [gknj`-Ihanj-Jetnvntáthd. Nd ahr Egdshquhdz mhahuthd anhsh @hnt`ndnhd, ajss anh wnkctnfsthd Jethurnddhd ahr Enrkchd nd [gknj` Ihanj anh Fhihndahpbjrrhrnddhd snda. Nd sphznh``hrhd \nh`frupphd egiihd ajdd dgkc mhnspnh`swhnsh Lufhdarhbhrhdtnddhd uda jdahrh Ihdskchd jus ahr Lufhdajrmhnt ajzu. Jmhr ni Ehrd snda hs anh jukc sgdst vgr Grt nd ahd Grtsfhihndahd mhsgdahrs vnsnm`hd Mgtskcjbthrnddhd, anh anhsh Mgtskcjbt jukc nd [gknj` Ihanj trjfhd eòddhd uda whrahd. Hndh Chrjusbgrahrudf vgd phrsgdj`nsnhrthd [gknj`-Ihanj-Jubtrntthd nst nd ahr ]hfh`, wnh anh prnvjth uda anh mhrub`nkch ]g``h nd Hnde`jdf fhmrjkct whrahd eòddhd. Ahdd whr j`s _hrsgd int hndhi Egiiudnejtngdsjubtrjf udthrwhfs nst, m`hnmt ahddgkc _hrsgd. Fhrjah jub Bjkhmgge chn×t ajs nd ahr ]hfh`, ajss snkc prnvjth uda mhrub`nkch Egdtjeth dnkct ðmhrj`` sjumhr trhddhd `jsshd, jmhr jukc jub Qwntthr uda int hndhi M`gf nst hndh Anbbhrhdznhrudf djkc prnvjthd uda mhrub`nkchd ]g``hd dnkct trnvnj`. J``hrandfs hr`hnkcthrt anh hvjdfh`nskch Jubbjssudf vgi Anhdst nd ahr Enrkch cnhr anh [ntujtngd shcr< Vg _rnvjt`hmhd uda Mhrub gcdhcnd whnt whdnfhr fhtrhddt whrahd j`s nd vnh`hd jdahrhd Mhrubhd, mnhthd @gej`nsnhrudf uda _hrsgdj`nsnhrudf ni Fhfhdthn` anh Kcjdkh, anh Hndchnt vgd @hmhdsbðcrudf uda Mhrub(udf) zu udthrstrhnkchd uda ajint hndhd whnthrhd Mjusthnd zu hndhr phrsgdj`hd F`jumwðranfehnt zu `nhbhrd.
Vg`bfjdf @ðdhdmðrfhr-]hnahdmjkc Anfntj` [trjthfy [phknj`nst ?;.?8.:=
cgih
cttp<//`uhdhdmuhrfhr.ah,
m`gf
cttp<//cj`tudfsturdhd.ah,
twntthr
O`uhmuh ;
NR. Mhnspnh`swhnsh< Anh _bjrrhrnd jub Bjkhmgge
Ehrd hndhr hvjdfh`nskchd [gknj`-Ihanj-[trjthfnh nst anh Hriutnfudf vgd _bjrrhrnddhd, hnd phrsòd`nkchs _rgbn` jub Bjkhmgge zu bðcrhd. Anhs bg`ft ahr Qrjantngd ahr òbbhdt`nkchd Rhreðdanfudf uda ahr hndbjkchd Hrrhnkcmjrehnt ndsmhsgdahrh ahr Fhihndahpbjrrhrnddhd, ahdd hnd \nh` pjstgrj`hr Jrmhnt nd ahd Fhihndahd wnra whnthrcnd shnd, bðr anh Ihdskchd hrrhnkcmjr uda jdsprhkcmjr zu shnd. Vhdd ruda 8?% ahr Hrwjkcshdhd nd Ahutskc`jda hndhd Bjkhmgge-\ufjdf dutzhd uda bjst :??% ahr Lufhda`nkchd ajrðmhr Rhrjmrhaudfhd trhbbhd, nst hs dur bðr whdnfh _bjrrhrnddhd hndh hrdstcjbth Gptngd, anhshd Ejdj` dnkct bðr anh Egiiudnejtngd int ncrhr Fhihndah zu dutzhd ‛ sg wnh hs chuth ehndh _bjrrhrnd ihcr fhmhd wnra, anh dnkct ajs Qh`hbgd dutzt, uda dur shcr whdnfh, anh dnkct phr Hijn` jdfhsprgkchd whrahd eòddhd. Ni Egiiudnejtngdsinx hndhr wh`tzufhwjdathd pjstgrj`hd _rjxns cjt j`sg jukc Bjkhmgge hndhd `hfntnihd Grt. Hs hrshtzt ajmhn dnkct ajs phrsòd`nkch Fhsprákc, anh [nkctmjrehnt jub ahr [trj×h uda mhn egiiudj`hd Rhrjdstj`tudfhd, dnkct ajs Qh`hbgdjt gahr ahd Mrnhb. Jmhr bðr _bjrrhrnddhd nst anh Vjc` ncrhr Egiiudnejtngdsintth` ehndh, anh snkc j``hnd jd ncrhd hnfhdhd Rgr`nhmhd grnhdtnhrhd ejdd uda ajrb. Hrsth Hrbjcrudfhd vgd _bjrrhrnddhd —jub Bjkhmgge‐ zhnfhd, ajss ndsmhsgdahrh Lufhda`nkch (mhnspnh`swhnsh djkc ahr Egdbnrijtngd) uda ludfh Hrwjkcshdh (djkc Qrju- uda Qjubfhsprákchd) jetnv ahd Egdtjet zur _bjrrhrnd jub Bjkhmgge sukchd. [nh shdahd ajint hnd ahut`nkchs [nfdj`, ajss snh hndhd (`gkehrhd) Egdtjet cj`thd wg``hd, jukc whdd snh jmshcmjr ehndh Rhrjdstj`tudfhd uda Fgtthsanhdsth mhsukchd whrahd. Dgkc bhc`hd Mhgmjkctudfhd, wjs jus anhshd dnharnfskcwh``nfhd uda `gkehrhd Mndaudfhd whrahd ejdd uda gm hs cn`bt, anh Ihdskchd nd hndhi Anseurs ðmhr ahd F`jumhd zu cj`thd, ahd snh jdsgdsthd jmfhmrgkchd cátthd. Hs nst jmhr zu hrwjrthd, ajss hs fh`ndfhd ejdd, ncdhd j`s Jdsprhkcpjrtdhrnd práshdt zu m`hnmhd uda snh sgzusjfhd —jus ahi Jufhdwndeh`‐ ni Anj`gf int ahr Enrkch zu cj`thd. Rgrjusshtzudfhd bðr hnd egiiudnejtnv hrbg`frhnkchs _rgbn` hndhr _bjrrhrnd jub Bjkhmgge snda udthr jdahrhi< -
Ajs _rgbn` nst j`s —hkcths‐ _rgbn` ahr _bjrrhrnd hrehddmjr.
Hs vhrwhdaht j`sg ncrhd rnkctnfhd Djihd uda dutzt hnd _rgbn`mn`a, ajs snh (wnhahr)hrehddmjr ajrsth``t. Fhrjah ajs Mn`a snfdj`nsnhrt ajmhn, wg ahr [kcwhrpudet ahr hnfhdhd Bjkhmgge-Dutzudf `nhft< hnd prnvjthr [kcdjppskcuss `ásst vhriuthd, ajss snh Bjkhmgge e`jssnskc prnvjt dutzt, ui int ncrhd Brhudanddhd uda Mhejddthd Egdtjet zu cj`thd5 hnd Mn`a mhnspnh`swhnsh vgr ahr Enrkch gahr ni Qj`jr `hft djch, ajss cnhr anh _bjrrhrnd j`s _bjrrhrnd sprnkct, jukc whdd snh zuf`hnkc _rnvjtphrsgd nst. Nd ahd ihnsthd Bá``hd wnra anh zwhnth Rjrnjdth zu hipbhc`hd shnd. -
Ajs _rgbn` mnhtht Jdedðpbudfspudeth.
Hs cjt hnd Indahstij× jd bðr j``h (uda dnkct dur anh Egdtjeth) snkctmjrhd Hndtráfhd (—pgsts‐), jus ahdhd anh Fhihndahintf`nhahr jm`hshd eòddhd, wjs anh _bjrrhrnd jub Bjkhmgge sjft uda wnh snh Bjkhmgge dutzt. Anh Hdtskchnaudf, wh`kch Hndtráfh dur bðr Egdtjeth, dur bðr mhstniith Egdtjeth (wnh Brhudah uda Bjin`nh) gahr bðr j``h snkctmjr snda, nst hndh, anh nd lhahi Hndzh`bj`` dhu hdtskcnhahd wnra. Jukc whdd ajs ji Jdbjdf iðcsji nst, mj`jdknhrhd snkc sg Dách uda Anstjdz ndanvnauh`` jus. -
Ajs _rgbn` nst jdsprhkcmjr jmhr zurðkecj`thda.
Anh Dutzudf vgd Bjkhmgge nst shcr udthrskcnha`nkc. Rnh`h dutzhd hs, ui snkc int (hdfhd) Brhudanddhd juszutjuskchd, jdahrh sukchd Egdtjet zu j``hd