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Beer Production

By Ateet Roshan

Yeast

C6H12O6

Enzymes

2CH3CH2OH + 2CO2

Origin of Beer
The oldest form of alcohol created by man. Clay tablets from 6,000 B.C. in Babylonia depict the beer making process. Beer production was considered womens work. Refining of the beer process has developed over 5,000 - 8,000 years

Five Main Ingredients


Water Major ingredient, 95% of the content of beer Yeast Two main functions, Determines beers flavour Responsible for converting sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide

Five Main Ingredients


Adjuncts Include corn or rice Added to produce a lighter tasting beer Malt Derived through barley malting process Imparts a rich mellow flavour in beer Hops

Gives beer its fragrance, flavour and bitterness

Beer Production - Mill


Malt is crushed through compressing rollers, exposing the inner portion of the kernel The inner kernel is made assessable to enzymes

Beer Production - Grist Case


The crushed malt, or grist, is moved by conveyors to the grist case Each batch is weighed out

Beer Production - Hot Liquor Tank


Hot water from the Hot Liquor Tank is mixed with the grist through the inline mixer Mixture is called Mash and it travels to the Mash Mixer

Beer Production - Mash Mixer


Mashing (1st function) Adjuncts are added to the Mash The mixture is heated to ~50oC for enzyme activation Natural enzymes from the malt convert starches into fermentable sugars Sweet solution called Wort is produced

Beer Production -Lauter Tun


Lautering (2nd function) Filters and separates the grains from the wort Hot water is sprayed on the grains to help rinse through and extract all the wort Spent grains are cleaned and recycled as cattle feed

Beer Production - Brew Kettle


Brewing Mixture boils for approximately two hours Fragrant hops are added to the wort Boiling concentrates and sterilizes the wort, and captures the hops essence.

Beer Production -Whirlpool


Hot Wort is transferred from the kettle Whirlpool motion allows spent hops and proteins to settle to the tanks bottom Clear wort is drawn off and sent to the wort cooler

Beer Production -Heat Exchanger


Cooling Wort is cooled to a suitable temperature for injection or the pitching of yeast Provides adequate aeration to allow yeast to function properly

Beer Production - Fermenter


Fermentation Living Yeast is added to the wort as it travels to the fermentation tanks Fermentation takes about one week The liquid can now be called beer

Beer Production - Filter


Filtering Fermented beer is filtered to remove remaining hops and yeast

Beer Production - Aging


Beer is placed in tanks and aged in a cold cellar to mature its flavours and aroma Aging usually lasts 3 - 4 weeks Beer is ready for bottling or racking in kegs

Beer Production -Packaging


Filling Cleaned and sterilized bottles are filled and crowned Pasturization Bottles are subjected to high temperatures to ensure freshness Labelling Bottles are labelled once they are cool Electronically inspected Packed in cases and shipped

Types of Beer
Lager Beer is made with yeast strains that settle on the bottom of the brewing vats Most American beers are lagers Ales Yeast strains float to the top of the vats Tend to have a higher alcohol content than lagers

Types of Beer
Pilsener Brewed in the city of Pilsen Hard water is used in brewing Lighter colour than lagers Porter Dark beers Black malt is used Strong taste and high alcohol content

Types of Beer
Stout Dark ales made from toasted malt Brewed for a long period of time before aging

A Beer a Day keeps the Doctor Away


Beer contains B group vitamins such as biotin, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, riboflavin, thiamine, folic acid and vitamin B12 Moderate drinkers tend to have better health and live longer than those who abstain or drink heavily

Side Effects of Alcohol


Short Term The ethanol in beer causes intoxication, vomiting and unconsciousness in high dosages Hangovers occur due to dehydration Long Term Alcohol abuse leads to addiction and depression Liver and pancreatic diseases Central nervous system depressant

Quality tests

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