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x
Ft = 0 A = x A cos sin + xy A cos cos - y A sin cos - yx A sin sin = ( x - y )sin cos + xy ( cos2 sin2 ) t
x
yx y
A
but: 1+ cos2 cos2 = -------------2 2sincos = sin2 note: xy = yx 1-cos2 sin2 = ------------2
xy Acos x Acos
yx Asin y Asin
note that tan2 is the negative reciprocal of tan2s , hence, twice the two angles is separated 90, or the two angles are separated by 45
(2)
the plane of zero is obtained by equating eqn. (2) to zero, which yieds 2xy tan2 = - --------x - y
the planes of maximum and minimum are obtained by differentiating eqn(1) with respect to and setting the derivative to zero, which yields: 2xy tan2 = - --------x - y two values of 2 at 180 apart (3) or two values of at 90 apart
similarly, the planes of maximum in-plane shearing stress The maximum and minimum are called are found by differentiating eqn(2) with respect to and principal stresses and the planes where setting the derivative to zero, which yields they act are called principal planes x - y tan2s = --------2xy two values of 2s at 180 apart (4) or two values of s at 90 apart
The principal stresses are obtained by substituting the two values of in eqn (3) to eqn (1), thus:
Likewise, the maximum value of is obtained by substituting the value of s in eqn(4) to eqn(2), thus:
max = *(x y )/2]2 + xy 2 Mohr Circle derivation: If eqns. (1) and (2) are squared and added, the resulting equation is:
R = *(x y )/2]2 + xy 2
max
x-axis xy
C = (x +y )/2 max = (x +y )/2 + [(x y )/2]2 + xy 2 yx min = (x +y )/2 - [(x y )/2]2 + xy 2 y max = R = [(x y )/2]2 + xy 2 (x + y )/2 tan 2 = 2 xy /(x y ) x y-axis
(x - y )/2
Steps in drawing a more circle: 1. Plot the points (x , xy ) and (y , yx ), and connect this two points. 2. The line connecting the two points is a diameter of the mohrs circle. Compute for the location of the center of the circle, the radius of the circle, the principal stresses, the maximum in-plane shearing stress, and tan2 = 2 yx /(x y ) 3. For the purpose of determining the stresses on other planes whose normal makes an angle with respect to the x-axis, the line connecting the center of the circle to the point (x , xy ) is the x-axis, and the line connecting the point (y , yx ) is the y axis. 4. A line connecting the center of the circle to any point ( , ) in the circle represents a line normal to the plane whose stresses are ( , ). 4. For the principal stresses, max and min , the lines normal to the principal planes are already determined from tan2 = 2 yx /(x y ) . With this angle known and indicated in the mohrs circle, the value of ( , ) for any value of can now be obtained by laying out 2 with respect to the x-axis and doing some trigonometric computations.
Problem: (a) Draw the Mohrs Circle of Stresses for the initial state of stress given in the figure below. (b)Determine the principal stresses and draw the principal planes. (c) determine the maximum in plane shearing stresses and the planes on which they act. (d) determine the normal and shearing stresses on the planes which make an angle of 15 and 105 , counterclockwise, with the axis. Figure: -20mPa (a) min= -30mPa max = 70 mPa
-30mPa
30 mPa 60mPa 30mPa 60mPa
max R
x-axis 30 2=36.87
-30 mPa
xy = 30mPa
yx = - 30mPa
-20mPa
Solution: C = [x + y ]/2 = (60 20)/2 = 20 mPa. R = [(x y )/2]2 + xy 2 = 40 2 + 30 2 = 50 mPa (b) max = C + R = 20 + 50 = 70 mPa min = C - R = 20 - 50 = -30 mPa (c) xy = + or - R = + -50 mPa. 2s = 90 - 2 = 53.13 s = 26.57 note: = C = 20mPa when = xy = 50 mPa.
20mPa 50mPa 20 mPa 26.57
50 mPa