ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES IN THE HOTEL

Energy Conservation Measures in the Hotel

Due to competition and aggressive marketing strategies, hotels have to gear up with new activities and additions, latest illumination, new technology, and to meet demands by guests. This has set a trend of increase in the energy consumption, compared earlier periods. Also energy cost has increased considerably. This phenomenon has necessitated various energy conservation measures to reduce the energy bill, to be a profitable business.

Following measures are generally initiated by hotels, on energy saving.

1. Energy Audits. 2. Review of Benchmarks. 3. Action Plans

Action Plans 1) Deployment of Energy efficient machines.

2) Auto controls for A/c systems (BMS) 3) Efficient chilled water distribution system 4) Variable speed secondary pumping system 5) Change of cooling tower blades metallic to FRP. 6) Double skin AHU supply return ducts 7) Room automation key card system, (Key switches) 8) Utilization of cool atmospheric air 9) Use energy wheel recovery of cooling effect. 10) Offline dedicated filter for cooling tower 11) Efficient lighting system, use of energy saving bulbs/CFL. 12) Use of Dimmers 13) Electronic Ballast / energy efficient tube (T-S) 14) Voltage reducer for lighting circuits. 15) Lighting circuits on BMS/Auto Controller

16) Energy efficient motors. 17) Timers for remote lighting/Security lighting 18) Efficient Elevator machines. VVVF 19) Boiler insulation Front/Back covers. 20) Burner modulation. 21) Fuel additives. 22) Reclaiming heat from boiler flue. 23) Waste heat from condensate waste heat recovery 24) Use A/c machine with De super heater.

HOTEL CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY (5 Star Hotel)

1)

2) 3) 4)

Air conditioning- Chilled water distribution system. Pumps Efficiency /Sizing Lighting system. Cooling Towers

1) AIR CONDITIONING CHILLED WATER PRIMARY / SECONDARY SYSTEM.

System Before Modification

Chilled water tanks ( Primary / Secondary) are located at building terrace at the height of 37 mtrs. Open loop pumping system, was used earlier. 4 nos primary pumps of 25 HP each were connected in parallel from secondary stage tank on terrace to primary tanks on terrace through the chillers in basement plant room. (5 + 5) secondary pumps for 05 zones were connected from Primary tank on terrace to secondary tank on terrace through the AHUs / FCUs.

DISADVANTAGES

Loss of 10F between chiller outlet to suction of secondary pumps. 4 nos primary pumps with higher capacity were used for pumping chilled water to terrace tanks. Since primary pumps were not dedicated for each machine, additional pump was used for additional machine Secondary pumps were sized for maximum flow required with constant speed, resulting in loss of power during low demand. Less efficient Primary/secondary pumps.

RECOMMENDATIONS & ACTIONS

Removal of primary and secondary tanks from terrace. Converting this system to close loop pumping system. Replacement of 4 nos 25 HP old primary pumps by 7.5 HP high efficient grundfoss pumps dedicated to individual plant. Replacement of secondary pumps with high efficient grundfoss make pumps. Installation of variable speed drives for secondary pumps to control the flow as per demand in respective circuit. Each AHU in these circuits were provided with return Air Temp. controlled, modulating valve.

INVESTMENT

Cost of replacing pumps Rs. 10.00 lacs Cost of modification of pipelines insulation, controls, Rs 15.00 lacs Cost of variable speed drives Rs. 5.00 lacs

COMPARISION OF P0WER CONSUMED

Old System (Total HP) Primary Pumps 3 nos 75 HP Secondary Pumps zone A 45 (3 nos) Secondary Pumps zone B 30 (2 nos) New System (HP)with VFD 22.5 27 22.5

Secondary Pumps zone C (1 no)

15

6.75
6.75

Secondary Pumps zone D 15 ( 1 no)

Secondary Pump zone E ( 1 no)

Total

7.5
187.5

4.5
90.0

Saving in running cost @ 16 hrs / day and 300 days / year 72.7 kw (97.5 HP) x 16 hrs x 300 days @ 5.5 Rs / Kw = Rs.19.20 lacs

SAVING AND PAY BACK.

1. 2.

Total Investment made = Rs. 30 lacs Saving per year = Rs. 19.20 lacs Pay Back period = 1.56 year. = 19 months

2) PUMPING SYSTEM

Introduction

At the hotel, water having high TDS (more than 950 to 1100 ppm), R.O. plant is used for laundry, dishwashing, boiler and water blended with softener and RO water is used for cold and hot water in the hotel. This requires multiple pumping system for storage, transfer and distribution of total water system. Several pumps are used for this water distribution system including S.pool and cold storage cooling system.

Important Pumping Systems Are Comprising of :

R. O. hot primary and booster R. O. cold primary and booster Soft cold primary and booster Cold storage condenser circulation. Swimming pool /water bodies circulation.

In all systems the Beacon and Jyoti make pumps were used of various capacities from 3 HP to 15 HP

Operating Efficiencies of the old pumps were as below :

Pump Type R.O.H Primary R.O.H Booster Flow (gpm) 79 119 Head (in ft.) 137 102.89 Out put (BHP) 6.8 11.65 Efficiency % 40.28 26.54

R.O.C Primary
R.O.C Booster Soft Cold Primary Soft Cold Booster Condenser Circulation

77
57 165 108 107

116.7
63.9 116 121.5 117 93.43

7.09
1.64 10.17 6.65 6.78 5.39

32.01
56.25 47.5 49.8 46.6 49.04

Swimming Pool Circulation 112

Observation & Recommendations

Average operating efficiency of the pumps is 43.1%, Since the operating efficiency of the pumps is low. It is recommended to replace the pumps with cost effective more efficient Grundfos pumps.

Potential Saving in Pumping System.

Pump Type Present Kw 1.74 Grundfos pump Kw 1.2 Kw Saving 0.54 Energy saving (Kwh) 4730 Operational Pattern. One pump operates at a time (24 hrs) R.O.C Booster

R.O.C Primary

5.07

3.2

1.87

5460

One pump operates at a time (8 hrs)

One pump operates at a time (10 hrs) One pump operates at a time (24 hrs)

S.C Primary

8.9

6.5

2.4

8760

S. C Primary

5.53

4.0

1.53

13402

Potential Saving in Pumping System.

Pump Type Present Kw 6.35 Grundfos pump Kw 3.48 Kw Saving 2.87 Energy saving (Kwh) 10475 Operational Pattern. One pump operates at a time (10 hrs) One pump operates at a time (24 hrs) One pump operates at a time (24 hrs) One pump operates at a time (22 hrs) R.O.H Primary

R.O.H Booster

9.55

3.72

5.83

51070

Condenser Circulation Swimming Pool

5.07

3.84

1.23

10775

9.5

4.07

5.43

43602

Potential Saving in Pumping System

Energy Saving Potential : 143544 Kwh Cost of Saving : Rs. 811023 Initial Investment : Rs. 619200 Pay Back Period : 09 months

3) LIGHTING SYSTEMS

LIGHTING SYSTEM

The visual comfort in the Hotel is provided by suitably designed lighting schemes in the guest, public, external and services areas of the hotel. The lighting connected load is approximately 635 kw , which is 17% of the total connected load of the hotel.

Area Wise Break Up Of Lighting (Yearly)

Area Public Area Guest Area Service and External Area Kwh 1204138 523000 607360 % of total lighting load 51.6 22.4 26

Observation On Lighting System

Lighting supply voltage level measured was higher than specified. In night it used to reach up to 260V against 230V, resulting in higher power consumption and fusing of lamps. Public Toilets and common passage / service areas lights used to remain ON during No Occupancy time specially at night.

Observation On Lighting System

Presently tube lights used in service area, laundry, kitchens, corridor and atriums, consume total 56 wt each, which is much higher. 60 /100 W GLS lamps are used in admin / guest corridor / guest rooms.

Recommendation

Voltage reducer ( ES-25) to be used on lighting circuit to reduce voltage to 205V 208V to save power and avoid failure of lamps, without loss of illumination Occupancy sensors to be used in toilets and passages in service areas to switch off lights when areas are not in use. 28W, T-5 energy saving tube lights to be used with electronic choke, against 56W tube lights with copper wound choke, to save power. CFL 11W / 9W to be used against GSL lamps.

INVESTMENT
Voltage Reducer 9 nos. Rs. 20.40 lacs
Occupancy Sensors 8 nos. Rs. 0.20 lacs Tube Lights 1300 nos CFL lamps 1000 nos. Total Rs. 9.75 lacs Rs. 3.00 lacs Rs. 33.35 Lacs

SAVING / PAY BACK

Saving from ES 25 Saving from Occupancy Sensor Saving from Tube lights Saving from CFL lamps Total Rs. 12.24 lacs Rs. 0.72 Lacs Rs. 7.92 lacs Rs. 8.5 lacs Rs. 29.40 Lacs

Pay back time - 33.35 / 29.40 = 1.14 year

4) COOLING TOWER

Cooling Towerold setup

Three in number cooling towers of capacity 300 ton each were located at 1st floor level. These cooling towers were connected in parallel and are feeding to 3 nos AC plant of capacity 300 ton each. In normal case 2 Nos. 300 ton chiller, and 3 nos. 300 T cooling towers were operated to get desired condition

Observation

Due to space problem cooling towers were located very close to each other and also close to building wall resulting in poor efficiency, operation of 900tons cooling towers caters to 2 nos of AC plants i.e 600 tons. Due to poor efficiency of cooling tower, hotel is unable to operate two AC plants of 300 ton each on full load resulting in switch ON of third plant of 300 ton to meet the demand. High power consumption resulted due to fixed speed and old design. Causes noise pollution in the guest rooms.

Recommendation New setup

Relocate existing cooling tower, away from the building to have more fresh air and space between them so as the efficiency increases and eliminate noise problem. Replacement of 3 nos x 300 ton cooling towers by 2 nos x 500 ton each. Installation of variable speed drive on both cooling towers. Hence flexible output.

Investment

Cost of Cooling Towers : Rs. 10.0 L Civil work on new site:Rs 6.4 Lacs Modification of pipe line Rs. 2.5 L Cost of V.F.Ds : Rs. 2.0 Lacs

Potential saving

Energy saving potential (Kwh) 1.85 lacs / Annum Cost of Saving : Rs. 11.1 lacs Initial Investment : Rs. 20.90 lacs Pay back period : 2 years.

Yearly Electrical Energy Consumption

12000000 10981521 10000000 8000000
KWH

10364924 8928736

6000000 4000000 2000000 0 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04

Series1

Series1 10981521 10364924 8928736