CHAPTER 3 HEAT

Latent Heat

WARMING-UP
Do these require energy supply?

Separating magnets that stick to each other.

Allowing magnets to stick to each other.

Some water molecules taken from liquid water are put in air. Water molecules in air come together and form dew.

WARMING-UP
less Ice molecules moves ________ (more/less) freely than water molecules; less so they have ________ (more / less) KE than water molecules.

INTRODUCTION

Change of state
Matter exists in 3 states: solid, liquid,gas e.g. water
Fusion (at
melting point)

vaporization (takes place at boiling point)

ice

solidification at freezing point

water

condensation at boiling point

steam

HEAT AND PARTICLE MOTION

molecule

Regular arrangement breaks up

strong attraction

weak attraction

HEAT AND PARTICLE MOTION Energy has to be supplied to oppose the attractive force of the particles.

PE related to the forces of attraction between the particles solid liquid or liquid gas average potential energy

HEAT AND PARTICLE MOTION

The transfer of energy does not change the KE. Temperature does not change.
latent heat = change in PE during change of state

Ice-water mixture stays at 0 C until all the ice is melted. temperature unchanged energy is absorbed from air to change the ice to water

Energy supplied continuously to keep water boils

temperature unchanged energy is absorbed to change the water to stream

LATENT HEAT: FROM ICE TO STEAM

steam condensation

vaporization

water solidification
ice

fusion

absorbs latent heat of fusion

steam condensation

vaporization

water solidification
ice

absorbs latent heat of vaporization

fusion

steam condensation

vaporization

releases latent heat of vaporization

solidification

water fusion
ice

steam condensation

vaporization

releases latent heat of fusion

water solidification
ice

fusion

During change of state:

The energy given out/absorbed is called latent heat Means HIDDEN
From liquid to solid, energy to the surroundings due to the decrease in the kinetic energy of the particles
From solid to liquid, energy from the surroundings due to the increase in the kinetic energy of the particles

is released

is absorbed

WHY TEMPERATURE REMAINS CONSTANT?

1. All heat absorbed/released changes the PE of the molecules. 2. Temperature changes when KE of molecules changes.

APPLICATION OF LATENT HEAT

1. When vapour condenses, is the surrounding air warmed or cooled?

2. A burn caused by steam at 100 C is more serious than a burn caused by boiling water at 100 C.

3. Soft drinks are cooled when an ice cube is put into the drink.

4. Aftershave or skin tonic has a cooling effect on the skin.

5. Water is cooled when kept in earthen pots.