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Kody Varahramyan
Vice Chancellor for Research
What is Nanotechnology
www.purdue.edu www.phys.psu.edu www.nasa.gov
Nanotechnology is the creation of functional materials, devices and systems, through the understanding and control of matter at dimensions in the nanometer scale length (1-100 nm), where new functionalities and properties of matter are observed and harnessed for a broad range of applications
History of Nanotechnology
~ 2000 Years Ago Sulfide nanocrystals used by Greeks and Romans to dye hair ~ 1000 Years Ago (Middle Ages) Gold nanoparticles of different sizes used to produce different colors in stained glass windows 1959 There is plenty of room at the bottom by R. Feynman 1974 Nanotechnology - Taniguchi uses the term nanotechnology for the first time 1981 IBM develops Scanning Tunneling Microscope 1985 Buckyball - Scientists at Rice University and University of Sussex discover C60 1986 Engines of Creation - First book on nanotechnology by K. Eric Drexler. Atomic Force Microscope invented by Binnig, Quate and Gerbe 1989 IBM logo made with individual atoms 1991 Carbon nanotube discovered by S. Iijima 1999 Nanomedicine 1st nanomedicine book by R. Freitas 2000 National Nanotechnology Initiative launched
What is Nanoscale
ww.mathworks.com
12,756 Km
22 cm
0.7 nm
1.27 107 m
0.22 m
0.7 10-9 m
www.physics.ucr.edu
Fullerenes C60
Nanotechnology Applications
Information Technology
Smaller, faster, more energy efficient and powerful computing and other IT-based systems
Energy
More efficient and cost effective technologies for energy production
Solar cells Fuel cells Batteries Bio fuels
Medicine
Cancer treatment Bone treatment Drug delivery Appetite control Drug development Medical tools Diagnostic tests Imaging
Consumer Goods
Foods and beverages
Advanced packaging materials, sensors, and lab-on-chips for food quality testing
Nanoscale Materials
Nanoscale materials have feature size less than 100 nm utilized in nanoscale structures, devices and systems Nanoparticles and Structures
Gold nanoparticles
TU Dresden/ESRF, 2008
Silver nanoparticles
Northwestern Univ., 2002
A stadium shaped quantum corral made by positioning iron atoms on a copper surface IBM Corp., 1993.
A 3-dimensional nanostructure grown by controlled nucleation of Silicon-carbide nanowires on Gallium catalyst particles
Univ. of Cambridge, 2007
Nanoscale Materials
Nanowires and Nanotubes Lateral dimension: 1 100 nm Nanowires and nanotubes exhibit novel physical, electronic and optical properties due to
Two dimensional quantum confinement Structural one dimensionality High surface to volume ratio
Nanoscale Materials
Protein
Bionanomaterials 1) Biological materials utilized in nanotechnology - Proteins, enzymes, DNA, RNA, peptides 1) Synthetic nanomaterials utilized in biomedical applications
- Polymers, porous silicon, carbon nanotubes
Bottom-up Approaches
Layer-by-layer self assembly Molecular self assembly Direct assembly Coating and growth Colloidal aggregation
Fuel Cells
Fuel cells use hydrogen and air as fuels and produce water as by product The technology uses a nanomaterial membrane to produce electricity
500 W fuel cell
H2economy.com
Thermal ablation of cancer cells assisted by nanoshells coated with metallic layer and an external energy source National Cancer
Institute
Targeted drug delivery Targeted drug delivery using a multicomponent nanoparticle containing therapeutic as well as biological surface modifying agents Mauro Ferrari, Univ. of Cal. Berkley
The microfluidic channel with nanowire sensor can detect the presence of altered genes associated with cancer J. Heath, Cali. Insti. of
Technology
The nanoscale cantilever detects the presence and concentration of various molecular expressions of a cancer cell
A. Majumdar, Univ. of Cal. at Berkeley
Participation Open To All Interested Faculty, Centers, Departments & Schools Current Participating Faculty from:
Biology, Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Physics Biomedical Engineering, Electrical & Computer Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Orthopedic Surgery, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine Lugar Center for Renewable Energy Transportation Active Safety Institute Center for Sensor and Ubiquitous Networking Nanoscale Imaging Center
Integrated Nanosystems
Definition: Systems which may consist of integrated micro-, meso-, and/or macro-scale parts, and have their core components realized by nano-scale materials, processes, and devices.
Mission:
1) to enable, through innovative interdisciplinary research and educational programs, the development of nanotechnology-based systems for biomedical, energy, environmental, information technology and other applications, and 2) to provide solutions which, through translation of research into practice and technology transfer, contribute to social well being and economic growth.
Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute INDI Current Processing and Measurement Resources:
Micro/Nanoelectronics Laboratory Sputtering systems Thermal evaporator systems Solution-based nanocrystal fabrication Membrane ion transport workstation Combined atomic force and fluorescence microscope Fluorescence correlation spectrometer Wide-field single molecule fluorescence microscopy Room temperature near-field scanning optical microscope Low temperature near-field scanning optical microscope FTIR spectrometer Spectrofluorometer Ultra high vacuum scanning tunneling microscope Small angle X-ray scattering system Particle sizing instrument Atomic force microscope Combined atomic force-scanning tunneling microscope Transmission electron microscope Scanning electron microscope Low vacuum scanning electron microscope with electron dispersion spectrometer Electron probe microanalyzer with wavelength dispersion capabilities Two photon absorption microscope Confocal microscopes
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