TREE DIAGRAM

GROUP MEMBERS: ( 1 ) AMIRUL ASYRAF BIN KAMARULZAINI ( 2 ) MOHD FAIZ BIN AZIS PISMP MATHEMATICS 1 SEMESTER 5

Syntax in Linguistic Tree

Linguistics
Sounds of language

Grammar

Meaning

Phonetics

Phonology Morphology Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

Language acquisition
Everyone who can speak knows how to use the rules
and

it is amazing that children can do it so fast

But nobody can really state exactly what the rules are!
Understanding syntax (and morphology) can help

researchers to understand how young children learn

their native language

All languages have constituents

Take a simple sentence

Johnny danced

We can call the sentence S, and label the

syntactic categories N (noun) and V (verb).

N
Johnny
4

V
danced

Phrase structure grammar

N and V arent always very

good labels Johnny is similar to the handsome student, because they are both the same kind of constituent

They are both Noun Phrases We can remove Johnny and add the handsome student, and the sentence structure is still similar

NP
The handsome student

VP
danced

Syntactic Categories

Non-lexical categories Determiner (Det) Degree word (Deg) Qualifier (Qual) Auxiliary (Aux) Conjunction (Con)

Examples the, this very, more always, perhaps will, can and, or

Syntax Alok K Das

Dr

Phrases
7

NP : Noun Phrase

The car, a clever student VP : Verb Phrase study hard, play the guitar PP : Prepositional Phrase in the class, above the earth AP : Adjective Phrase very tall, quite certain

Phrase Structure Rules

NP (Det) N (PP) PP P NP
8

The bus (NP)

The bus in the yard NP N Det N P Det The bus in the PP NP N yard

Det

The

bus

Example
The old tree swayed in the wind
S Aux

NP

VP

Det

Adj

V
P

PP
NP Det N wind

The

old

tree

past

swayed

in

the

Example
The children put the toy in the box
S

NP Det

VP

V
Det

NP
N P

PP
NP Det N box

The

children

put

the

toy

in

the

Thats all. Thank you. =)