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ADSR Enveloping
MATLAB Lab Experiment Code Results Conclusion
Pythagoras was first to believe that notes can be represented mathematically All instruments notes can be represented by their frequencies
http://9waysmysteryschool.tripod.com/sacredsoundtools/id13.html
How is music created today? MIDI used as industry standard MIDI carries information that specifies a notes pitch and duration
http://opusonemusic.net/Helpfiles/OSX/Help/pages/MIDIConnections.html
A Note represents the duration and pitch of a sound Two notes with frequencies in a ratio of 2n sound similar To differentiate notes of same pitch, notation system created for octaves
http://library.thinkquest.org/15413/theory/note-reading.html
A4, 440Hz is the standard tuning pitch Historical Reasons for standard tuning pitch Practical Reasons for standard tuning pitch
https://www.youtube.com/v/rFOl-9SNxLY
http://piano.about.com/library/pitch-notation/b1_scientific-pitch-notation_2.html
How is music created today? MIDI used as industry standard MIDI carries information that specifies a notes pitch and duration
http://opusonemusic.net/Helpfiles/OSX/Help/pages/MIDIConnections.html
Any note is an integer of half steps from A4 12 is notes between any two notes of same pitch
Audio Sampling
Facilitates reconstruction of an unaliased analog signal from digital data Allows the intended music to be produced from the discrete waveforms we make in MATLAB
As a practice, audio signals are often sampled a few times more than the Nyquist rate
Audio Sampling
Standard Sampling Rates
Sampling Rate
8,000 Hz 16,000 Hz 32,000 Hz 44,100 Hz 48,000 Hz 88,200 Hz
Use
Telephone transmission VoIP (Online Phone Services) Digital FM Radio Audio CD & MP3 Format Audio in Standard Professional Digital Video Audio from Professional Recording Equipment destined to CD, MP3, etc.
96,000 Hz
192,000 Hz 352,800 Hz
ADSR Enveloping
To produce less artificial notes, an ADSR envelope can be applied to note waveform.
o o o o
Attack: initial run-up from zero to peak Decay: run down from attack to sustain level Sustain: level of main sequence of sound's duration Release: decay to zero after sustain
http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:ADSR_parameter.svg
ADSR Enveloping
ADSR profiles are designed to replicate the spectral content of acoustic instruments Different ADSR profiles are used to generate the sound of specific instruments Synthesizers allow defining of envelopes to create many different types of sound
MATLAB
Short for Matrix Laboratory Used for numerical computation, visualization, and programming Used for wide range of applications:
signal processing and communications image and video processing control systems test and measurement computational finance computational biology
Flow Chart
Returns note
.15 .1
.6
.15
Results
Thomas's Theoretical Results
https://www.youtube.com/v/fMqKXtogWgk
Results
Thomas's Results
Results
Brian's Theoretical Results
https://www.youtube.com/v/h-0G_FI61a8
Results
Brian's Results
Conclusion
waveforms of its corresponding frequency Music can be synthesized with computers and other mediums like the 555 timer If sampling rate is too low, happens MATLAB is awesome!!!
Citations
INFORMATION
McClellan, James H., Ronald W. Schafer and Mark A. Yoder. DSP First: A Multimedia Approach. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1998 Charles Dodge, Thomas A. Jerse. Computer Music. New York: Schirmer Books, 1997. Self, Douglas. Audio Engineering Explained. Oxford, UK: Focal, 2010.
MUSIC
IMAGES & VIDEOS http://library.thinkquest.org/15413/theory/note-reading.html http://piano.about.com/library/pitch-notation/b1_scientific-pitch-notation_2.html http://opusonemusic.net/Helpfiles/OSX/Help/pages/MIDIConnections.html http://9waysmysteryschool.tripod.com/sacredsoundtools/id13.html http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:ADSR_parameter.svg http://projectemp.wordpress.com/index.html https://www.youtube.com/v/h-0G_FI61a8 https://www.youtube.com/v/fMqKXtogWgk https://www.youtube.com/v/rFOl-9SNxLY
Questions?