TYPES OF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

PRESENTAION BYDEEP SHREE

PRODUCTION
A production process consists of activities that are required in transforming an input set (human resources, raw materials, energy, money,information, etc.) to valuable outputs with the help of processors.

Production system
A production

system converts inputs into outputs with the help of processors A generalised production system can be represented as: INPUT
PROCESSOR

OUTPUT

(goods/services)

Types of production systems

Classification on the basis of output Three bases considered1. Variety 2. Uniformity 3. Volume per output type o Two types

a)continuous b)intermittent

LOW VARIETY CONTINUOUS

HIGH INTERMITTENT

FLOW PRODUCTION

MASS PRODUCTION

BATCH PRODUCTION

JOB ORDER

PROJECTS

HIGH UNIFORMITY HIGH VPOT

LOW LOW

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CONTINUOUS AND INTERMITTENT SYSTEMS

ON THE BASIS OF MACHINERY

CONTINUOUS
1.SPECIFIC MACHINERY

INTERMITTENT
1.GENERALISED MACHINERY

2.PERMANENT MACHINE SETUP 3.DUPLICATION OF MACHINES

2.FREQUENT CHANGES IN MACHINE SETUP 3.LESS MACHINES REQUIRED

ON THE BASIS OF MATERIAL HANDLING AND LABOUR USE

CONTINUOUS
1.UNSKILLED AS WELL AS SMALL TEAM OF SPECIALISED LABOUR FORCE 2.MECHANIZED MATERIAL HANDLING 3.MATERIAL HANDLING COST IS LESS 4.INVESTMENT IN INVENTORY IS HIGHER

INTERMITTENT
1.HIGHLY SKILLED LABOUR FORCE

2.NOT FEASIBLE TO EMPLOY MECHANIZED HANDLING 3.MATERIAL HANDLING COST IS HIGHER 4.NEED FOR INVENTORY IS MINIMISED

ON THE BASIS OF OUTPUT PRODUCEDINTERMITTENT

CONTINUOUS

1.FEW STANDARD PRODUCTS IN LARGE QUANTITIES

1.WIDE RANGE OF PRODUCTS IN SMALL QUANTITIES

2.OUTPUT ON THE BASIS OF ANTICIPATION OF DEMAND

2.OUTPUT ACCORDING TO ORDER RECEIVED

DIFFERENCES ON THE BASIS OF MAINTENANCE AND CONTROL EMPLOYED

INTERMITTENT

CONTINUOUS

1.ABSENCE OF MAINTENNCE MAY INTERRUPT WHOLE PROCESS 2.CONTROLLING IS SIMPLER

1.NO DANGER OF STOPPAGE OF WHOLE LINE

2.CONTROLLING IS COMPLEX

TYPES OF CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION SYSTEM

1.FLOW TYPE
Output

cannot be segregated into different

units High degree of uniformity Output cannot be measured directly Example-power plant

2.MASS PRODUCTION Straight line flow of materials Output of one stge normally becomes input for another Output visible in form of identical units Standardised output produced in large quantities PROBLEMS
Balancing of production lines 2. Machine maintenance 3. Raw materials supply Example sugar production
1.

Types of intermittent production systems

1.BATCH PRODUCTION SYSTEM Variety of products are made in small quantities Various products compete for share of machines Outputs are aggregated in form of batches Batches may comprise of similar or dissimilar outputs PROBLEMS 1. Machine-job allocation problem 2. Determination of economic batch quantity 3. Scheduling and sequencing of operations Example electrical goods

2.JOB-ORDER PRODUCTION SYSTEM Does not has its own standard product but accepts whatever customer orders come in Output identifiable in terms of specific job order Material flow is very complex PROBLEMS 1. Determination of the sequence of processing Example tailor shop

3.PROJECT PRODUCTION SYSTEM Project is a temporary endeavour having a defined beginning and end ;undertaken to meet unique goals and objectives Project is non repetitive This type of production system uses resources on different projects Product remains fixed and manpower and facilities put work on it PERT/CPM can be used for planning and control in this case

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