Practicum Orientation

Contents
Background Practicum Policies Supervision Coordination Reporting Practicum Work
Organization Part
Macro Environment Micro Environment International Market

 Actual Task Part

Management Management Process Organization Analysis Guide

Project Part
Defining Project/Research Components of Research Projects Rationale Objectives Description

Methods Materials Activity Plan Data Analyses Reporting Results Planning Project Works

Report Preparation and Presentation

Before writing the report Report Format Sample Standard Table of Contents

Oral Presentation

Background
Value of practical work experience Internship in a suitable and relevant organization An integral part of degree requirement Course Load equivalent to 9 Credit hours course work Preparing students for professional career in respective field of study

Background
Specialization and off-campus job experience Learning into Action Reporting the project activities in specified format a way help practical reporting Presenting the report and defending the same Work is graded by the respective department Passing grade to qualify Open up opportunities for future career

Practicum Policies
Eligibility
Completion of departmental course requirement Qualifying through comprehensive exam Qualifying in the English Language Competency Test (ELCT) Authorization and issuance of placement letter by respective Coordinator Placement in a relevant organization for 12-16 weeks Submission of a Standard Practicum Report and getting the same approved by the Respective Supervisor and Coordinator Clearance from Accounts, Library and Registry

Practicum Policies
Program Structure
Three Phases
Organizational Orientation Practicum Work Report Submission (submission by deadline, defense and viva)

Allowances
Practicum organizations are suggested to motivate interns by paying Tk. 5,000/PM This may vary from organization to organization

Supervision
Organizational Supervisor Designated Faculty Supervisor Linkage between the supervisors Regular supervision and guidance The intern is to be punctual for office attendance For leave, application to be made to the host organization and designated supervisor at IUBAT Supervisors to guide in identification and selection of project work

Objectives
Gaining of Practical Experience by the Intern Undertake task on a management problem of the host organization
Selection of a problem Collection and analyses of relevant data/information Recommend strategic solution

Report Submission
Result Report to be prepared and submited to the university and host organizing within the deadline notified by the Registry
2 Copies of Practicum Report (final/corrected one with Rexene/Leather binding + earlier submitted one during practicum defense) and a soft copy of the final report is to be submitted at IUBAT Library by the studenft Attach the work completion letter from HR/Supervisor/Appropriate Authority of the Organization/Institution in the final report.

 Name, Address, and contact number of the following persons separately in a envelop:
Chief of the Practicum Organization Head of Human Resource Department/Personnel Department/HRM Supervisor

Filled-in IUBAT Alumni Association Membership Form along with photocopy of Membership Receipt and 3 copies of most recent Photographs separately. Report Receipt copy from IUBAT Library

Coordination

The whole program to be coordinated by respective Coordinator and Registry

Practicum Work
ORGANIZATION PART

ACTUAL TASK PART

PROJECT PART

ORGANIZATION PART

ECONOMIC
PHYSICAL
COMPETITORS

POLITICAL Suppliers Company MKt Intermediaries Customers

TECHNOL OGICAL

PUBLICS

LEGAL

DEMOGRAPHIC

Macro-Environment
DEMOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENT

Birth Rate Age structure People Education & Employment

Rapid change Innovation opportunities High R&D budget Regulation of technology

TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

Macro-Environment
POLITICAL-LEGAL ENVIRONMENT
Laws Government Agencies Pressure Groups

SOCIO-CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
Basic Beliefs, values & norms Core beliefs Cultures Sub-cultures

Micro-Environment
COMPANY SUPPLIERS MKT. INTERMEDIARIES
Middlemen Physical Distribution Firms Marketing service Agencies Financial Intermediaries Consumer Market Industrial Market Reseller Market Govt. & Non-Profit Market

CUSTOMERS

INTERNATIONAL MARKETS
COMPETITORS
Market Positioning

PUBLICS
Financial Publics Media Publics Government Publics Citizen-Action Publics Local Publics General Publics Internal Publics

ACTUAL TASK PART

The Department/Division/Unit Structure Manpower Task specification Departmental goals Departmental achievements

MANAGEMENT

Management involves proper functioning of cooperative efforts through: GUIDANCE LEADERSHIP and CONTROL for GOAL ACHIEVEMENT

MANAGEMENT INVOLVES
ANALYSIS PLANNING STRUCTURING MANNING IMPLEMENTATION CONTROL

MANAGEMENT PROCESS
ANALYSIS Environmental Scanning Elements of Planning Data Processing -Individual -Material Decision Making -Resources -Information PLANNING Process of Planning ORGANIZING Structuring Staffing Departmentation Supervision Delegation Decentralization Functional Specialization Types of Plan Feedback IMPLEMENTING Operational programming/ scheduling Coordination Motivation Leadership Communication Types of control Elements of Control Standard and Measurement CONTROLLING Control Process

Management Information System (MIS)

Organization Analysis Guide

Analysis following management processes:
Comparative analysis Findings Recommendations

PROJECT PART

Definitions for Project/Research:

Methodical investigation into a subject in order to discover facts, to establish or to develop a plan of action based on facts discovered

Attempt to find out information in a systematically and scientific manner

Human activity based on intellectual investigation and is aimed at discovering, interpreting, and revising human knowledge on different aspects of the world. Research can use the scientific method, but need not do so. Diligent and thorough inquiry and investigation into a subject. This includes using all appropriate print and electronic sources, asking the reference librarian for help, and making use of bibliographies given by other authors. The process of discovering new knowledge or of synthesis of existing knowledge into a form useful for a stated purpose

Why do we conduct Research Projects?

To invent new things To solve a prevailing problem To support development programmes of a country To uplift living standards Because we are inquisitive about things happening around us

What are the Components of a Research Project?

Rationale
Objectives Project description

Rationale
Underlying reasons
or

Reasoning or principle that underlies or explains something, or a statement setting out this reasoning or principle

Objectives

A goal or aim or Expected end result

Project description
Duration (short-term, medium term, Long-term) Methods Materials Activity plan Analyses of data How to report the results

Methods
Practical
Laboratory Field

Theoretical
Using published or written information Using IT facilities

Materials
Equipment
Major Minor

Consumables
Glassware Chemicals Stationary etc.

Activity Plan
Activity
1 2
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

week/Days
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
X

1 2 3 4 5 6

Analyses of Data
Using statistical methods Computer programmes etc.

How to report results?

Tables Graphs Flow charts Photographs Text Film etc.

Planning Project Work

I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII.
VIII. IX.

Project Title Project Goal Identification of Data Needs Data Collection Instruments Sampling Data Collection Editing, Compilation, Collation and Processing of Data Analysis of Data Reporting & Presentation

REPORT PREPARATION AND

PRESENTATION

REPORT PREPARATION AND

PRESENTATION
RESEARCH REPORT

A research report is:

a written document or oral presentation based on a

written document that communicates the purpose, scope, objective(s), hypotheses, methodology, findings, limitations and finally, recommendations of a research project to others.
The last stage of research process.; It is more than a summary of findings; rather it is a record of the research process.

The researcher has to convince the readers that the research findings can be acted on for their own benefit.

Types of Research Report

Any research report contains:
descriptions on methodology, results obtained, and recommendations made.

The basic orientation of a research report depends on its audience. Before writing the report
the researcher must know his or her audience; he/she may have to make assumptions about the composition, background and interests of the target readers.

 Two types of reports: Technical Report: suitable for a target audience of

researchers, research managers or other people familiar with and interested in the technicalities such as research design, sampling methods, statistical details etc.,

Popular Report: suitable for:

a more general audience, interested mainly in the research findings as it is non-technical in nature.

The writing style is designed to facilitate easy and rapid reading and understanding of the research findings and recommendations.

REPORT PREPARATION AND PRESENTATION PROCESS

Problem Definition, Research Design and Methodology

Data Analysis

Pre-report Writing Activities

Interpretation of Research findings

Report Preparation

Report Writing Activities

Oral Presentattion

RESEARCH FOLLOW-UP

Reading of the Report

Post Report Writing

The first step in the process involves..

the interpretation of the results of data analysis in light of:
the research problem investigated, and the research design and methodology followed.

The research report is a means of communication that can be understood, believed, trusted by everyone who are likely to be affected by the research, and acted upon by the decision maker.

Before writing the report

the researcher should discuss: the major findings,
conclusions, and recommendations with the key stakeholders.
necessary to ensure that the report meets the needs of the sponsor and is ultimately accepted.

The entire research project:

should be summarized in a single written report or in several reports addressed to different readers. should present the findings in such a way that they can be used directly as input into decision making.

Report Format
No universally accepted standard format or style for research writing. Different researchers may prepare their reports differently.
The personality, background, expertise, and responsibility of the researcher and those of the decision maker for whom the report is written interact to give each report a unique character. Report formats are likely to vary with the nature of the project itself. However, the research report closely resembles the steps of the research process.

Most research reports include the following elements:

Title page Letter of transmittal Table of contents List of tables List of graphs List of appendices List of exhibits Executive summary
a. Major findings b. Conclusions c. Recommendations
IV. Research design
a. Type of research design b. Information needs c. Data collection from secondary sources d. Data collection from primary sources e. Scaling techniques f. Questionnaire development and pretesting g. Sampling techniques

I.

h. Field work V. Data analysis a. Methodology

b. Plan of data analysis

II.

Introduction

a. Background to the problem b. Statement of the problem

VI. Results VII. Limitations and caveats VIII. Conclusions and recommendations

III.

Approach to the problem

VIV. Appendix a. Questionnaires and forms

b. Statistical output c. Lists d. Bibliography

The results...
may be presented in several chapters of the report. For example, the Community Baseline Survey conducted by Dr M Alimullah Miyan in 1986 for the Aga Khan Community Health Program at Purana Palton, Dhaka, involved presentation of the report in three chapters on background, seven chapters in terms of contents and one chapter on conclusions. The Table of Contents of the report is as follows:

Table of Contents
1. General Setting of the Survey
1. Introduction 2. Health Situation in Bangladesh
1. Morbidity and Mortality 2. Systems of Medical Treatment 3. Institutional Frame-work for Health Care

3. Community Participation in Health

2. Background of the Survey

1.Introduction of the Survey 2.Objectives 3.Areas of Survey 4.Organization of the Survey

3. Methodology and Design

1. Approach and Survey Components 2. Selection of the Units of Investigation 3. Instruments of Data Collection and Collation
1. Questionnaires
1. Households Census Schedule 2. Questionnaire for the lady of the House 3. Field Instruction Manual 4. Data Transfer Sheet

4. Data Collection
1. Recruitment 2. Selection 3. Training 4. Evaluation 5. Assignment 6. Data Collection Procedures 7. Monitoring and Evaluation

5. Processing and Analysis of Data 6. Reliability of estimates

4. Profile of the Clientele

1. Demographic Characteristics
1. Family size 2. Household size 3. Age structure
1. Target women group 2. Age distribution of children

4. Marital status 5. Family education level

1. Educational attainment of men 2. Educational level of adults 3. School age girls

2. Economic characteristics
1. Occupation
1. Occupation of lady of the house 2. Occupation of the adult women 3. Women outside occupation 4. Main occupation of men

2. Family income

3. Cultural and community aspects

1. Religion 2. Community participation

5. Health Information and Education

1. Service availability and awareness 2. Benefit awareness of health activities
1. Pre-natal care 2. Delivery by trained attendant 3. Post-natal care 4. Immunization of children 5. ORT for diarrhoea 6. Boiling water before consumption 7. Protecting and covering food 8. Protecting against mosquito bites 9. Measuring weight gained during pregnancy 10.Measuring weight of newborn 11.Child growth monitoring 12.Breastfeeding

3. Awareness of ORT

6. Nutrition promotion
1.Breastfeeding 2.Supplementary feeding 3.Child weighing

7. Maternal and Child Health

1.Pre-natal contacts 2.Birth attendants 3.Sibling under two years

8. Immunization
1.Tetanus for women 2.BCG immunization for children 3.DPT immunization of children 4.Polio immunization of children 5.Measles immunization of children

9. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

1.Drinking water sources 2.Defecation practices 3.Hygienic aspects

10. Disease Incidence and Treatment

1.Common disease incidence 2.Diarrhoea incidence and treatment

11. Accessibility of Health Care

1.Need and availability 2.Cost and satisfaction

12. Health status of population

1. Infant mortality 2. Child mortality 3. Maternal mortality 4. Crude birth rate

BIBLIOGRAPHY
ANNEXURE-I: The Study Team ANNEXURE-II: English Version of the Questionnaire ANNEXURE-III: Field Instruction Manual for Data Collection

Report Writing
Effective report writing is an art.

Some basic points to note in writing a report.

Readers: The report should take into account the level of readers' technical sophistication, their interest in the project, ability to understand as well as the circumstances under which they will read the report and how they will use it.. Adherence to study objectives: A research report must show that the research objectives have been accomplished.. Easy to follow: The most basic characteristic of a good report is that it is easy to follow.
It should be well organized, logically structured, and clearly and lucidly written. Headings and sub-headings should be used for different topics and subtopics respectively..

Report Writing
Objective: Report writing should always be guided by objectivity. Should accurately present the methodology, results, and conclusions of the project, without slanting the findings to conform to the expectations of management. Selectivity: A researcher must use his or her discretion in deciding what should be included in the report. Concise: A report should be concise. Yet brevity should not be achieved at the expense of completeness. Presentation: The report should be professionally done with
quality paper, good typing, and attractive binding.

Report Writing
Visual aids: Key information presented in the text of a research report should be reinforced with tables, graphs, pictures, maps, and other visual devices. Guidelines for Tables: Statistical tables are a vital part of the report and deserve special attention.
Every table should have a number and brief but clear title. Basis or unit of measurement should be clearly stated to facilitate understanding. The arrangement of the data item should emphasize the most important aspect of the data being presented. If necessary, explanations, comments etc. should be provided as footnotes. If the table presents secondary data, the source(s) must be cited clearly.

Assimilation of Contents
Main body of the contents of a report must reflect the contents of investigation, organised into coherent chapters. For example, in the Community Baseline Survey the main areas of investigations were as follows which have been organized into meaningful chapters as has been done in the Table of Contents shown earlier:

Areas of Investigation
demographic characteristics economic characteristics cultural and community conditions health conditions health knowledge and information nutrition dietary aspects of mother and children maternal and child health care immunization drinking water supply and sanitation hygienic habits defecation practices disease incidence and treatment Incidence and treatment of diarrhea Access to health care Community expectations Use of existing public and private health care services

Oral Presentation
Generally, an oral presentation supplements the written report. Should be carefully prepared keeping the audience in mind. A good presentation does not mean a lengthy presentation. Carefully selected visual aids such as graphs, tables, charts, maps etc. help presentation.
However, Too many visual aids, particularly statistical tables, could often be boring and may not serve any purpose.

During oral presentation, people may seek clarification.

The speaker must be patient and should not show signs of anger or frustration. He or she should be natural, establish eye contact with the audience, and interact with them. Body language and descriptive gestures are also quite useful.

Thank you