Pres15 - Motmor Protection 2-02

Suggestion on How to Use
Industry Trainers are encouraged to use this material in their sessions Download both the PowerPoint file (.ppt) and script file (.pdf) Print the script file (.pdf) and read the script as you view the PowerPoint presentation in the Slide Show view. In this way you see the slides in large format and have animation (if there is any) Must have PowerPoint and Adobe Reader application software on your system.
2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.
Motor and Motor Circuit Protection

Agenda
Motor Circuit Characteristics Protection from Overcurrents
Motor Circuit Requirements

Sizing OCPDs Back-up Overload Protection
Type 2 Protection

How does a motor operate?
Starting Normally
What do we protect against?

Overload Short-Circuit
1000
100
Time in Seconds
Normal Operating Current Motor Inrush Curve Inrush Current
10
0.1
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
100
Time in Seconds
10
300 % Overload
0.1
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
100
Time in Seconds
10
Short Circuit
0.1
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
Motor Circuit ) Requirements(NEC

430.101
Disconnecting means
To Supply
430.52
Branch-Circuit Short-Circuit
Motor Branch
430.32
Overload Protection
Motor Overload

NEC 430.102
Location(Of Disconnecting Means)
(A) In sight from Controller Branch-Circuit Short-Circuit Disconnect (B) In sight from Motor Branch-Circuit Short-Circuit Disconnect Manual Motor Controller Suitable as Motor Disconnect Exceptions provided if (A) is lockable in open position.
1999 NEC Code

Lockable Disconnecting Means
Barrier, wall or isle with an obstruction
Controller
2002 NEC Code Change

In sight (of controller) disconnecting means ahead of controller required per 430.102(A) Barrier, wall or isle with an obstruction In sight motor disconnecting means required per 430.102(B) Controller

NEC 430.52
Branch-Circuit Short-Circuit Protection (B) Must handle starting current (C) Rating or Setting
(1) Table 430.52 Exception 1: Next Higher size is permitted if the values from table 430.52 do not correspond to a standard size

Table 430.52 Maximum Rating
Non timedelay Fuse1
300%
Dual-Element (Time-Delay) Fuse
Instantaneous Trip Breaker
Inverse Time Breaker

250%
175%
800%
1Non-Time-Delay also applies to
Class CC fuses

NEC 430.52(C)(1) Exception 2:
If Motor Unable to Start, then size according to following:
Inverse Inverse Non timeDual-Element Time Time delay (Time-Delay) Fuse Breaker>10 Breaker<10 1 Fuse 0A 0A 400% 225% 300% 400%
6016000A Fuse 300%
Then Use Next Smaller Size .

NEC 430.32 (Overload Protection)
(a) More than 1 Horsepower. (1) A separate overload device that is responsive to motor current. This device shall be selected to trip or rated at no more than the following percent of the motor nameplate full-load current rating.
Motors with a marked service factor 1.15 or greater 125% Motors with a marked temperature rise 40 C or less 125% All other motors 115%
MOTOR CIRCUIT DEVICES

Fuse
What OCPD(s) can be used in a motor circuit?
Circuit Breaker MCP Overload relay
1000
100
Time in Seconds
10
Motor Inrush Curve
0.1
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
100
MCP at minimum setting
Time in Seconds
10
0.1
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
100
MCP at minimum setting
Time in Seconds
10
Motor Inrush Curve
0.1
0.01
1
10
100
1000
Current in Amperes
1000
100
MCP at maximum setting
Time in Seconds
10
0.1
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
100
MCP at maximum setting
Time in Seconds
10
Motor Inrush Curve
0.1
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
100
Time in Seconds
10
300 % Overload
0.1
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
100
Time in Seconds
10
Motor Damage Curve
0.1
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
100
Time in Seconds
10
Motor Damage Curve 300 % Overload
0.1
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
100
Time in Seconds
10
MCP at maximum setting Motor Damage Curve 300 % Overload
0.1
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
100
15A Circuit Breaker
Time in Seconds
10
0.1
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
100
15A Circuit Breaker
Time in Seconds
10
Motor Inrush Curve
0.1
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
100
15A Circuit Breaker Motor Damage Curve 300 % Overload
Time in Seconds
10
0.1
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
NON-2 Amp
100
Time in Seconds
10
0.1
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
NON-2 Amp
100
Time in Seconds
10
Motor Inrush Curve
0.1
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
NON-5 Amp
100
Time in Seconds
10
0.1
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
NON-5 Amp
100
Time in Seconds
10
Motor Inrush Curve
0.1
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
NON-5 Amp
100
Time in Seconds
10
0.1
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
100
Time in Seconds
10
0.1
Overload Relay
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
100
Time in Seconds
10
Motor Inrush Curve
0.1
Overload Relay
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
100
Time in Seconds
10
0.1
Overload Relay
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
100
Time in Seconds
10
MCP at maximum setting Motor Damage Curve 300 % Overload
0.1
Overload Relay
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
100
15A Circuit Breaker Motor Damage Curve 300 % Overload
Time in Seconds
10
0.1
Overload Relay
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
NON-5 Amp
100
Time in Seconds
10
0.1
Overload Relay
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
FRN-R-1-6/10
100
Time in Seconds
10
0.1
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
FRN-R-1-6/10
100
Time in Seconds
10
Motor Inrush Curve
0.1
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
FRN-R-1-6/10
100
Time in Seconds
10
0.1
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes

Optimal Branch Circuit Protection (Back-up Overload Protection): 125% or up of FLA - FRN/FRS
130% or up of FLA- LPN/LPS

150% or up of FLA- LPJ 200% or up of FLA- LP-CC
1000
FRN-R-1-8/10
100
Time in Seconds
10
0.1
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
FRN-R-1-8/10
100
Time in Seconds
10
Motor Damage Curve
0.1
Overload Relay
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
FRN-R-1-8/10
100
Time in Seconds
10
0.1
Overload Relay
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
Single-Phasing
Single phasing is the opening of one phase of a three phase circuit.
Primary Single Phasing

Primary wire broken by:
Storm - Wind - Ice - Sleet - Hail - Lightning Vehicle or Plane Striking Pole
Falling Tree Limbs

Construction Mishaps
Primary wire burned out from short-circuit created by animals(i.e. squirrel to ground)

Defective contacts on primary breaker - failure to make up on all 3 poles.
Failure of 3 shot automatic reclosers to make up on all 3 poles. Open pole on 3 auto. voltage tap changer Open winding in one phase of transformer
Primary fuse open

Normal Condition
1.4 A
1.4 A
M
1.4 A 208V 1/3 HP Motor F.L.A. = 1.4 Amperes
40 C

Single Phase Condition
Assume one phase lost on the primary side of transformer.
1.61 A
(115%)
3.22 A
(230%)
1.61 A 208V 1/3 HP Motor
(115%)
40 C
F.L.A. = 1.4 Amperes

Secondary Single Phasing

Damaged Motor Starter Contact - One Pole Open Burned open overload relay (heater) Damaged switch or circuit breaker on the main, feeder, or branch circuit. Open fuse or open pole in breaker on main, feeder, or branch circuit. Open cable or bus on secondary of transformer terminals

Open cable caused by overheated lug on secondary side-connection to service head. Open connection in wiring such as in motor junction box (caused by vibration) or any pull box Open winding in motor Open winding in one phase of transformer winding

Normal Condition
1.4 A
1.4 A
M
1.4 A 208V 1/3 HP Motor F.L.A. = 1.4 Amperes
40 C

Single Phase Condition
Contacts on one phase are worn out resulting in an open circuit
0A
2.4 A
(173%)
2.4 A 208V 1/3 HP Motor
(173%)
40 C
F.L.A. = 1.4 Amperes

1000
FRN-R-1-6/10
100
Time in Seconds
10
Motor Damage Curve Secondary Single Phasing
0.1
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
1000
FRN-R-1-8/10
100
10
0.1
Motor Damage Curve Secondary Single Phasing Overload Relay
Time in Seconds
0.01 1 10 100 1000
Current in Amperes
What about short circuit protection for a motor circuit?
Current Source
Short Circuit Condition
If we size the overcurrent protective device according to NEC 430.52 will we protect the motor circuit components from a short circuit?
TYPE 1 PROTECTION vs. TYPE 2 PROTECTION
TYPE 1 vs. TYPE 2 PROTECTION

What is Type 1 and Type 2 Protection?
IEC 947-4-1 Standard
Type 1 Protection(Damage) UL 508 Listing Type 2 Protection(No Damage) Type 2 Tables from Manufacturer

Type 1 Protection:
Requires that, under short-circuit conditions, the contactor or starter shall cause no danger to persons or installation and may not be suitable for further service without repair and replacement of parts.
Similar to UL 508 requirements

Type 2 Protection:
Requires that, under short-circuit conditions, the contactor or starter shall cause no danger to persons or installation and shall be suitable for further use. The risk of contact welding is recognized, in which case the manufacturer shall indicate the measure to be taken as regards the maintenance of the equipment.
Type 2 Protection Tables
Does NEC require Type 2 protection?

NEC section 110.10:
The overcurrent protective device, the total impedance, the component short-circuit current rating, and other characteristics of the circuit to be protected shall be selected and coordinated to permit the circuit-protective devices used to clear a fault to do so without extensive damage to the electrical components of the circuitListed products applied in accordance with their listing shall be considered to meet the requirements of this section.
TYPE 2 PROTECTION
Why Is Total Protection Important?

Maximum Safety To Personnel And Equipment Minimum Cost To Stay In Service Maximum Productivity From The Equipment

Overload Protection
Overload Relay Fuses for Backup
Short Circuit Protection

Fuse, Circuit Breaker, MCP Type 2 Protection(No Damage)

Pres15 - Motmor Protection 2-02

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Pres15 - Motmor Protection 2-02

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Suggestion on How to Use

2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

Motor and Motor Circuit Protection

Motor and Motor Circuit Protection

Motor Circuit Requirements

2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

Motor and Motor Circuit Protection

What do we protect against?

2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

Normal Operating Current Motor Inrush Curve Inrush Current

0.01 1 10 100 1000

0.01 1 10 100 1000

0.01 1 10 100 1000

Motor Circuit ) Requirements(NEC

2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

Motor and Motor Circuit Protection

2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

1999 NEC Code

Barrier, wall or isle with an obstruction

2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

2002 NEC Code Change

2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

Motor and Motor Circuit Protection

2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

Motor and Motor Circuit Protection

Dual-Element (Time-Delay) Fuse

Instantaneous Trip Breaker

Inverse Time Breaker

1Non-Time-Delay also applies to

2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

Motor and Motor Circuit Protection

6016000A Fuse 300%

Then Use Next Smaller Size .

2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

Motor and Motor Circuit Protection

2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

MOTOR CIRCUIT DEVICES

Motor and Motor Circuit Protection

What OCPD(s) can be used in a motor circuit?

Circuit Breaker MCP Overload relay

2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

Motor Inrush Curve

0.01 1 10 100 1000

MCP at minimum setting

0.01 1 10 100 1000

MCP at minimum setting

Motor Inrush Curve

MCP at maximum setting

0.01 1 10 100 1000

MCP at maximum setting

Motor Inrush Curve

0.01 1 10 100 1000

0.01 1 10 100 1000

Motor Damage Curve

0.01 1 10 100 1000

Motor Damage Curve 300 % Overload

0.01 1 10 100 1000

MCP at maximum setting Motor Damage Curve 300 % Overload

0.01 1 10 100 1000

15A Circuit Breaker

0.01 1 10 100 1000

15A Circuit Breaker

Motor Inrush Curve

0.01 1 10 100 1000