Types of Proteins Amino Acids The Peptide Bond

Type Structural Contractile Transport Storage Hormonal Enzyme Protection

Examples tendons, cartilage, hair, nails muscles hemoglobin milk insulin, growth hormone catalyzes reactions in cells immune response
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Building blocks of proteins Carboxylic acid group Amino group Side group R gives unique characteristics

R side chain I H2HC COOH I H

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H I
H2NC COOH I H glycine CH3 I H2NC COOH I H alanine
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Nonpolar R = H, CH3, alkyl groups, aromatic O Polar ll R = CH2OH, CH2SH, CH2CNH2, (polar groups with O-, -SH, -N-) Polar/Acidic R = CH2COOH, or -COOH Polar/ Basic R = CH2CH2NH2
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Identify each as (1) polar or (2) nonpolar

A. NH2CH2COOH CH3 | CHOH | B. NH2CHCOOH (Serine)
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(Glycine)

Identify each as (1) polar or (2) nonpolar

A.(2) NH2CH2COOH CH3 | CHOH | B. (1) NH2CHCOOH (Serine)
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(Glycine)

10 amino acids not synthesized by the body arg, his, ile, leu, lys, met, phe, thr, trp, val Must obtain from the diet All in diary products 1 or more missing in grains and vegetables

Ionization of the NH2 and the COOH group Zwitterion has both a + and charge Zwitterion is neutral overall +

NH2CH2COOH glycine

H3NCH2COO Zwitterion of glycine

H+ + Positive ion Low pH

+

OH
H2NCH2COO

H3NCH2COOH H3NCH2COO

zwitterion Negative ion neutral pH High pH

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CH3
+
H3NCHCOOH (1) A. Alanine in base. B. Alanine in acid.

CH3
H2NCH2COO (2)

Select from the above structures

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CH3
+
H3NCHCOOH (1)
A. B.

CH3
H2NCH2COO (2)

Select from the above structures (2) Alanine in base. (1) Alanine in acid.

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Amide bond formed by the COOH of an amino acid and the NH2 of the next amino acid
+ O || CH3 + |

NH3CH2COH O + ||

CH3

H3NCHCOO
|

NH3CH2C NCHCOO
| H peptide bond

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Amino acids linked by amide (peptide) bonds Gly Lys Phe Arg Ser
-COOH end

H2Nend

Peptide bonds

Glycyllysylphenylalanylarginylserine
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What are the possible tripeptides formed from one each of leucine, glycine, and alanine?

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Tripeptides possible from one each of leucine, glycine, and alanine Leu-Gly-Ala Leu-Ala-Gly Ala-Leu-Gly Ala-Gly-Leu Gly-Ala-Leu Gly-Leu-Ala
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Write the three-letter abbreviations for the following tetrapeptide:

CH3 CH3 CH CH3 CH3 O H CH O H SH CH2 O H
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S CH2 CH2 O
-

H3N CH C N CH C N CH C N CH C O

CH3 CH3 CH CH3 CH3 O H CH O H SH CH2 O H S CH2 CH2 O

H3N CH C N CH C N CH C N CH C O

Ala-Leu-Cys-Met

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