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Examples tendons, cartilage, hair, nails muscles hemoglobin milk insulin, growth hormone catalyzes reactions in cells immune response
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Building blocks of proteins Carboxylic acid group Amino group Side group R gives unique characteristics
H I
H2NC COOH I H glycine CH3 I H2NC COOH I H alanine
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Nonpolar R = H, CH3, alkyl groups, aromatic O Polar ll R = CH2OH, CH2SH, CH2CNH2, (polar groups with O-, -SH, -N-) Polar/Acidic R = CH2COOH, or -COOH Polar/ Basic R = CH2CH2NH2
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(Glycine)
(Glycine)
10 amino acids not synthesized by the body arg, his, ile, leu, lys, met, phe, thr, trp, val Must obtain from the diet All in diary products 1 or more missing in grains and vegetables
Ionization of the NH2 and the COOH group Zwitterion has both a + and charge Zwitterion is neutral overall +
NH2CH2COOH glycine
OH
H2NCH2COO
H3NCH2COOH H3NCH2COO
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CH3
+
H3NCHCOOH (1) A. Alanine in base. B. Alanine in acid.
CH3
H2NCH2COO (2)
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CH3
+
H3NCHCOOH (1)
A. B.
CH3
H2NCH2COO (2)
Select from the above structures (2) Alanine in base. (1) Alanine in acid.
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Amide bond formed by the COOH of an amino acid and the NH2 of the next amino acid
+ O || CH3 + |
NH3CH2COH O + ||
CH3
H3NCHCOO
|
NH3CH2C NCHCOO
| H peptide bond
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Amino acids linked by amide (peptide) bonds Gly Lys Phe Arg Ser
-COOH end
H2Nend
Peptide bonds
Glycyllysylphenylalanylarginylserine
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What are the possible tripeptides formed from one each of leucine, glycine, and alanine?
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Tripeptides possible from one each of leucine, glycine, and alanine Leu-Gly-Ala Leu-Ala-Gly Ala-Leu-Gly Ala-Gly-Leu Gly-Ala-Leu Gly-Leu-Ala
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S CH2 CH2 O
-
H3N CH C N CH C N CH C N CH C O
H3N CH C N CH C N CH C N CH C O
Ala-Leu-Cys-Met
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