Utility Based Scheduling in Cognitive Radio Networks

Term Project CmpE-300 Analysis of Algorithms

Spring 2009 Computer Engineering, Boazii University, Istanbul
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Outline
Wireless networks
FDMA, TDMA, CDMA

Dynamic Spectrum Access

Cognitive Radio Networks Problem Formulation
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Cellular Networks

Cellular Networks

Cellular Networks
MSC: Mobile Switching Center

How do different mobile stations communicate simultaneously with the BS?

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Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)

Each mobile device tunes to a frequency band

Analogous to people talking in different rooms

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Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)

Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)

Each mobile device transmits data in a different time slot Analogous to people talking one by one GSM: Combination of FDMA and TDMA
25 MHz bandwidth divided into 124 carrier frequencies of 200 KHz bandwidth Each carrier frequency divided into 8 time slots using TDMA

3G licenses:
Type-A: 40 MHz, Turkcell Type-B: 35 MHz, Vodafone Type-C: 30 MHz, Avea
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Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

Analogous to people talking in different languages

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Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA)

PROBLEM : Underutilized spectrum resources due to fixed assignment strategy IDEA : Utilizing white spaces in the spectrum without disturbing licensed users [1] CHALLENGE : Sensing the environment, detecting white spaces white spaces frequently change by time and space Changing radio parameters on the fly
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Frequency Allocation Charts

In Turkey: http://www.tk.gov.tr/Duzenlemeler/teknik/marfl/_marfl1.asp

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White Space Concept

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Cognitive Radio (CR) Concept

Initially proposed by Mitola [2] Next step evolution of Software Defined Radio (SDR) Cognitive Radio (CR): Intelligent devices that can [2]: Sense and autonomously reason about their environment Adapt their communication parameters accordingly Realize DSA concept
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Terminology
Primary User (PU): Licensed user Has exclusive rights for the spectrum Secondary User (SU): Unlicensed user Opportunistically utilizes the white spaces Has to vacate the spectrum band as soon as a PU appears Also called cognitive user

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IEEE 802.22 Network Architecture

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Research Problem
totalNetworkUtility: Total number of SUs that are satisfied in terms of throughput

Maximize (totalNetworkUtility) subject to No interference is imposed on the PUs Reliable communication with the CBS is achieved No collisions occur among the SUs

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Research Problem Terminology

N: Total number of SUs F: Total number of frequencies T: Total number of time slots Uif= Maximum number of packets that can be transmitted by user i to the CBS using frequency f (in a time slot)

1; if user "i" transmits with frequency " f " in timeslot " t Xift " 0 ; otherwise
ti = Throughput (data rate) of SU i g(ti)=The level of satisfaction of SU i from throughput ti timin= Minimum throughput required by SU i
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Problem Formulation
totalNetworkUtility

Each SU is assigned at least 1 time slot At most 1 user is assigned a certain time slot and frequency pair

Throughput of SU i

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Problem Formulation

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Problem Formulation

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References
[1] Akyildiz, I., W. Lee, M. Vuran, and S. Mohanty, NeXt generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks: A survey, Computer Networks, Vol. 50, No. 13, pp. 2127-2159, 2006. [2] Mitola, J., Cognitive Radio: An Integrated Agent Architecture for Software Defined Radio, Doctor of Technology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden, 2000.

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Questions?

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