Components of a Host

Module 2.1

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Components of a Host
Upon completion of this module, you will be able to: List the hardware and software components of a host

Describe key protocols and concepts used by each component

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Components of a Host - 2

Examples of Hosts

Server Laptop

Group of Servers Mainframe

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Physical Components of a Host

CPU

Bus

Storage

I/O Devices

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Components of a Host - 4

CPU

Bus
ALU L1 Cache Bus

CPU

Registers

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Components of a Host - 5

Storage

Memory

Data n

Data 3 Data 2
Data 1 Data 0
Content

2
1 0
Address

Disk

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Components of a Host - 6

Storage Hierarchy Speed and Cost

Fast
CPU registers

L2 cache

L1 cache

Speed

Magnetic disk

RAM

Tape

Optical disk

Slow
Low High

Cost
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I/O Devices
Human interface
Keyboard Mouse Monitor

Computer-computer interface
Network Interface Card (NIC)

Computer-peripheral interface
USB (Universal Serial Bus) port Host Bus Adapter (HBA)

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Components of a Host - 8

HBAs
Host
Apps
Operating System DBMS

Mgmt Utilities File System

Volume Management
Multi-pathing Software

Device Drivers
HBA

HBA

HBA

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Components of a Host - 9

Logical Components of a Host

Host
Apps
Operating System DBMS

Mgmt Utilities File System

Volume Management
Multi-pathing Software

Device Drivers
HBA

HBA

HBA

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Components of a Host - 10

File Systems
Host
Apps
Operating System DBMS

Mgmt Utilities File System

Volume Management
Multi-pathing Software

Device Drivers
HBA

HBA

HBA

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Components of a Host - 11

File System: Metadata Examples

UNIX (UFS) File type and permissions Number of links Owner and group IDs Number of bytes in the file Last file access Last file modification Windows (NTFS) Time stamp and link count File name Access rights File data Index information Volume information

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Components of a Host - 12

File Systems: Journaling and Logging

Improves data integrity and system restart time over nonjournaling file systems Uses a separate area called a log or journal
May hold all data to be written May hold only metadata

Disadvantage - slower than other file systems

Each file system update requires at least 1 extra write to the log

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Components of a Host - 13

Volume Management
Host
Apps
Operating System DBMS

Mgmt Utilities File System

Volume Management
Multi-pathing Software

Device Drivers
HBA

HBA

HBA

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Components of a Host - 14

How Files are Moved to and from Storage

Teacher Course File(s) File System Files File System Blocks

Configures / Manages

Reside in

Mapped by file system to

Disk Sectors

Disk Physical Extents

LVM Logical Extents

Managed by Disk Storage Subsystem

Consisting of

Mapped by LVM to

Residing in

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Components of a Host - 15

Module Summary
Key points covered in this module: Hosts typically have:
Hardware: CPU, memory, buses, disks, ports, and interfaces Software: applications, operating systems, file systems, device drivers, volume managers

Journaling enables:
very fast file system checks in the event of system crash provides better integrity for file system structure

HBAs are used to connect hosts to storage devices

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Components of a Host - 16

 Check Your Knowledge

What are some examples of hosts? Describe the hardware components found in most hosts.

What is the function of the operating system?

What is the function of the file system? What is volume management?

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Components of a Host - 17