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2.4.6
The autonomic NS
Autonomic translates as 'self-governing' because the system operates to a large extent independantly of conscious control. It is responsible for controlling the majority of homeostatic mechanisms and so plays a vital role in regulating the internal environment of the body within set parameters. It is also capable of controlling the heightened responses associated with the stress response. Organisation Most autonomic neurones are non-myelinated whilst most somatic neurones are myelinated. Autonomic connections to effectors always consist of at least two neurones whereas somatic consist of only one. The two neurones connect at a swellin known as a ganglion. Autonomic motor neurones occur in two types: sympathetic and parasympathetic
Questions
Explain why the control of pupil diameter in the eye is described as an autonomic reflex? A reflex action involves sensory and motor neurones passing through the CNS. These actions involve a stimulus and an appropriate and immediate response to that stimulus. Pupil diameter is controlled by autonomic neurones. Where too much light enters the eye, a reflex action involving these neurones leads to constriction of the pupil by contraction of the circular muscles of the iris.