BODY COMPOSITION

Tricep, Bicep, Subscapula, Suprailiac

Ardhana Kusuma Reswari 125070305111004 Health & Nutrition A1

Skinfold Method
The skinfold method of measuring body fat is a practical, economical, and administratively feasible field technique for body composition analysis. It involves measuring the skinfold (subcutaneous fat) thickness at specific sites of the body.

 The accuracy of the skinfold method is dependent on the technician's skill as well as the type of caliper and the skinfold prediction equation used. When choosing a skinfold caliper for a health/fitness setting, the cost, durability, and degree of precision of the caliper are important considerations.

Skinfold Callipers

Testing Procedures
1. Take all skinfold measurements on the right side of the body. 2. Carefully identify and mark the skinfold sites. 3. Place the thumb and index finger approximately 3 inches (8 cm) perpendicular to the skinfold, following the natural cleavage lines of the skin.

4. Grasp the skinfold firmly with the thumb and index finger just slightly less than 1/2 inch (1 cm) above the marked site to be measured. 5. Do not release the skinfold during the measurement 6. Place the jaws of the caliper approximately 1/2 inch (1 cm) below the thumb and index finger. Always release the caliper jaw pressure slowly 7. The skinfold measurement should be taken 4 seconds after the pressure is released. Measure the skinfold to the nearest 1/2 to 1 mm.

1. Tricep Skinfold
The triceps skinfold site is one of the common locations used for the assessment of body fat using skinfold calipers.

Landmark : At the level of the mid-point between the acromial (lateral edge of the acromial process, e.g. bony tip of shoulder) and the radiale (proximal and lateral border of the radius bone, approximately the elbow joint), on the mid-line of the posterior (back) surface of the arm (over the triceps muscle)

Pinch: - The arm should be relaxed with the palm of the hand facing forwards (supinated). - A vertical pinch, parallel to the long axis of the arm, is made at the landmark.

2. Bicep Skinfold
Landmark : At the level of the mid-point between the acromiale (lateral edge of the acromial process, e.g. bony tip of shoulder) and the radiale (proximal and lateral border of the radius bone, approximately the elbow joint), on the mid-line of the anterior (front) surface of the arm (over the biceps muscle).

Pinch :

-The arm should be relaxed with the palm of the hand facing forwards. -A vertical pinch, parallel to the long axis of the arm, is made at the landmark.

3. Subscapula Skinfold
Landmark
The lower angle of the scapula (bottom point of shoulder blade) If there is difficulty finding this landmark, get the subject to reach behind their back with their right arm, while feeling for the movement of the scapula

Pinch : The pinch is made following the natural fold of the skin, approximately on a line running laterally (away from the body) and downwards (at about 45 degrees).

4. Suprailiac Skinfold
Landmark : The intersection of a line joining the spinale (front part of iliac crest) and the anterior (front) part of the axilla (armpit), and a horizontal line at the level of the iliac crest.

Pinch : The pinch is directed medially (towards the centerline) and downward, following the natural fold of the skin (at an approximate angle of 45 degrees).

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is based on the fact that the body contains intracellular and extracellular fluids capable of electrical conduction. A non-detectable, safe, low-level current flows through these intracellular and extracellular fluids. Since your fat-free body weight contains much of your body's water and electrolytes, it is a better conductor of the electrical current than the fat, which contains very little water. So this technique is essentially an index of total body water, from which fat-free mass is estimated

 The popularity of the BIA method has grown significantly over the last few years because it is painless, quick, and easy to administer the test. To take the test, you lie on a testing table or floor and electrodes are attached to your hands and feet. You do not feel a thing as the current passes through your body. Average time for administering this test is about 10 minutes.

BIA Testing Guidelines

1. No eating or drinking within 4 hours of the test 2. No exercise within 12 hours of the test

3. Urinate within 30 minutes of the test

4. No alcohol consumption within 48 hours of the test 5. No diuretics within 7 days of the test