Structural Analysis II

Dr. Ali
Tayeh



First
Semester
2007-2008

Lecture 3
Deflection
Energy Method

Energy Method
A =
=
}
P U
dx F U
e
x
e
2
1
0

When a force F undergoes a displacement dx
in the same direction as the force, the work
done is

If the total displacement is x the work become
dx F dU
e
=
External Work
The force applied gradually
The work of a moment is defined by the
product of the magnitude of the moment M
and the angle then



If the total angle of rotation is the work
become:

u d M dU
e
=
u d
u
u
u
u
M U
d M U
e
e
2
1
0

=
=
}
The moment applied gradually
Energy Method
Strain Energy Axial Force
L
A
N
E
A
=
=
=
c
o
c o
AE
NL
= A
AE
L N
U
P U
N P
i
2
2
2
1
=
A =
=
N = internal normal force in a truss member caused
by the real load
L = length of member
A = cross-sectional area of a member
E = modulus of elasticity of a member
Energy Method
Strain Energy Bending
u
u
M U
dx
EI
M
d
2
1
=
=
}
=
=
L
i
i
EI
dx M
U
EI
dx M
dU
0
2
2
2
2
Principle of Virtual Work

= A o u P
Work of
External
Loads
Work of
Internal
Loads

= A dL u. . 1
Virtual Load
Real displacement
Method of Virtual Work: Trusses

= A
AE
NL
n. . 1

= A dL u. . 1
1 = external virtual unit load acting on the truss joint in the stated direction of
n = internal virtual normal force in a truss member caused by the external
virtual unit load
= external joint displacement caused by the real load on the truss
N = internal normal force in a truss member caused by the real load
L = length of member
A = cross-sectional area of a member
E = modulus of elasticity of a member


A
A
Example 1
The cross sectional area of each member of the truss show, is A = 400mm2
& E = 200GPa.
a) Determine the vertical displacement of joint C if a 4-kN force is applied
to the truss at C
A virtual force of 1 kN is applied at C in the vertical direction

= A
AE
NL
n. . 1
Solution
Member n (KN) N (KN) L (m) nNL
AB 0.667 2 8 10.67
AC -0.833 2.5 5 -10.41
CB -0.833 -2.5 5 10.41
Sum 10.67
mm m
AE AE
nNL
m kN m
kN
133 . 0 000133 . 0
10 200 10 400
) 67 . 10
67 . 10
. 1
) / (
6
) (
6
(
2 2
= = A

= = = A

Group work 1
Text book Example 8-14
Determine vertical displacement at C
A = 0.5 in
2
E = 29 (10)
3
ksi
Method of Virtual Work: Beam
dx
EI
M
d = u

= A dL u. . 1
dx
EI
M
m
L
}
= A
0
. 1
1 = external virtual unit load acting on the truss joint in the stated direction of
m = internal virtual moment in a truss member caused by the external virtual
unit load
= external joint displacement caused by the real load on the truss
M = internal moment in a beam caused by the real load
L = length of member
I = moment of inertia of cross-sectional
E = modulus of elasticity of a member


A
A
Method of Virtual Work: Beam
dx
EI
M m
L
m KN
}
=
0
) . (
. 1
u
u
Similarly the rotation angle at any point on the beam can be
determine, a unit couple moment is applied at the point and the
corresponding internal moment have to be determine
u
m
Example 2
Determine the displacement at point B of a steel beam
E = 200 Gpa , I = 500(10
6
) mm
4
Solution
m
EI
EI
x
EI
dx x
EI
dx x x
dx
EI
M
m
L
15 . 0
) 10 )( 10 ( 500 ) 10 ( 200
) 10 ( 15 ) 10 ( 15
4
6 6 ) 6 ( ) 1 (
. 1
12 6 6
3 3
10
0
4
10
0
3
10
0
2
0
=

= = A
(

= =

= = A

} } }
m
B
B
15 . 0
5 . 7
) 10 )( 10 ( 500 ) 10 ( 200
2000
12 6 6
= A

= A

Another Solution
Real Load
Virtual Load
Example 3
Determine the Slope and displacement at point B of a steel
beam
E = 200 Gpa , I = 60(10
6
) mm
4
u
Solution
Virtual Load
rad 0094 . 0
) 10 ( 60 ) 10 ( 200 2
) 5 ( 3 ) 10 ( 3
2
3 3 ) 3 ( ) 1 ( ) 3 ( ) 0 (
. 1
6 6
2 2
10
5
2
10
5
10
5
5
0 0
=


=
(

= =

+

= =

} } } }
B
L
EI
x
EI
dx x
EI
dx x
EI
dx x
dx
EI
M
m
u
u
u
Real Load
rad
EI EI
B
0094 . 0
112
1
112
6 9
10 60 ) 10 ( 200
112
= =
=

u
Another Solution
Real Load
Virtual Load
Determine both the horizontal deflection at A
Example 4
Solution
Real Load
Virtual Load
m
EI EI EI
A
031 . 0
1250
5 . 2
500
0
100
6 9
10 200 ) 10 ( 200
1250
= =

= A

Group Work 2
Determine both the Vertical deflection at C