Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Poverty Measures
$1 a day $2 a day Percentage below poverty line
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The higher the bar, the greater the proportion of people in poverty
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If poverty is hunger, how well do nations provide food for their people?
Images
Heres what we might see: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Nf1jCtnxM
Or this: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LFgb1B dPBZo
Technical Models
Source: World Bank, UNDP, IMF, NGOs Human Development Index (UN): development indicators include income poverty, life expectancy, literacy & schooling Millennium Development Goals (UN) http://www.endpoverty2015.org/ http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/ poverty.shtml
Historical Model
What has been our thinking about other countries? Mercantilism: State interest and colonization Liberalism: Stationary economies Advent of development economics in 1940s/50s
Historical Model
W.W Rostow: Stages of Growth, R. Nurkse: Balanced Growth, etc. Suggests that there are underdeveloped/traditional and developed societies in a spectrum Traditional societies included slave systems of early Greece and Rome; peasant societies in India, Egypt, China Confluence of development and time
Historical Model
Dependency and World Systems theorists (60s/70s): Development and colonization causes underdevelopment Modern models of growth create system of dependence and debt that worsen poverty
Historical Model
1980s/90s: Neo-liberal policies - increase growth through market policies to trickle down Kuznets curve? (growth inequality) State provision of goods and services Juxtaposition of images of rich and poor Sense of entitlement but actual conditions worsened in some places
CONTEMPORARY ISSUES
Economic crises such as rising prices, reduced credit, global recession Climate change and environmental degradation
NGOS
Micro-credit Advocacy Projects
Cultural Model
Pre-modern Cultural contingency Cultural differences; civilizational differences; Policies based on understanding of a unified nature - how much do anthropologists inform understanding of poverty?
Cultural Model
Other regions in the world multiplicities of indigenous peoples How have cultures contended with colonization and modernity
Marshall Sahlins
"Hunters and gatherers have by force of circumstances an objectively low standard of living. but taken as their objective, and given their adequate means of production, all the people's material wants usually can easily be satisfied (a common understanding of 'affluence'). ... The world's most primitive people have few possessions, but they are not poor. Poverty is not a certain small amount of goods, nor is it just a relation between means and ends; above all it is a relation between people. Poverty is a social status. As such it is an invention of (modern) civilization."
Cultural Model
NATURE HITS BACK? We see the environment as what we use but our daily habits, interactions, architecture changes the environment. Environmental degradation goes hand in hand with the homogenization and unification of cultures and the desire to consume in a single manner.
TEACHING TIPS
1. Keep the connection between micro and macro: case studies should be used for generalizations 2. Focus on a single region or country or have the student do so 3. Have the student tie this in with his/her language class, literature, science 4. Learning more about a place will generate love and ownership 5. Have the student do a creative project; a video, narrative, poem, song encourage action
TEACHING TIPS
1. Suggest that the student should make a pen friend in the country 2. Encourage Study Abroad to destinations other than Western Europe 3. Teach about heroes that fought poverty 4. Explain global resource scarcity and the impossibility of a global American lifestyle 5. Encourage involvement with a NGO or charity organization; encourage the act of giving to make a difference