Example 6

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 1

FloSystem User Course Example 6 Gas lift Modelling and Design

Summary of Work-Flow for Gas Lift Design

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 2 Check if well is naturally flowing Design with Deepest Point to get basic parameters of design Sensitivity to changing reservoir performance for bracketing envelope Select design parameters, valve type and set design margins Do Spacing calculations Do Sizing options - edit required changes Check un-loading at different conditions - use Re-Calc. Modify design if required Predict performance with real valves installed

Data Preparation: Reservoir Control

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 3 File Example6.wfl Black Oil, Test Point PI Entry, Vertical Well

Reservoir Control: Oil Fluid parameters

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 4 35 API, 0.65 Gas Gravity, 300 scf/bbl GOR 50% w.c, 70,000 ppm salinity

Match any known data - in this case untuned PVT correlations will be used.

Reservoir Control: Inflow Performance

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 5 Test Data : BHFP 1800 psia: 7200 stb/day Pres 3600 psia, Tres 190 oF

Inflow Performance: IPR Model

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 6 Straight Line, Vogel, Norm Pseudo Pressure

Plot Inflow Curve

Inflow Performance: IPR Plot

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 7

Comparative Plot for Report Purposes, showing changing performance below Pb Choose Norm. Pseudo Pressure

Data Preparation: Well Deviation

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 8 Enter Deviation Data (survey)

Last Entry to be Mid-Perf depth

Data Preparation: Equipment Data

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 9 Install Completion as shown

Analysis: Natural Flow Performance

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 10
Operating Point Calculation

Natural Flow Performance: Inflow/Outflow Plot

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 11

No flow without artificial lift

G/L Design: Base Case Design Parameters

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 12 Gaslift Supply Volume Gas Supply Pressure Valve Differential Pressure Max. depth of Gas Injection

Note: max. depth set to bottom of 4.5 tubing

Gas Lift Base Case - Using Deepest Point of Injection

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 13

Note: Depth of Injection is output

Gas Lift Design Parameter Sensitivity Analysis

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 14 Sensivity to Qgi - 1,2,3 and 4 MMscf/day Sensitivity to CHP - 1000,1200,1400 psia

Results of Design Parameter Sensitivity Analysis

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 15

Note: Payback Ratio

Full Results of Design Parameter Sens. Analysis

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 16

Note: Qgi more crucial than CHP, but both increase depth of injection

Depth of injection vs Qgi 14000 13000 12000 11000 10000 9000 8000 7000 0 1 2 3

1000 1200 1400 4

Reservoir Decline Sensitivity Analysis

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 17 Target Gas Lift CHP 1200 psia, Qgi 2.5 MMscf/day Reservoir Depleted 800 psi Increasing Watercut: 50% to 75% 90%
Set Qgi to 2.5 MMscf/day and CHP to 1200 psia. Run a sensistivity analysis with layer pressures of 3600 and 2800 psia for sensitivity 1 and water-cuts of 50,75 and 90% for sensitivity 2.

still using deepest point of injection

Reservoir Decline Sensitivity Analysis

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 18 Results Inj. Depth increases from 11052 to 13295 as Player drops for 50% water-cut Inj. Depth decreases by up to 391 ft as Fw increases (for less Qgi, effect is more)
depth at 50% vs 90% for Pl=2800

If less gas in future then the injection point will move upwards more severely -try reducing the lift gas rate to 1 MMscf/day Note bracketing envelope 11000-13000 ft.

G/L Design: Casing Controlled Valves Spacing

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 19 Go to Analysis - Gas Lift Design Design rate 4600 b/d from Deepest Point runs Deepest Injection 13000 ft. - enter margins

Design Margins
Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 20

Select Design - Gas lift valve locations now calculated.

Example Valve Spacing

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 21

Unloading Casing Pressure (include closing pressure margin) Objective Tubing Pressure (does not include transfer pressure margins)

Terminology

- Output (at op. valve) - Design (to unload)

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 22

Valve where Pc-Pt>Pdiff including transfer margins Valve where Pc-Pt>Pdiff excluding transfer margins, ie operating condiditons

Dummy mandrels (Inactive valves) down to max. depth

Accept Design
Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 23 To accept design OK from Gas Lift Valve Positioning - go to Data Preparation - Gas lift Data - gas lift valves now in place.

CHP Updated From Design

Casing- and TubingControlled: orifice sizing

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 24

Can edit gas rate (red) Can edit Valve Manufacturer and Model. (yellow) Calculates orifice size: can over-write (green) NOTE: USES THORNHILL-CRAVER ONLY

Casing- and TubingControlled: orifice sizing

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 25

Can edit pressures (eg, to include margins) and temperature from plot (red) Calculates if orifice in critical flow

Casing-Controlled: Dome Pressure Setting

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 26

Input valve model required (catalogue). WellFlo will size it so that R is approximately 0.2 Calculates Surface Open Pressure, downhole Closing Pressure = PDome, Surface Closing Pressure, and Test Rack & setting pressure Check that upper valves will close at operating pressure for design valve operation Design valve defaults to orifice with Pop = Ptube + Pdiff

Casing-Controlled: Dome Pressure Setting - cont.

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 27
Note: If spring valve type, no temperature correction is made to the dome and test rack pressures

Alternative method : specify P surface close and calculate the operating pressures (ensures that a pressure drop will be seen as each valve closes)

G/l Design: Final Design Pressure/Depth

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 28
Increments to ensure fluid controlled valves will close

Example FluidControlled Design

Fluid-controlled design setting increments

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 29
Obj. tubing pressure
Margin at valve 1 Transfer pres margin

Increment per valve

Fluid-controlled Valves Orifice Sizing

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 30 For Orifice Sizing need to over write closing pressure (Pt close) by adding P closing transfer margin
Pt close= objective tubing pressure+closing pressure margin+transfer closing pressure margin

The calculation will under-size the orifice needed on throttling valves: consult Gas Lift Company supplying valves
Qgas Qgi Tho.-Crav. Qgi actual P tubing

P close
P transfer P casing

Fluid-controlled Valves Orifice Sizing

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 31
The casing pressure (Pcasing) is calculated by adding the valve differential pressure:
Pt close + valve differential pressure

This will give the designer input for the spreadsheet Pt close and P casing
See previous terminology

Any Design: Check Unloading at Other Conditions

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 32 Verify un-loading at other conditions, especially lower Qgi (if full gas not able to be injected), higher water cut etc. In these pessimistic cases, can eliminate Design Margins. Use Re-Calculate

Example with Qgi reduced to 1.5 and Ql reduced to 3000 bpd Well not unloaded to original design valve

Any Design: Check if Reservoir Fluid is Entering Tubing

Use any spreadsheet - input Ptransfer, TVD and TVD res., and kill fluid gradient. Check if Pkill fluid < Pres at datum. unloading ability check

See slide for Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6previous 33

At this valve, reservoir fluid will not enter tubing

Here, reservoir fluid will enter tubing

Projected Kill Fluid Gradients

Gaslift Design Performance under Operating Conditions

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 34 Decide on casing head pressure for operation Do Not use Forced Gas Entry: WellFlo will calculate which valve will operate Make Valves active/inactive in order to model change of dummy mandrels for real valves in future. Sensisitivity analysis for further completion design or for forecasting Performance Curves vs. Qgi for use in optimisation (eg FieldFlo)

Gaslift Design Performance Operating Point

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 35

Effect of CHP on production - actual valves: more CHP => deeper valve => more production

Gaslift Design Performance Pressure Profiles

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 36

Operating valve = solid line Effect of CHP on productionactual valves: more CHP => deeper valve => more product.

Summary of Work-Flow for Gas Lift Design

Gas lift Modelling and Design Ex 6 37 Check if well is naturally flowing Design with Deepest Point to get basic parameters of design Sensitivity to changing reservoir performance for bracketing envelope Select design parameters, valve type and set design margins Do Spacing calculations Do Sizing options - edit required changes Check un-loading at different conditions - use Re-Calc. Modify design if required Predict performance with real valves installed