NUCLEIC ACID

Camille Claire A. Bernabe BSN 1

WIKIPEDIA
Nucleic

acids are large biological molecules essential for all known forms of life. They include DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). Together with proteins, nucleic acids are the most important biological macromolecules; each is found in abundance in all living things, where they function in encoding, transmitting and expressing genetic information.

FUNCTIONS;
1. 2.

Storage and transmission of genetic information Translate this information into a precise synthesis of proteins characteristics of the individual cell

STRUCTURE
2

different kinds of nucleic acid 1. DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid

-Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule encoding the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and many viruses.

2. RNA- ribonucleic acid -Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a ubiquitous family of large biological molecules that perform multiple vital roles in the coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes. In RNA the sugar is D- ribofuranose; While the DNA is 2-deoxy- ribofuranose The structure of these sugars are shown below

BASE COMPONENT
The base component of a nucleoside is either a purine or a pyrimidine base Purine bases 1. Adenine 2. Guanine Pyrimidine bases 1. Cytosine 2. Uracil 3. Thymine

Bases Adenine

Ribonucleosides Adenosine

Deoxyribonucleoside 2- deoxyadenosine

Guanine
Uracil Cytosine Thymine

Guanosine
Uridine Cytidine Thymine ribonucleoside

2- deoxyguanosine
2- deoxyuridine 2- deoxycytidine 2- deoxythymidine

Structure of RNA
Three

1.
2.

3.

general types of RNAs Transfer RNA- plays the key role of photosynthesis. Ribosomal RNA- has a helical structure due to the folding back of singlestranded polymer. Messenger RNA- single stranded with potions.

Tertiary structure of DNA

1. 2. 3.

4.

Double-stranded linear DNA- number of viruses and eukaryotic chromosomal DNA Double-stranded cyclic DNA- mitochondria, cytoplasm and viral Covalently closed cyclic DNA- some viruses Single- stranded linear DNA- from the denaturation of Double-stranded linear DNA-

Mononucleotide- repeating unit of nucleic acid Purines and pyrimidine- absorbs UV radiation at 260 nm. purine-is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound. It consists of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine.[ Adenine-is a nucleobase (a purine derivative) with a variety of roles in biochemistry including cellular respiration, in the form of both the energy-rich adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and protein synthesis, as a chemical component of DNA and RNA.

 Uracil-one

of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of RNA that are represented by the letters A, G, C and U. Guanine can be hydrolyzed with strong acid to glycine, ammonia, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide Cytosine was discovered by Albrecht Kossel in 1894 when it was hydrolysed from calf thymus tissues.[2] A structure was proposed in 1903, and was synthesized (and thus confirmed) in the laboratory in the same year.

 Thymine

bases are frequently oxidized to hydantoins over time after the death of an organism.

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