Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Target patients
1. pt who discharging tubercle bacilli which can be demonstrated by sputum microscopic examination i.e smear positive (open case) 2. pt with bacteriologically unconfirmed TB (Person with suspected TB based on clinical or X-ray appearance, suffering from extra pulmonary TB, contact with smear positive pt
Methods of control
1. BCG vaccine 2. Case finding 3. Treatment of cases
BCG vaccination
*It is L.A vaccine given by intra dermal injection *It given to people considered to be non-infected (children) to protect them from developing TB specially severe form of the disease. *Dose 0.05 ml in < 1year, 0.1 ml in >1year *Complication: 1. subcutaneous abscess at site of infection 2. Ulceration at the site of injection 3. Swelling + ulceration LN adjacent to the vaccination site 4. Systemic complication
Case finding
Diagnosis of tuberculosis by identification of TB bacilli either by smear microscopy or culture Smear examination done for suspected TB cases (even extra pulmonary) Clinical examination and Chest X-ray finding suggestive of TB helpful in smear -ve pts in pulmonary in small children and miliary cases. Mantoux test is helpful in children suspected of TB who are less 5 years and have not received BCG vaccination
Pulmonary TB is present when: 1. There 2 +ve result of sputum examination 2. In case with ve smear with highly suggestive clinical and chest x-ray finding 3. Children with clinical symptoms and +ve mantoux (in non-vaccinated children)
Treatment of tuberculosis
TB treatment must not be started until a firm diagnosis has been made The recommendation is to adopt a new 8month regimen with HE in the continuation phase recategorizing the TB patient into 2 categories of treatment instead of 3. CAT-1: includes all new cases ( smear +ve and ve ) in addition to extra pulmonary cases.
CAT-1 treatment
Initial phase (2 month( Rifampicin Isoniazide Streptomycin Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol Isoniazide
*In children <8 years ethambutol replaced by rifampicin in continuation phase *in pregnancy do not give streptomycin, ethambutol can be used * Pt will has ve smear within first 2 weeks of treatment
(2month)
Rifampicin Isoniazide Streptomycin Pyrazinamide Ethmbutol Rifampicin Isonizide Pyrazinamide Ethmbutol Ethambutol Isoniazide Rifampicin
pyrazinamide
Ethambutol Streptomycin Rifina (RH)
25mg
Initial 20-25mg Continuation 15mg 15mg 10/5mg
400mg
400mg Inj 750mg 150/75mg
Common Side effects of anti tuberculosis drug INH: neurotoxicity & liver damage. Rifampicin: hepatitis, change color of body secretion to pink Strreptomycin: vestibular damage Pyrazinamide: hepatitis and artheralgia Thiacetazone: anemia, GI upsets Ethambutol:decrease in visual acuity, blirring with red green color blind ness
Defaulters
All cases default for more than 3 months are candidate for full treatment. Default in initial phase more than 2 weeks restart treatment Default in continuation phase less than 1 month check mantoux if +ve =restart the treatment if ve =contiue the treatment
Definitions
Smear positive relapses: Pt with smear positive pulmonary TB, previously treated for active TB who declared cured after completion of a course of chemotherapy of TB. Smear positive failure cases: Pt who are do not show, or temporarily show, sputum conversion while receiving treatment for TB with first-line regimen
Drug resistance : 1. Naturally : due to bacterial mutations 2. Acquired or secondary : with in corrrect chemotherapy therapy eg. Treatment with single potent drug in smear =ve pt. 3. Primary resistance: pt with acquired resistance infect a healthy individual .