By

Shailendra Chauhan(A2305410254) Tushar Thakkar(A2305410175) Indraneel Dutta(A2305410176) Ravin Kumar(A2305410177) Faculty Guide: Mr. Rajan Raman Vishwambaram

Bicycle which has been the most simple, ecofriendly and an economical mode of transport is an engineering marvel for wonderful innovations.

PARTS OF THE WHEEL

The Frame.
Drive Train and gearing. Brakes.

Suspension.
Wheels and Tyres.

THE FRAME
The structure of the frame is more aerodynamic than

upright versions. The rider may lean back onto a support and operate pedals that are on about the same level as the seat. The goal for the material selection is low weight and high strength. Analogous to the proposed bicycle frame, the model consists of wood frame rather than the proposed 6101 Al alloy.

Drive train and gearing

With a chain drive transmission, a chain ring attached to a crank

drives the chain, which in turn rotates the rear wheel via the rear sprocket(s) (cassette or freewheel). There are four gearing options: two-speed hub gear integrated with chain ring, up to 3 chain rings, up to 11 sprockets, hub gear built in to rear wheel (3-speed to 14-speed). The most common options are either a rear hub or multiple chain rings combined with multiple sprockets . With a shaft drive transmission, a gear set at the bottom bracket turns the shaft, which then turns the rear wheel via a gear set connected to the wheel's hub. There is some small loss of efficiency due to the two gear sets needed. The only gearing option with a shaft drive is to use a hub gear.

BRAKES
With hand-operated brakes, force is applied to brake levers

mounted on the handlebars and transmitted via Bowden cables or hydraulic lines to the friction pads. Brakes are not required for riding on a track because all riders ride in the same direction around a track which does not necessitate sharp deceleration. Track riders are still able to slow down because all track bicycles are fixed-gear, meaning that there is no freewheel. Without a freewheel, coasting is impossible, so when the rear wheel is moving, the crank is moving. To slow down, the rider applies resistance to the pedals this acts as a braking system which can be as effective as a friction based rear wheel brake, but not as effective as a front wheel brake.

SUSPENSION
Bicycle suspension refers to the system or systems used

to suspend the rider and all or part of the bicycle. This serves two purposes, to keep the wheels in continuous contact with rough surfaces to improve control and to isolate the rider and luggage from jarring due to rough surfaces. Suspension is especially important on recumbent bicycles, since while an upright bicycle rider can stand on the pedals to achieve some of the benefits of suspension, a recumbent rider cannot .

Wheels and tyres

In conventional bicycles, the entire central portion of the wheel

structure, extending from the centered axle to the outer perimeter or tire-mounting rim may be of a specialized design having high aesthetic appeal. The above and other beneficial objects and advantages are accomplished in accordance with the present invention by a metal wheel of monolithic construction having opposed sides of equal diameter and comprised of:

A hub having a cantered axis of rotation is removed, to accomplish the

aim of providing a spokeless wheel.

 The rim is circular and the tyre tube attaches itself

with the grip. c) Timings belt GT2 which is demonstrated further is embedded to the rim which is driven by the hub gear. It is a further object of this invention to provide a wheel as in the foregoing object which secures a resilient tyre. The wheel is supported by a wheel support of 6101 Al alloy.

RIM
Rims designed for use with rim brakes provide a smooth

parallel braking surface, while rims meant for use with disc brakes or hub brakes sometimes lack this surface. These rims cannot be used with caliper rim brakes. The cross-section of a rim can have a wide range of geometry, each optimized for particular performance goals.
Aerodynamics, mass and moment of inertia, stiffness,

durability, tubeless tire compatibility, brake compatibility, and cost are all considerations.

4. INTERPRETITION OF COLLECTED DATA

Rear Wheel: Outer Diameter: 40 cms Inner Diameter: 26 cms

Driving Paddle Wheel Diameter (D): 20 cms Number of teeth (T) : 27 Sprocket Wheel Diameter (d): 8 cms Number of teeth (t): 18 Data for Chain Length Calculations: C= Centre distance between sprockets = kp = 28.3 cms P= pitch of chain = 1.3 cms

CALCULATIONS
where = Angle subtended by chord of a link at the centre of sprocket. r = radius of the pitch circle

Where L= length of the chain. C= center distance between the centres of two sprockets. R= Radius of the Driving wheel. r= radius of the driven sprocket. Therefore, the length,L=1.25 m

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 is a front view of the embodiment of the wheel of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view as in FIG. 1 of the drive chain attached to the spokeless wheel.

MATERIALS REQUIRED
RIM: The most economical and weight effective material (e.g. Aluminium) .
FRAME: Mild steel which should have enough strength and rigidity. Industrial grade aluminium, nearly 16 mm and 11 mm in thickness. The frame would be made by rectangular cross-section mild steel bars welded together. The wheel support would be made out of 6061 Al alloy, which is cheaper compared to the aerospace version 7075. 6061 has a density of 2.70 g/cc, an ultimate strength of 310 MPa and a yield of 276 MPa, showing about 12% strain at rupture.

TIMING BELT
A timing belt, or cam belt (informal usage), is a part of an internal combustion engine that controls the timing of the engine's valves. The term "timing belt" is sometimes used for the more general case of any flat belt with integral teeth, This is not a problem unique to timing belts since the same issue exists with all other cam/crank timing methods such as gears or chains.

 Failure

A pair of valves bent by collision with a piston after timing belt breakage. The engine was running at 4500 RPM. Its use here increases its durability. The usual failure modes of timing belts are either stripped teeth (which leaves a smooth section of belt where the drive cog will slip) or delamination and unravelling of the fibres cores. Breakage of the belt, because of the nature of the high tensile fibers, is uncommon.

 Correct belt tension is critical - too loose and the belt

will whip, too tight and it will whine and put excess strain on the bearings of the cogs. In either case belt life will be drastically shortened. Aside from the belt itself, also common is a failure of the tensioner, and/or the various gear and idler bearings, causing the belt to derail.

7. APPLICATIONS
It can replace the normal spoke wheel of the

motorbikes.
As the chain drive spoke wheel concept is used in cycle

rickshaws the proposed wheel can be used in rickshaws too effectively increasing its speed.
The proposed wheel can be used in a drive mechanism

of handicraft vehicles and many more.

CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

Will add aesthetic, trendy and appealing value to the existing transport of the masses. Spokes which add weight to the bicycle can be effectively reduced with the implementation of such a wheel in its design. material having the strength requisites to support the bicycle wheel. Cost effectiveness and aesthetic sense is the utmost care that needs to be taken for selection. Moreover the proposed wheel can be tested in other modes of transport where the motive power is derived from the chain wheel mechanism. Improvements like ratcheting resistance during high start-up torques, Reduced bearing loads, particularly in fixed-centre drives. Lower average tensions can be used without encountering tooth jump at the low tension end of the tolerance ranges, Reduced system losses result from lower pre-tensioning, with less potential for tooth jumping. Nevertheless the developing of the spoke-less wheel was an uncountable experience.

Material selection for the bicycle framework is still a challenge by selecting a

DRIVE COMPARATIVE STUDIES:

Poly Chain GT Carbon :Poly Chain GT Carbon belt drives

high power transmission strength, flexibility and durabilitymatching the capacity of roller chain drives width-for-width in most pitch sizes. High Torque Drive (HTD) Belts are the development of timing belts with 'curvilinear'tooth form enabling 'High Torque Drives'. The PowerGrip MXL belt is a classical synchronous belt with a pitch of 0.08" (2.032 mm).It is recommended for applications where maximum synchronisation, small package and high speed are required. Space-saving and highly stable, this belt is the ideal solution to precision drives such as office machines and computers . Comparative studies, allow designers to make quantitative assessments and to highlight the most significant improvements and design opportunities.

 Durability:

The greatly increased durability of the Power Grip GT2 design has resulted in power capacities far above those quoted for similar size belts of previous designs. The resulting small drive packages will increase design flexibility, space utilization and cost effectiveness

Fig. Tooth Jump Resistance

The very significant improvement in tooth jump resistance of Power Grip GT2 when compared to similar belts has several important advantages. 1. Ratcheting resistance during high start-up torques. A ratchet is a device that allows continuous linear or rotary motion in only one direction while preventing motion in the opposite direction. Therefore, at high start-up torques it resists the backward motion of wheels. 2. Reduced bearing loads, particularly in fixed-center drives. Lower average tensions can be used without encountering tooth jump at the low tension end of the tolerance ranges. 3. Reduced system losses result from lower pre-tensioning, with less potential for tooth jumping. Therefore, it enables proper and efficient tooth gripping without tooth jumping.

REFERENCES
[1] Bothichander T, Modified Spoke less Bicycle, Manfex 2012, 29th March 2012, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh
[2] Bicyclemechanichttp://www.ecofriend.org/entry/engineeringstudents-create-spokeless-bicycle-prototype/ [3] Design boom http://www.designboom.com/weblog/cat/16/view/9195/spokele ss-bicycle.html howstuffworks.com/

[4] Spoke less bicycle proto type http://www.toxel.com/tech/2010/02/17/spokeless-bicycleprototype/

THANK YOU!