Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BY
M. R. VAHORA.
M. V. Sc. Student.
Livestock Production.
INTRODUCTION.
IBD is an acute highly contagious viral
infection of young chicken.
In 1962 first recognized and referred to as
“avian nephrosis”
Since first outbreak occurred in area of
Gumbora in U.S.A.called Gumboro
disease.
In India first outbreak in 1977-78.
ETIOLOGY
IBDV is a member of the Birnaviridae
family (12,23,87)
Virus is single shelled
Non enveloped virion.
Has two segment
(i) Segment A (large) VP2, VP3,VP4.
(ii) Segment B (Small) VP1.
PATHOTYPE OF IBDV
Main two type of serotypes designated as
– Serotype- 1
– Serotype- 2.
Serotype-1.
– (i) Standard serotype –moderate mortality and
immunosupression.
– (ii) Variant serotype-1 No mortality and high
immunosupression.Found in U.S.A.
– (iii) Very virulent serotype-1 High mortality and high
immunosupression. Found in Asia,Europe.
Serptype-2.
– Found only in Turkey. However later studies show
that virus of serotype-2 could be isolated from
chicken.
PATHOGENESIS
Field viruses exhibit different degrees of
pathogenicity.
WhiteLeghorne exhibited the most sever
reaction and had the highest mortality.
Period of greatest susceptibility is between 3 to
6 weeks.
Susceptible chicken younger than 3 weeks do
not exhibit clinical sign but have subclinical
infection that are economical important because
the result can be sever immunosupression of the
chicken.
SOURCE
Contaminated feed and water.
Virus found in high concentration in litter.
If litter is used as mannure in area, more
problem of IBD.
SYMPTOMS
CLINICAL IBD
Anorexia,Depression.
Ruffled Feather
White diarrhoea and Pasty vent.
Spiking or shooting mortality.
Typical mortality curve
Disease of self restricting.
SUBCLINICAL IBD
Immunosupression
Impairment of immune system.
MORTALITY PATTERN
In broiler
Mortality between 3-6 weeks.
2- 5% mortality rarely goes beyond 10%.
Peak on 2nd and 3rd day.
No mortality on 5th day.
In layer
Mortality between 5-10 weeks of age.
30- 70 % mortality
Mortality runs from 7 to 14 days.
Two peak. AT 3rd and 4th day
AT 7th and 8th day.
In unvaccinated flock 90% mortality.
In cage layer high mortality.
P. M. LESION
Bursa oedematous and enlargement with peribursal
oedema.
Mucosal surface of bursa is necrotic and haemorrhagic.
Bursal atrophy with caseous material in lumen at the
receding phase of outbreak.
Bursal lesion are more pronounce in layer than broiler.
Diffuse haemorrhage in thigh,leg muscles and breast.
Haemorrhage at provetriculus-gizzard junction.
Haemorrhage may extend to glandular part of
proventriculus.
Kidney dehydrated and prominent tubules.
EFFECT OF
IMMUNOSUPRESSION DUE TO
IBD
Lack of proper response to vaccination.
Poor booster effect of vaccination.
Lower resistance to pathogens like
E.coli.,Mycoplasma.
Increase incidence of IBD related disease
like IBH,GDS and CAA.
Supression of growth rate and poor FCR.
TREATMENT AND CONTROL
No effective treatment.
Only supportive treatment.
Reduce dehydration. Give Electrolytes.
Boost immunity.
Give Vit.C, Vit.E,Selenium.
PREVENTION
Vaccination is effective tool.
A universal vaccination program cannot be offered
because of the variability in maternal immunity,
management and operational condition that exist.
Also consider past history and prevalence of disease.
IBDV is sensitive to
0.5% formalin for 6 hours.
0.5% Chloramines –killed virus in 10 minutes.
Glutaraldehyde.
Alkyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride.
VACCINATION SCHEDULE
For commercial broiler.
At 12-13 days age Intermediate plus in drinking water.
Other schedule.
On 18th day Intermediate plus in D/W.
On 26th day Intermediate plus in D/W.
For Breeder
Prelay and Midlay Oil Adjuvent inactivated vaccine.