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AN ASSIGNMENT ON

INFCTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE


(GUMBORO DISEASE)

BY
M. R. VAHORA.
M. V. Sc. Student.
Livestock Production.
INTRODUCTION.
 IBD is an acute highly contagious viral
infection of young chicken.
 In 1962 first recognized and referred to as
“avian nephrosis”
 Since first outbreak occurred in area of
Gumbora in U.S.A.called Gumboro
disease.
 In India first outbreak in 1977-78.
ETIOLOGY
 IBDV is a member of the Birnaviridae
family (12,23,87)
 Virus is single shelled
 Non enveloped virion.
 Has two segment
(i) Segment A (large) VP2, VP3,VP4.
(ii) Segment B (Small) VP1.
PATHOTYPE OF IBDV
Main two type of serotypes designated as
– Serotype- 1
– Serotype- 2.

Serotype-1.
– (i) Standard serotype –moderate mortality and
immunosupression.
– (ii) Variant serotype-1 No mortality and high
immunosupression.Found in U.S.A.
– (iii) Very virulent serotype-1 High mortality and high
immunosupression. Found in Asia,Europe.
Serptype-2.
– Found only in Turkey. However later studies show
that virus of serotype-2 could be isolated from
chicken.
PATHOGENESIS
 Field viruses exhibit different degrees of
pathogenicity.
 WhiteLeghorne exhibited the most sever
reaction and had the highest mortality.
 Period of greatest susceptibility is between 3 to
6 weeks.
 Susceptible chicken younger than 3 weeks do
not exhibit clinical sign but have subclinical
infection that are economical important because
the result can be sever immunosupression of the
chicken.
SOURCE
 Contaminated feed and water.
 Virus found in high concentration in litter.
 If litter is used as mannure in area, more
problem of IBD.
SYMPTOMS
 CLINICAL IBD
 Anorexia,Depression.
 Ruffled Feather
 White diarrhoea and Pasty vent.
 Spiking or shooting mortality.
 Typical mortality curve
 Disease of self restricting.

SUBCLINICAL IBD
 Immunosupression
 Impairment of immune system.
MORTALITY PATTERN
 In broiler
 Mortality between 3-6 weeks.
 2- 5% mortality rarely goes beyond 10%.
 Peak on 2nd and 3rd day.
 No mortality on 5th day.

 In layer
 Mortality between 5-10 weeks of age.
 30- 70 % mortality
 Mortality runs from 7 to 14 days.
 Two peak. AT 3rd and 4th day
AT 7th and 8th day.
 In unvaccinated flock 90% mortality.
 In cage layer high mortality.
P. M. LESION
 Bursa oedematous and enlargement with peribursal
oedema.
 Mucosal surface of bursa is necrotic and haemorrhagic.
 Bursal atrophy with caseous material in lumen at the
receding phase of outbreak.
 Bursal lesion are more pronounce in layer than broiler.
 Diffuse haemorrhage in thigh,leg muscles and breast.
 Haemorrhage at provetriculus-gizzard junction.
 Haemorrhage may extend to glandular part of
proventriculus.
 Kidney dehydrated and prominent tubules.
EFFECT OF
IMMUNOSUPRESSION DUE TO
IBD
 Lack of proper response to vaccination.
 Poor booster effect of vaccination.
 Lower resistance to pathogens like
E.coli.,Mycoplasma.
 Increase incidence of IBD related disease
like IBH,GDS and CAA.
 Supression of growth rate and poor FCR.
TREATMENT AND CONTROL
 No effective treatment.
 Only supportive treatment.
 Reduce dehydration. Give Electrolytes.
 Boost immunity.
 Give Vit.C, Vit.E,Selenium.
PREVENTION
 Vaccination is effective tool.
 A universal vaccination program cannot be offered
because of the variability in maternal immunity,
management and operational condition that exist.
 Also consider past history and prevalence of disease.
 IBDV is sensitive to
 0.5% formalin for 6 hours.
 0.5% Chloramines –killed virus in 10 minutes.
 Glutaraldehyde.
 Alkyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride.
VACCINATION SCHEDULE
 For commercial broiler.
 At 12-13 days age Intermediate plus in drinking water.

 For commercial Layer.


 On 14th day Intermediate I/O or D/W.
 On 21st day Intermediate plus in D/W.
 On 28th day Intermediate in D/W.

 Other schedule.
 On 18th day Intermediate plus in D/W.
 On 26th day Intermediate plus in D/W.

 For Breeder
 Prelay and Midlay Oil Adjuvent inactivated vaccine.

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