DEFINITION

Lack of one or more of the nutrients required (unbalanced diet) in the

diet to maintain good health

MALNUTRITION CAUSED BY
e)Undernourishment
f)An inability to use absorbed nutrients
g)The failure to meet a required increase in nutrient intake
h)Nutrient losses

THREE STAGES TO PROVIDE ENERGY

j)Carbohydrate which store in body used up
k)Fat oxidised
l)Protein broken down
DEFICIENCY IN VARIOUS NUTRIENTS
Nutrient Effects Characteristics
Proteins a) Kwashiorkor Stomach bloated, growth of body and
b) Marasmus brain retarded, no appetite for food,
weak body

Vitamin A a) Night blindness Poor night vision

b) Xerophthalmia Cornea dry and opaque

Vitamin B1 Beri-beri Swollen legs and ankles, numbness in

hands, muscular pain and cramps,
fatigue, loss of appetite

Vitamin B3 Pellagra Dermatitis (skin becomes red and

inflamed), diarrhoea and mental
disorder)

Vitamin B12 Anaemia Lack of red blood cells or haemoglobin

Iron to transport oxigen
DEFICIENCY IN VARIOUS NUTRIENTS
Nutrient Effects Characteristics
Vitamin C Scurvy Bleeding gums, bruised skin, painful
and swollen joints, weakness

Vitamin D a) Rickets (children) Stunted growth of bones and teeth,

Calcium weak bones
b) Osteoporosis (aged Brittle bones which are easily broken
adults)

Iodine a) Goitre (adults) Enlarged thyroid glands

b) Cretinism Physical and mental growth retarded
(children)

Sodium Muscular cramps Sudden and painful contraction of

muscles
 EFFECTS OF EXCESSIVE INTAKE OF CERTAIN
NUTRIENTS ON HEALTH
Nutrients Effects Characteristics
Carbohydrates a) Obesity Body weight more than 20% of the
(Sugar) suitable body weight for a particular
height
b) Dental Caries Tooth decay due to the destruction of
the teeth’s enamel by acids which are
produced by bacteria from carbohydrate

Lipids Atherosclerosis The narrowing and hardening of arteries

due to saturated fats and cholesterol
deposited on the inner walls of the
arteries

Proteins a) Gout Excessive uric deposits on the joints

b) Stones in the Uric acid crystalises and forms stones in
kidney the kidney
 EFFECTS OF EXCESSIVE INTAKE OF CERTAIN
NUTRIENTS ON HEALTH
Nutrient Effects Characteristics
Vitamin A Liver damage The liver fails to function because liver
cells die and fibrous tissues form in the
liver

Minerals
b)Sodium ii)High blood pressure Fatigue, headache, can cause bleeding in
iii)Kidney damage the brain (stroke), and heart failure
Kidney are overload with the task of
removing excess salts
vi)Atheriosclerosis
g)Calcium Calcium deposits on the inner walls of
arteries causing the arteries to harden
and lose their elasticity. Reduces flow of
blood or forms a blockage