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SUPPORTS
The layout and design of piping and its supporting elements shall be directed toward preventing following:
2. Guide
3. Axial Restrain 4. Anchor Again some more supports are available. 1. Spring Constant and Variable Support
2. Hanger Supports.
STRESS ANALYSIS
BASIC REQUIREMENTS
Piping system shall have sufficient flexibility to prevent thermal expansion or contraction or movements of piping supports and terminals from causing 1. Failure of piping or supports from overstress. 2. Detrimental stresses in piping or in connected equipment (pump and turbines etc.) resulting from excessive thrusts and moments in the piping.
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Types of Stresses
& Allowable Limits as per Code
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Stresses in Pipe Hoop stress or Circumferential stress due to Internal pressure. Longitudinal stress due to Internal pressure and weight. Thermal stress due to temperature gradient.
Allowable Stresses Hoop stress Allowable stress as per table A-1 Longitudinal stress Allowable stress as per table A-1 Thermal stress Thermal stress range SA as defined in the code.
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Where,
f stress range reduction factor from table 302.3.5
Sc basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature expected during the displacement cycle under analysis.
Sh basic allowable stress at maximum metal temperature expected during the displacement cycle under analysis.
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Hydrostatic stress Allowable stress during hydro testing is 1.33 Sc because at hydro test we are testing the system to withstand near the Yield.
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Sample Calculation
Allowable Nozzle Loading 1. WRC 107/297 for Equipments. 2. API 610 for Pumps. 3. NEMA 23 for Turbines (National Electrical Manufacturers Association). 4. API 617, 619 for Compressors.
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Failures 1. Catastrophic Failure 2. Fatigue Failure Static Analysis 1. Sustained Condition 2. Expansion Condition
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Thank You
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