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What is Attitude
Attitudes
Attitudes are valuative statementseither favorable or unfavorable concerning objects, people, or events. They reflect how one feels about something.

A thought accepted as true An emotional readiness to behave in a particular way Leads one to think, feel or act positively or negatively toward a person, idea or event Deeply ingrained in our personalities as we learn and grow
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Components of Attitude
Affective Cognitive

The emotional or feeling segment of an attitude

Behavioral

The opinion or belief segment of an attitude

Attitude

An intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something

In organisation, attitudes are important because of their behavioral component.

Attitude Types
Most of the research in OB has been concerned with three attitudes

Job Satisfaction
A collection of positive and/or negative feelings that an individual holds toward his or her job.

Job Involvement
Identifying with the job, actively participating in it, and considering performance important to self-worth.

Organizational Commitment
Identifying with a particular organization and its goals, and wishing to maintain membership in the organization.

Job satisfaction

Job satisfaction essentially reflects the

extent to which an individual likes his or her job. Formally defined, job satisfaction is an affective or emotional response toward various facets of ones job

Causes of Job Satisfaction

Discrepancies

Need Fulfillment

Causes

Value Attainment

Dispositional/ Genetic Components

Equity

Job Satisfaction:
Supportive Colleagues:
Friendly and supportive co-workers and understanding supervisors leads to increased job satisfaction.

Whistle Blowing : Whistle Blowers are employees who inform wrongdoings of their companies or co-workers. Organizations can manage whistle blowing by communicating the conditions that are appropriate for the disclosure of wrong doing. Social Responsibility :
Organization to behave in ethical ways like Protecting the environment, promoting worker safety, supporting social issues etc.

JOB INVOLVEMENT
Employees immersing themselves in their job Investing time and energy Viewing work as a central part of their overall lives

JOB-INVOLVED EMPLOYEES:
Believe in work ethics Exhibit high growth needs Enjoy participation in decision making

JOB INVOLVEMENT
LESS TARDY/ABSENT

JOBINVOLVE D EMPLOYE E

WILLING TO WORK LONG HOURS BECOME HIGH PERFORMERS MORE PRODUCTIVE

Organizational commitment
Affective commitment An emotional attachment to the organization and a belief in its values. Continuance commitment The percieved economics values of remaining with an organization compared to leaving it. Normative commitment An obligation to remain with the organization for moral or ethical reasons.

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ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT
Guidelines to Enhance Organizational Commitment
COMMIT TO PEOPLE-FIRST VALUES CLARIFY AND COMMUNICATE YOUR MISSION GUARANTEE ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE SUPPORT EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT

ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT
GOOD ATTENDANCE RECORDS WILLING ADHERENCE TO COMPANY POLICIES

ORGANIZATIONALLY COMMITED EMPLOYEE

LOWER TURNOVER RATES

BETTER PERFORMERS

Does behavior always follow from attitudes

The assumed relationship between attitudes and behavior was challenged by a review of the research in the late 1960s.
The most powerful moderators of the attitudesbehavior relationship have been found to be the importance of the attitude, its specificity, its accessibility, whether there exist social pressures, and whether a person has direct experience with attitude.

Self-Perception Theory
Attitudes are used after the fact to make sence out of an action that has already occurred.
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How are employee attitudes measured

Attitude surveys
Eliciting responses from employees through questionnaires on how they feel about their jobs, work groups, supervisors, and the organization. The use of regular attitude surveys can alert management to potential problems and employees intentions early.

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Sample Attitude Survey

What is the importance of attitudes to workplace diversity

Managers are increasingly concerned with changing employee attitudes to reflect shifting perspectives on racial, gender, and other diversuty issues. Training activities that can reshape employee attitudes concerning diversity:

Participating in diversity training that provides for selfevaluation and group discussions.
Volunteer work in community and social serve centers with individuals of diverse backgrounds. Exploring print and visual media that recount and portray diversity issues.
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How satisfied are people in their jobs

Are most people satisfied with there jobs Research shows that satisfaction levels vary a lot depending on which facet of job satisfaction youre talking about.

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How Employees Can Express Dissatisfaction

Exit
Behavior directed toward leaving the organization.

Voice
Active and constructive attempts to improve conditions.

Loyalty
Passively waiting for conditions to improve.

Neglect
Allowing conditions to worsen.

Determination of satisfaction
Satisfaction with the work itself Pay=Salary Growth and Upward Mobility Supervision Coworkers Attitude Towards Work in General

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