Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Working in Teams
Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Chapter Outline
Teams vs.Groups: Whats the Difference? Why Have Teams Become So Popular? Stages of Group and Team Development
Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Teams
A small number of people who work closely together toward a common objective and are accountable to one another.
Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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The extensive use of teams creates the potential for an organization to generate greater outputs with no increase in inputs.
Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Stage V: Adjourning
The final stage in group development for temporary groups, characterized by concern with wrapping up activities rather than task performance
Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Source: G. M. Parker, Team Players and Teamwork: The New Competitive Business Strategy (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1990), Table 2, p. 33. Copyright 1990 by Jossey-Bass Inc., Publishers. Reprinted by permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Composition
Skills Personality Roles Diversity Size Member flexibility Member preference for teamwork
Team effectiveness
Work design
Autonomy Skill variety Task identity Task significance
Process
Common purpose Specific goals Team efficacy Managed level of conflict Accountability
Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Skills
Teams need the following skills to perform effectively:
Technical expertise Problem-solving and decision-making skills Interpersonal skills
Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Roles
Task-oriented roles
Roles performed by group members to ensure that the tasks of the group are accomplished.
Maintenance roles
Roles performed by group members to maintain good relations within the group.
Individual roles
Roles performed by group members that are not productive for keeping the group on task.
Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Seeking information and opinions Providing information and opinions Clarifying Elaborating Summarizing
Consensus Testing
Source: Team Processes, in Managing for the Future, ed. D. Ancona, T. Kochan, M. Scully, J. Van Maanen, and D. E. Westney (Cincinnati, OH: South-Western College Publishing, 1996), p. 9. Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Encouraging
Source: Team Processes, in Managing for the Future, ed. D. Ancona, T. Kochan, M. Scully, J. Van Maanen, and D. E. Westney (Cincinnati, OH: South-Western College Publishing, 1996), p. 9.
Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Diversity
Impact of diverse groups
Diversity in personality, age, gender, and experience promotes conflict, which stimulates creativity and idea generation, which leads to improved decision making. Cultural diversity in groups initially leads to more difficulty in building cohesion, gaining satisfaction, being productive.
Problems pass with time (certainly by three months). Culturally diverse groups bring more viewpoints out.
Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Advantages
Disadvantages
Multiple perspectives Greater openness to new ideas Multiple interpretations Increased creativity Increased flexibility Increased problemsolving skills
Ambiguity Complexity Confusion Miscommunication Difficulty in reaching a single agreement Difficulty in agreeing on specific actions
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Source: Adapted from N. J. Adler, International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior, 4th ed., p. 109. Copyright 2002. By permission of South-Western College Publishing, a division of International Thomson Publishing, Cincinnati, OH 45227. Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Group Size
Research shows that:
Smaller groups are faster at completing tasks. When problem solving, larger groups do better.
Social Loafing
The tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually. To reduce social loafing, teams should not be larger than necessary, and individuals should be held accountable for their actions.
Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Exhibit 5-7 Relationship Between Group Cohesiveness, Performance Norms, and Productivity
High
Cohesiveness
Low
Performance Norms
High
High productivity
Moderate productivity
Low
Low productivity
Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Virtual Teams
Virtual Teams
Use computer technology to tie together physically dispersed members in order to achieve a common goal.
Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Source: Reprinted by permission of Shell Chemical LP. Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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OB at Work
Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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For Review
1. How can teams increase employee motivation? 2. Describe the five-stage model of group development. 3. Describe the punctuated-equilibrium model of group development. 4. What are the characteristics of an effective team? 5. How can team members harm their team?
Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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For Review
6. What is the difference between task-oriented roles and maintenance roles? 7. What are the effects of team size on performance? 8. How can a team minimize social loafing? 9. Contrast virtual and face-to-face teams. 10. What conditions favour creating a team, rather than letting an individual perform a given task?
Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Poor Models
All sport teams arent alike. Work teams are more varied and complex. A lot of employees cant relate to sports metaphors. Work team outcomes arent easily defined in terms of wins and losses.
Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Chapter 5, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada