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GEOMETRICAL TOLERANCING

GEOMETRICAL TOLERANCING
DEFINITION

A geometrical tolerance is the maximum permissible variation of Form ,Orientation, or Location of a feature from that indicated or specified of the drawing.
The feature would be permitted to have any variation of form or take up any position with in a specified geometrical tolerance zone.

GEOMETRICAL TOLERANCING
POINTS, LINES AND SURFACES In the production and measurement of engineering parts mostly we deal with flat, cylindrical, conical, spherical, or irregular shape or contoured surfaces. Edges of parts or axes of cylinders are shown by lines. Intersection of lines are shown by points. Measurement is made at specific points to evaluate a line at various points along its length.

GEOMETRICAL TOLERANCING
POINTS, LINES AND SURFACEScontd.

Geometrical tolerances are chiefly concerned with points & lines while surfaces are composed of series of line elements. Points have position but no size and therefore position is the only characteristic that requires control. Lines and surfaces are controlled for form, orientation and location.

Geometrical Tolerancing

GEOMETRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Form of a line Straightness, profile roundness, and

Form of a surface
Orientation Location Run out

Flatness, cylindricity and profile


Angularity, parallelism perpendicularity Position, symmetry concentricity and and

This is a special composite characteristic, which will be explained later

FEATURE CONTROL SYMBOLS

LENGTH AS REQUIRED

Feature is a specific characteristic portion of a part. Point, line, surface, hole, slot, screw thread or profile. The frame height to be twice the height of the character used for dimensioning, tolerancing and notes on the drawing.
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POSITION OF ARROW HEAD

On the outline of the feature

On an extension of the out line

On an extension (projection) line from the feature, in line with the size dimension.
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POSITION OF ARROW HEAD

Geometrical tolerance with reference to center line.

The feature control symbol is shown in association with the size dimension.

APPLICATION TO SURFACES

The leader and arrowhead should be from the feature control symbol. Usually perpendicular to the line or surface. Or at an angle.
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Two or more feature control symbols, which apply to the same feature, are drawn together with a single leader and arrowhead

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APPLICATION TO CENTER LINES

Used for multiple diameter parts with a common axis.

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APPLICATION TO CENTER LINES

CONTROL OF CENTER LINE OF A PORTION OF A PART

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